{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:17:20Z","timestamp":1776097040894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Misinformation on private messaging platforms like WhatsApp and LINE is a global concern. However, research has primarily focused on combating misinformation on public social media. Misinformation in private messaging platforms is difficult to challenge due to social norms, interpersonal relationships, and technological affordances. This study investigates Auntie Meiyu, a fact-checking chatbot integrated into LINE, a popular private messaging service in Taiwan. We interviewed 27 users who adopted Auntie Meiyu in their messaging groups to understand their motivations and perceptions of the chatbot, and to assess its influence on interpersonal interactions. Participants indicated that they primarily adopted the chatbot to protect close family members from misleading news. Nevertheless, they experienced mixed feelings due to the chatbot's robotic style and errors in detecting misinformation. We conclude that conversational agents present a promising approach for tackling misinformation, particularly when conversational participants disagree, and offer design recommendations for leveraging AI-enabled conversational agents in countering misinformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3701189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T16:06:46Z","timestamp":1736525206000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Countering Misinformation in Private Messaging Groups: Insights From a Fact-checking Chatbot"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0555-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan-He","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, New York, NY, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8980-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Fussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Auntie Meiyu your trusted fact-checking confidant. https:\/\/www.checkcheck.me\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Cofacts - Message reporting chatbot and crowd-sourced fact-checking community. https:\/\/en.cofacts.tw"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. MyGoPen. https:\/\/www.mygopen.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Taiwan FactCheck Center. https:\/\/tfc-taiwan.org.tw\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13527600510798105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000400"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/hqac010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Billion Lee. 2022. The Bot Fighting Disinformation: The Story of Cofacts. https:\/\/taiwaninsight.org\/2022\/10\/12\/thebot-fighting-disinformation-the-story-of-cofacts\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"See something, say something: Correction of global health misinformation on social media. Health communication 33, 9","author":"Bode Leticia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leticia Bode and Emily K Vraga. 2018. See something, say something: Correction of global health misinformation on social media. Health communication 33, 9 (2018), 1131--1140."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/hqac008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Levinson","author":"Brown Penelope","year":"1987","unstructured":"Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US. Pages: xiv, 345."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118540190.wbeic102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Network Information Center. [n. d.]. Taiwan Internet Report. Technical Report. Taiwan Network Information Center. https:\/\/www.twnic.tw\/doc\/twrp\/202308e.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2023.2206038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v9i1.3405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Kathy Charmaz. 2006. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580672"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268763"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Kiran Garimella, Pedro OS Vaz de Melo, and Fabr\u00edcio Benevenuto.","author":"de Freitas Melo Philipe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Philipe de Freitas Melo, Carolina Coimbra Vieira, Kiran Garimella, Pedro OS Vaz de Melo, and Fabr\u00edcio Benevenuto. 2020. Can WhatsApp counter misinformation by limiting message forwarding?. In Complex Networks and Their Applications VIII: Volume 1 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications COMPLEX NETWORKS 2019 8. Springer, 372--384."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1623904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS'22)","author":"Kevin Feng K J","year":"2022","unstructured":"K J Kevin Feng, Kevin Song, Kejing Li, Marshini Chetty, and Oishee Chakrabarti. 2022. Investigating How University Students in the United States Encounter and Deal With Misinformation in Private WhatsApp Chats During COVID-19. In Proceedings of the Eighteenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS'22). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, USA, 20."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Mayer","author":"Fiorella Logan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Logan Fiorella and Richard E. Mayer. 2021. Principles Based on Social Cues in Multimedia Learning: Personalization, Voice, Image, and Embodiment Principles. Cambridge University Press, 277--285."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203793206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445436"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology 78, 6","author":"Granovetter Mark S","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mark S Granovetter. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology 78, 6 (1973), 1360--1380."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-06-2022-0407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Beyond quick fixes: How users make sense of misinformation warnings on personal messaging. (6","author":"Hall Natalie-Anne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Natalie-Anne Hall, Brendan Lawson, Cristian Vaccari, and Andrew Chadwick. 