{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:40:44Z","timestamp":1780530044125,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":34,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3697253.3697263","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T12:20:28Z","timestamp":1729599628000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An In-Depth Investigation of LEO Satellite Topology Design Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1135-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4740-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0503-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeetha Abdu","family":"Jyothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine & VMware Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"MLSR: A novel routing algorithm for multilayered satellite IP networks","author":"Akyildiz I. F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"I. F. Akyildiz, E. Ekici, and M. D. Bender. 2002. MLSR: A novel routing algorithm for multilayered satellite IP networks. IEEE\/ACM Transactions on networking 10, 3 (2002), 411--424."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proc. Workshops on Mobile and Wireless Networking\/High Perf. Scientific and Engineering Computing. IEEE, 148--154","author":"Bai J.","unstructured":"J. Bai, X. Lu, Z. Lu, and W. Peng. 2004. A distributed hierarchical routing protocol for non-GEO satellite networks. In Proc. Workshops on Mobile and Wireless Networking\/High Perf. Scientific and Engineering Computing. IEEE, 148--154."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 1--6.","author":"Basak S.","unstructured":"S. Basak, A. Pal, and D. Bhattacherjee. 2023. Exploring Low-Earth Orbit Network Design. In Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Int. Symp. on Space Flight Dynamics.","author":"Beech T. W.","unstructured":"T. W. Beech, S. Cornara, M. B. Mora, and G. D. Lecohier. 1999. A study of three satellite constellation design algorithms. In Proc. 14th Int. Symp. on Space Flight Dynamics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proc. 19th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 197--204","author":"Bhattacherjee D.","unstructured":"D. Bhattacherjee, S. Kassing, M. Licciardello, and A. Singla. 2020. In-orbit computing: An outlandish thought experiment?. In Proc. 19th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 197--204."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bhattacherjee and A. Singla. 2019. Network topology design at 27 000 km\/hour. In ACM CoNEXT. 341--354.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 7--12","author":"Bhosale V.","unstructured":"V. Bhosale, K. Bhardwaj, and A. Saeed. 2023. Astrolabe: Modeling RTT Variability in LEO Networks. In Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 7--12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"2021. Analysis of inter-satellite link paths for LEO mega-constellation networks","volume":"70","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Q. Chen, G. Giambene, L. Yang, C. Fan, and X. Chen. 2021. Analysis of inter-satellite link paths for LEO mega-constellation networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 70, 3 (2021), 2743--2755.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2019.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019109420506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proc. 19th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 205--211","author":"Hauri Y.","unstructured":"Y. Hauri, D. Bhattacherjee, M. Grossmann, and A. Singla. 2020. Internet from Space without Inter-satellite Links. In Proc. 19th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 205--211."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Laser Links will link small satellites to Earth and each other. Laser Focus World","author":"Hecht J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Hecht. 2020. Laser Links will link small satellites to Earth and each other. Laser Focus World (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"C. Henry. 2019. Amazon planning 3 236-satellite constellation for internet connectivity. https:\/\/bit.ly\/3qdAywU. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proc. 2020 IEEE VTC. IEEE, 1--6.","author":"Hu J.","unstructured":"J. Hu, L. Cai, C. Zhao, and J. Pan. 2020. Directed percolation routing for ultra-reliable and low-latency services in LEO satellite networks. In Proc. 2020 IEEE VTC. IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Izhikevich M. Tran K. Izhikevich G. Akiwate and Z. Durumeric. 2023. Democratizing LEO Satellite Network Measurement. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.07469 (2023).","DOI":"10.1145\/3652963.3655052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 151--158","author":"Kassem M. M.","unstructured":"M. M. Kassem, A. Raman, D. Perino, and N. Sastry. 2022. A browser-side view of Starlink connectivity. In Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 151--158."