{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T22:32:31Z","timestamp":1766269951391,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Estimating the state preparation fidelity of highly entangled states on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is important for benchmarking and application considerations. Unfortunately, exact fidelity measurements quickly become prohibitively expensive, as they scale exponentially as\n            <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n            (3\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            for\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -qubit states, using full state tomography with measurements in all Pauli bases combinations. However, Somma\u00a0 et\u00a0al.established that the complexity could be drastically reduced when looking at\n            <jats:italic>fidelity lower bounds<\/jats:italic>\n            for states that exhibit symmetries, such as Dicke states and GHZ states. These bounds must still be tight enough for larger states to provide reasonable estimations on NISQ devices.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            For the first time and more than 15 years after the theoretical introduction, we report meaningful lower bounds for the state preparation fidelity of all Dicke states up to\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            =10 and all GHZ states up to\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            =20 on Quantinuum H1 ion-trap systems using efficient implementations of recently proposed scalable circuits for these states. Our achieved lower bounds match or exceed previously reported exact fidelities on superconducting systems for much smaller states. Furthermore, we provide evidence that for large Dicke states\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\left|\\smash{D_{N\/2}^{N}} \\right\\rangle\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            , we may resort to a GHZ-based approximate state preparation to achieve better fidelity. This work provides a path forward to benchmarking entanglement as NISQ devices improve in size and quality.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3700885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T11:14:57Z","timestamp":1731323697000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scalable Experimental Bounds for Entangled Quantum State Fidelities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5587-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamminuj","family":"Aktar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"B\u00e4rtschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCS-3 Information Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel-Hameed A.","family":"Badawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Eidenbenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCS-3 Information Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Quantinuum H1-1 H1-2. https:\/\/www.quantinuum.com\/. 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