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ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) offers several \"knobs\" to control routing decisions, but they are coarse-grained and only affect routes received from neighboring Autonomous Systems (AS). To enhance policy expressiveness, BGP was extended with the\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">communities<\/jats:italic>\n            attribute, allowing an AS to attach metadata to routes and influence the routing decisions of a remote AS. The metadata can carry\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">information<\/jats:italic>\n            to (\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n            , where a route was received) or request an\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">action<\/jats:italic>\n            from a remote AS (\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n            , not to export a route to one of its neighbors). Unfortunately, the semantics of BGP communities are not standardized, lack universal rules, and are poorly documented. In this work, we design and evaluate algorithms to automatically uncover BGP\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">action communities<\/jats:italic>\n            and ASes that violate standard practices by consistently using the\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">information communities<\/jats:italic>\n            of other ASes, revealing undocumented relationships between them (e.g., siblings). Our experimental evaluation with billions of route announcements from public BGP route collectors from 2018 to 2023 uncovers previously unknown AS relationships and shows that our algorithm for identifying action communities achieves average precision and recall of 92.5% and 86.5%, respectively.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3700431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T12:12:12Z","timestamp":1734091932000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Uncovering BGP Action Communities and Community Squatters in the Wild"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Brivaldo Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9424-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Bastos","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Italo","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Katz-Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo Alves","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"AMX-IX. 2023. 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