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM IMC. 214--229","author":"Kassing S.","unstructured":"S. Kassing, D. Bhattacherjee, A. B. \u00c1guas, J. E. Saethre, and A. Singla. 2020. Exploring the \"Internet from space\" with Hypatia. In Proc. ACM IMC. 214--229."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 37--42","author":"Mclaughlin J.","unstructured":"J. Mclaughlin, J. Choi, and R. Durairajan. 2023. x Grid: A Location-oriented Topology Design for LEO Satellites. In Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication. 37--42."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 130--136","author":"Michel F.","unstructured":"F. Michel, M. Trevisan, D. Giordano, and O. Bonaventure. 2022. A first look at Starlink performance. In Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 130--136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Space Optics---ICSO","volume":"11180","author":"M\u00fcncheberg S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. M\u00fcncheberg, C. Gal, J. Horwath, H. Kinter, L. M. Navajas, and M. Soutullo. 2019. Development status and breadboard results of a laser communication terminal for large LEO constellations. In Int. Conf. on Space Optics---ICSO 2018, Vol. 11180. SPIE, 1180--1192."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"OneWeb. 2023. OneWeb. https:\/\/oneweb.net\/. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE ICC. IEEE, 1--6.","author":"Pan T.","unstructured":"T. Pan, T. Huang, X. Li, Y. Chen, W. Xue, and Y. Liu. 2019. OPSPF: orbit prediction shortest path first routing for resilient LEO satellite networks. In Proc. IEEE ICC. IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"A. Peluso. 2022. Megaconstellations: is it possible to achieve the same performance using fewer satellites? Ph.D. Dissertation. Politecnico di Torino."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 137--150","author":"Perdices D.","unstructured":"D. Perdices, G. Perna, M. Trevisan, D. Giordano, and M. Mellia. 2022. When satellite is all you have: watching the internet from 550 ms. In Proc. 22nd ACM IMC. 137--150."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Perrig P. Szalachowski R. M. Reischuk and L. Chuat. 2017. SCION: a secure Internet architecture. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67080-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.812209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.041014.130040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Inter-plane satellite matching in dense LEO constellations. In 2019 GLOBECOM","author":"Soret B","unstructured":"B Soret, I Leyva-Mayorga, and P Popovski. 2019. Inter-plane satellite matching in dense LEO constellations. In 2019 GLOBECOM. IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"SpaceX. 2023. Starlink. https:\/\/www.starlink.com. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"2008. Explicit load balancing technique for NGEO satellite IP networks with on-board processing capabilities","volume":"17","author":"Taleb T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"T. Taleb, D. Mashimo, A. Jamalipour, N. Kato, and Y. Nemoto. 2008. Explicit load balancing technique for NGEO satellite IP networks with on-board processing capabilities. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 17, 1 (2008), 281--293.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Telesat. 2023. Telesat. https:\/\/www.telesat.com. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Internetworking with satellite constellations","author":"Wood L","unstructured":"L Wood. 2001. Internetworking with satellite constellations. University of Surrey (United Kingdom)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proc. 2022 Asia Commun. and Photonics Conf. (ACP). IEEE, 1258--1261","author":"Yang H.","unstructured":"H. Yang, B. Guo, K. Yan, X. Deng, X. Cui, H. Ren, and S. Huang. 2022. Constellation Structure Design for LEO Mega-constellation with Optical Intersatellite Link. In Proc. 2022 Asia Commun. and Photonics Conf. (ACP). IEEE, 1258--1261."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"INFOCOM","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, Q. Wu, Z. Lai, and H. Li. 2022. Enabling low-latency-capable satellite-ground topology for emerging LEO satellite networks. In INFOCOM 2022. IEEE, 1329--1338."}],"event":{"name":"ACM MobiCom '24: The 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","location":"Washington DC USA","acronym":"ACM MobiCom '24","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3697253.3697263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3697253.3697263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T18:33:06Z","timestamp":1755973986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3697253.3697263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3697253.3697263","10.1145\/3697253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3697253.3697263","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}