{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:03:17Z","timestamp":1750309397106,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"2030 National Key AI Program of China","award":["2021ZD0110400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0110400"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62171213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"High Level of Special Funds","award":["G03034K004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G03034K004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) leveraging millimeter wave (mmWave) communication for bandwidth-demanding applications is considered in this article. Despite the large bandwidth, the delivery of delay-sensitive information collected by sensors may still face significant latency due to the vulnerability to intermittent link blockage. Hence, the guarantee of low age of information (AoI) in mmWave WSNs is not straightforward. In this article, the wireless sensing and dynamic programming techniques are jointly exploited to relieve the above issue. The former tracks the human blockers and predicts the chance of link blockage; the latter optimizes the transmission of multiple sensors based on the prediction. Particularly, the long-term optimization of sampling, uplink time and power allocation policies in a sensor network can be formulated as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) with discounted cost, where the state transition probabilities can be predicted via wireless sensing. A novel low-complexity solution framework, namely COSMO, with a guaranteed performance in the worst case, is proposed. Simulations show that compared with heuristic benchmarks, benefiting from the prediction of the link blockage, COSMO can significantly suppress the average system cost, which consists of both AoI and energy consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3696790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T10:47:56Z","timestamp":1727088476000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COSMO: Dynamic Uploading Scheduling in mmWave-Based Sensor Networks with Mobile Blockers"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1449-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China and Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2437-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojie","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haisheng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LINKE Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-9333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2014.2334278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2019.2908228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.011714.130846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control (4 ed.)","author":"Bertsekas Dimitri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dimitri Bertsekas. 2012. Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control (4 ed.). Vol. 2. Athena scientific, Belmont, MA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Fadhil Firyaguna Andrea Bonfante Jacek Kibi\u0142da and Nicola Marchetti. 2020. Performance evaluation of scheduling in 5G-mmWave networks under human blockage. arXiv:2007.13112. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.13112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.2972282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2754543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1300000001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2523924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2990482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2898756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2011.5984917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AI&M","author":"Li Lihong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lihong Li, Thomas J. Walsh, and Michael L. Littman. 2006. Towards a unified theory of state abstraction for MDPs. In Proceedings of the AI&M."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Zhongdong Liu Keyuan Zhang Bin Li Yin Sun Y. Thomas Hou and Bo Ji. 2024. Learning-augmented Online Minimization of Age of Information and Transmission Costs. arXiv:2403.02573. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.02573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3366390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"A. Maltsev V. Erceg E. Perahia C. Hansen R. Maslennikov A. Lomayev A. Sevastyanov A. Khoryaev G. Morozov M. Jacob S. Priebe T. K\u00fcrner S. Kato H. Sawada K. Sato and H. Harada. 2010. Channel Models for 60 GHz WLAN Systems doc.: IEEE 802.11-09\/0334r8. Institute of Electrical Piscataway NJ USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206559"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1017\/S026357472000079X","article-title":"Mobile robotic sensors for environmental monitoring using Gaussian Markov random field","volume":"39","author":"Nguyen Linh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linh Nguyen, Sarath Kodagoda, Ravindra Ranasinghe, and Gamini Dissanayake. 2021. Mobile robotic sensors for environmental monitoring using Gaussian Markov random field. Robotica 39, 5 (2021), 862\u2013884.","journal-title":"Robotica"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2890308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.803324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPIS54653.2021.9729335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2019.000035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2022.10005216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3400377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADS60453.2023.00280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10278584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3322784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2931876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Wei Teng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teng Wei, Anfu Zhou, and Xinyu Zhang. 2017. Facilitating robust 60 GHz network deployment by sensing ambient reflectors. In Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation. 213\u2013226."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2017.2778501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3128954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.091017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3024234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2921372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2931538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2959777"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3696790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3696790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:57:45Z","timestamp":1750294665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3696790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3696790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3696790","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}