2023. Beyond quick fixes: How users make sense of misinformation warnings on personal messaging. (6 2023). https:\/\/repository.lboro.ac.uk\/articles\/report\/ Beyond_quick_fixes_How_users_make_sense_of_misinformation_warnings_on_personal_messaging\/23599185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/587078.587080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3674724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.106190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Language as social action: Social psychology and language use","author":"Holtgraves Thomas M","unstructured":"Thomas M Holtgraves. 2013. Language as social action: Social psychology and language use. Psychology Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083--6101.2004.tb00231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqad024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farnaz Jahanbakhsh Yannis Katsis Dakuo Wang Lucian Popa and Michael Muller. 2023. Exploring the Use of Personalized AI for Identifying Misinformation on Social Media. (2023).","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1460563.1460616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696460"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2021.1903896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119714491.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3633068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Elizabeth Lange Lee Doowan. 2020. How One Social Media App Is Beating Disinformation. https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/11\/23\/line-taiwan-disinformation-social-media-public-private-united-states\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00843--6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Wei-Ping Li. 2023. [TFC Disinfo Detector] What do Taiwanese people think about misinformation challenges in Taiwan? - Findings from the 2023 Annual Misinformation Survey. https:\/\/tfc-taiwan.org.tw\/articles\/9712"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspa0000280"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Facing Falsehoods: Strategies for Polite Misinformation Correction","volume":"16","author":"Malhotra Pranav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pranav Malhotra. 2022. Facing Falsehoods: Strategies for Polite Misinformation Correction. International Journal of Communication 16 (2022), 22.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Pranav Malhotra. 2023. Bounded Social Media Places. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Washington."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Misinformation in WhatsApp family groups: Generational perceptions and correction considerations in a Meso-news space. Digital journalism 12, 5","author":"Malhotra Pranav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pranav Malhotra. 2024. Misinformation in WhatsApp family groups: Generational perceptions and correction considerations in a Meso-news space. Digital journalism 12, 5 (2024), 594--612."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2017.1334018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221103534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2011.641070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","first-page":"205630512211504","article-title":"Developing misinformation immunity: How to reason-check fallacious news in a human--computer interaction environment","volume":"9","author":"Musi Elena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Chris Reed, Simeon Yates, and Kay O'Halloran. 2023. Developing misinformation immunity: How to reason-check fallacious news in a human--computer interaction environment. Social Media Society 9, 1 (2023), 20563051221150407.","journal-title":"Social Media Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Hack the Pandemic: Lessons from How the Taiwan Government Embraced the Hacker Mindset to Embrace Digital Infrastructure and Subvert COVID-19. Available at SSRN 3690793","author":"Nabben Kelsie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelsie Nabben. 2020. Hack the Pandemic: Lessons from How the Taiwan Government Embraced the Hacker Mindset to Embrace Digital Infrastructure and Subvert COVID-19. Available at SSRN 3690793 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"News Report","author":"Newman Nic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T Robertson, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2023. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"Sheryl Ng and Taberez Neyazi. 2022. Self-and social corrections on instant messaging platforms. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/32630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"OCF. 2019. Who is Aunt Meiyu? Taiwanese youth found a new way to challenge fake news in pirvate chat group. https:\/\/g0v.news\/auntmeiyu-70294724df57"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3427228.3427275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"Hidden Virality and the Everyday Burden of Correcting WhatsApp Mis-and Disinformation","author":"Paris Britt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Britt Paris and Irene Pasquetto. 2024. Hidden Virality and the Everyday Burden of Correcting WhatsApp Mis-and Disinformation. Cambridge Studies on Governing Knowledge Commons (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2023.2289878"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"Irene V. Pasquetto Eaman Jahani Alla Baranovsky and Matthew A Baum. 2020. Understanding Misinformation on Mobile Instant Messengers (MIMs) in Developing Countries. Technical Report. Harvard Kennedy School Shorenstein Center on Media Politics and Public Policy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmac004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online. Nature 592, 7855","author":"Pennycook Gordon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gordon Pennycook, Ziv Epstein, Mohsen Mosleh, Antonio A Arechar, Dean Eckles, and David G Rand. 2021. Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online. Nature 592, 7855 (2021), 590--595."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","unstructured":"MediaWise Poynter Institute for Media Studies and YouGov. 