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However, these inherent lightweight characteristics necessitate extensive computations or tailored devices for specific tasks. Consequently, there is a critical imperative to explore and augment the sensing and communication capabilities of standard RFIDs to better accommodate a broader spectrum of Internet of Things (IoT) services. In this paper, we introduce SENSO, a self-enhancement solution designed to facilitate diverse tasks without the need for hardware modifications or additional device support. Our approach introduces two key innovations to enable cross-protocol communication (RFID-LoRa) and localization. Firstly, we seamlessly integrate Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation into RFID, enabling simultaneous communication with commercial tags and LoRa devices. Secondly, we realize the transmission of wider-band chirps to activate and localize the tag concurrently. By harnessing these techniques, we developed a prototype while addressing several challenges. Our evaluation demonstrates that when maintaining the fundamental RFID communication, SENSO can effectively deliver additional messages to LoRa devices across various indoor scenarios, e.g., through multiple floors, rooms, and corners, and extending over outdoor distances spanning kilometers. Furthermore, it achieves an average accuracy of approximately 5 to 10 centimeters in tag ranging and localization. The source codes of SENSO are available at https:\/\/github.com\/Cui-Zhao\/SENSO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3699777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:23:32Z","timestamp":1732191812000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Self-Enhancement Solution for Standard RFIDs: Software-based Cross-protocol Communication and Localization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4603-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3296-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5274-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4346-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xieyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9348-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jizhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Icc 2020-2020 Ieee International Conference On Communications (Icc)","author":"Afisiadis Orion","unstructured":"Orion Afisiadis, Andreas Burg, and Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming. 2020. 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