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However, while researchers have investigated several aspects of a virtual character\u2019s intelligence, little attention has been paid to the impact of the implemented intelligence levels assigned to a virtual character during human\u2013virtual character collaboration. Thus, we conducted a within-group study (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(N=24\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) to explore how three different intelligence levels (low vs. medium vs. high) assigned to a virtual character can impact how study participants perceive that virtual character and interact with the task they are instructed to complete. Specifically, for our study, we developed a jigsaw puzzle game and instructed our participants to solve it with the help of a virtual character. During the jigsaw puzzle solving process, we collected application logs related to how the participants executed the task and observed the virtual environment. Moreover, after each condition, we asked the participants to respond using a questionnaire that examined their social presence, how they perceived the character\u2019s intelligence and compared it with their own, and how they rated the virtual character\u2019s realism. Our results indicated that the different intelligence levels assigned to the virtual characters impacted participants\u2019 responses on several variables, including co-presence, perceived intelligence, intelligence comparison, and character interaction and behavior realism. Moreover, based on the collected logged data, we found that the intelligence levels assigned to our virtual character significantly impacted the performance of our participants. Our results could be valuable to the research community for creating more engaging experiences with intelligent virtual characters for collaborative tasks in immersive environments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3700822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T17:10:21Z","timestamp":1732468221000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Toward Understanding the Effects of Intelligence of a Virtual Character during an Immersive Jigsaw Puzzle Co-Solving Task"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dixuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mass Communication, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias","family":"Volonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Koilias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Mousas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2009.5152572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-019-00931-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmod.2011.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"390","article-title":"On word searches, gaze, and co-participation","volume":"22","author":"Auer Peter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peter Auer and Elisabeth Zima. 2021. 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