2022. \"A Global Study on Information Literacy: Understanding generational behaviors and concerns around false and misleading information online\". Technical Report. Poynter Institute and YouGov. https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/A-Global-Study-on-Information-Literacy-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292522.3326029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"Erica Anita Baptista, and Vanessa Veiga de Oliveira","author":"Rossini Patr\u00edcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcia Rossini, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, Erica Anita Baptista, and Vanessa Veiga de Oliveira. 2021. Dysfunctional information sharing on WhatsApp and Facebook: The role of political talk, cross-cutting exposure and social corrections. New media & society 23, 8 (2021), 2430--2451."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1","author":"Niksirat Kavous Salehzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kavous Salehzadeh Niksirat, Diana Korka, Hamza Harkous, K\u00e9vin Huguenin, and Mauro Cherubini. 2023. On the potential of mediation chatbots for mitigating multiparty privacy conflicts-a wizard-of-Oz study. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (2023), 1--33."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3520495.3520503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3520495.3520503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820925041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292522.3326012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"How do people judge the credibility of algorithmic sources? Ai & Society","author":"Shin Donghee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donghee Shin. 2022. How do people judge the credibility of algorithmic sources? Ai & Society (2022), 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.1700826"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Doing qualitative research","author":"Silverman David","unstructured":"David Silverman. 2013. Doing qualitative research (Fourth edi)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"The MAIN model: A heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility","author":"Sundar S Shyam","unstructured":"S Shyam Sundar. 2008. The MAIN model: A heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility. MacArthur Foundation Digital Media and Learning Initiative Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","volume-title":"Audiences' acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New media & society 20, 8","author":"Tandoc Edson C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edson C Tandoc Jr, Richard Ling, Oscar Westlund, Andrew Duffy, Debbie Goh, and Lim Zheng Wei. 2018. Audiences' acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New media & society 20, 8 (2018), 2745--2763."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Cognitive Psychology. 1--40","author":"Usuki K","year":"2018","unstructured":"K Usuki, S Kato, Y Ozawa, and Y Kato. 2018. Negative emotions arising with inability to reply quickly in LINE group communication: Effects of group type and read message status on the time until negative emotions occur. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Cognitive Psychology. 1--40."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The Personal Is the Political? What Do WhatsApp Users Share and How It Matters for News Knowledge, Polarization and Participation in Chile","volume":"9","author":"Valenzuela Sebasti\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sebasti\u00e1n Valenzuela, Ingrid Bachmann, and Mat\u00edas Bargste. 2021. The Personal Is the Political? What Do WhatsApp Users Share and How It Matters for News Knowledge, Polarization and Participation in Chile. Taylor & Francis 9, 2 (2021), 155--175. https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21670811.2019.1693904","journal-title":"Taylor & Francis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","volume-title":"Know-It-All Robot Shuts Down Dubious Family Texts. Wall Street Journal (Feb","author":"Wang Joyu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joyu Wang and Chuin-Wei Yap. 2019. Know-It-All Robot Shuts Down Dubious Family Texts. Wall Street Journal (Feb. 2019). https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/know-it-all-robot-shuts-down-dubious-family-texts-11551370040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820931017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","unstructured":"Chee-Hann Wu. 2023. Three Musketeers against Mis\/disinformation: Assessing Citizen-led Fact-checking Practices in Taiwan. https:\/\/taiwaninsight.org\/2023\/03\/31\/three-musketeers-against-mis-disinformation-assessing-citizenled-fact-checking-practices-in-taiwan\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","volume-title":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions 30 years later: A study of Taiwan and the United States. Intercultural communication studies 15, 1","author":"Wu.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ming-YiWu. 2006. Hofstede's cultural dimensions 30 years later: A study of Taiwan and the United States. Intercultural communication studies 15, 1 (2006), 33."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2024.2314582"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00899--3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","volume-title":"Safe spaces? Grounding political talk in WhatsApp groups. new media & society","author":"Zhu Qinfeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qinfeng Zhu, Marc Esteve-Del-Valle, and Julia K Meyer. 2022. Safe spaces? Grounding political talk in WhatsApp groups. new media & society (2022), 14614448221136080."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3701189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3701189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T14:24:30Z","timestamp":1755872670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3701189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3701189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3701189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}