{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T19:07:11Z","timestamp":1763665631353,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Nature et technologies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Documentation enables sharing knowledge between the developers of a technology and its users. Creating quality documents, however, is challenging: Documents must satisfy the needs of a large audience without being overwhelming for individuals. We address this challenge with a new document format named Casdoc. Casdoc documents are interactive resources centered around code examples for programmers. Explanations of the code elements are presented as annotations that the readers reveal based on their needs. We evaluated Casdoc in a field study with over 300 participants who used 126 documents as part of a software design course. During the study, the majority of participants adopted Casdoc instead of a baseline format and used interactive annotations to reveal additional information about the code example. Although participants collectively viewed the majority of the documents\u2019 content, they individually revealed a minority of the annotations they saw. We gathered insights into five aspects of Casdoc that can be applied to other formats and highlighted five lessons learned to improve navigability in online documents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3702976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T16:29:38Z","timestamp":1730824178000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-Linear Software Documentation with Interactive Code Examples"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0211-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nassif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0248-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin P.","family":"Robillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2890652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.10.014"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2021.3090978","article-title":"A Data-Centric Study of Software Tutorial Design","volume":"39","author":"Arya Deeksha M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deeksha M. Arya, Mathieu Nassif, and Martin P. Robillard. 2020. A Data-Centric Study of Software Tutorial Design. IEEE Software 39, 3 (2020), 106\u2013115.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2865119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"14 pages","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"B\u00e4uerle Alex","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alex B\u00e4uerle, \u00c1ngel Alexander Cabrera, Fred Hohman, Megan Maher, David Koski, Xavier Suau, Titus Barik, and Dominik Moritz. 2022. Symphony: Composing Interactive Interfaces for Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 210, 14 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Python Cookbook: Recipes for Mastering Python 3","author":"Beazley David","year":"2013","unstructured":"David Beazley and Brian K. Jones. 2013. Python Cookbook: Recipes for Mastering Python 3 (3rd ed.). O\u2019Reilly Media.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09758-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387940.3391485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2337223.2337316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John M. Carroll Penny L. Smith-Kerker James R. Ford and Sandra A. Mazur-Rimetz. 1987. The Minimal Manual. Human-Computer Interaction 3 2 (1987) 123\u2013153.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0302_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","author":"Chen Xiaofan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiaofan Chen and John Grundy. 2011. Improving Automated Documentation to Code Traceability by Combining Retrieval Techniques. In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, 223\u2013232."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","author":"Chi Pei-Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pei-Yu Chi, Sally Ahn, Amanda Ren, Mira Dontcheva, Wilmot Li, and Bj\u00f6rn Hartmann. 2012. MixT: Automatic Generation of Step-ty-Step Mixed Media Tutorials. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 93\u2013102."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond","author":"Clements Paul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul Clements, Felix Bachmann, Len Bass, David Garlan, James Ivers, Reed Little, Paulo Merson, Nord Robert, and Judith Stafford. 2010. Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Assessing the Alignment between the Information Needs of Developers and the Documentation of Programming Languages: A Case Study on Rust","volume":"32","author":"Cogo Filipe Roseiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Filipe Roseiro Cogo, Xin Xia, and E. Hassan Ahmed. 2023. Assessing the Alignment between the Information Needs of Developers and the Documentation of Programming Languages: A Case Study on Rust. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 32, 2 (2023), Article 43, 48 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(89)90019-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09863-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Dragicevic Pierre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pierre Dragicevic, Yvonne Jansen, Abhraneel Sarma, Matthew Kay, and Fanny Chevalier. 2019. Increasing the Transparency of Research Papers with Explorable Multiverse Analyses. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 65, 15 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2337223.2337255"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-023-10347-2","article-title":"A Study of Documentation for Software Architecture","volume":"28","author":"Ernst Neil A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neil A. Ernst and Martin P. Robillard. 2023. A Study of Documentation for Software Architecture. Empirical Software Engineering 28, 5 (2023), Article 122, 23 pages.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"I Know What You Are Searching for: Code Snippet Recommendation from Stack Overflow Posts","volume":"32","author":"Gao Zhipeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhipeng Gao, Xin Xia, David Lo, John Grundy, Xindong Zhang, and Zhenchang Xing. 2023. I Know What You Are Searching for: Code Snippet Recommendation from Stack Overflow Posts. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 32, 3 (2023), Article 80, 42 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-018-9333-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"John Gruber. 2004. Daring Fireball: Markdown. Retrieved August 11 2023 from Retrieved from https:\/\/daringfireball.net\/projects\/markdown\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Head Andrew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrew Head, Jason Jiang, James Smith, Marti A. Hearst, and Bj\u00f6rn Hartmann. 2020. Composing Flexibly-Organized Step-by-Step Tutorials from Linked Source Code, Snippets, and Outputs. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 669, 12 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180176","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 40th International Conference on Software Engineering","author":"Head Andrew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andrew Head, Caitlin Sadowski, Emerson Murphy-Hill, and Andrea Knight. 2018. When Not to Comment: Questions and Tradeoffs with API Documentation for C++ Projects. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 40th International Conference on Software Engineering, 643\u2013653."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Head Andrew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrew Head, Amber Xie, and Marti A. Hearst. 2022. Math Augmentation: How Authors Enhance the Readability of Formulas using Novel Visual Design Practices. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 491, 18 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23915\/distill.00028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/772047.772050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Horvath Amber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amber Horvath, Michael Xieyang Liu, River Hendriksen, Connor Shannon, Emma Paterson, Kazi Jawad, Andrew Macvean, and Brad A Myers. 2022. Understanding How Programmers Can Use Annotations on Documentation. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 69, 16 pages."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Correlating Automated and Human Evaluation of Code Documentation Generation Quality","volume":"31","author":"Hu Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing Hu, Qiuyuan Chen, Haoye Wang, Xin Xia, David Lo, and Thomas Zimmermann. 2022. Correlating Automated and Human Evaluation of Code Documentation Generation Quality. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, 4 (2022), Article 63, 28 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2332226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2006.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/851042.857036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468582"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"4485","article-title":"API-Related Developer Information Needs in Stack Overflow","volume":"48","author":"Liu Mingwei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mingwei Liu, Xin Peng, Andrian Marcus, Shuangshuang Xing, Christoph Treude, and Chengyuan Zhao. 2021. API-Related Developer Information Needs in Stack Overflow. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 48, 11 (2021), 4485\u20134500.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","author":"Liu Mingwei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mingwei Liu, Xin Peng, Andrian Marcus, Zhenchang Xing, Wenkai Xie, Shuangshuang Xing, and Yang Liu. 2019. Generating Query-Specific Class API Summaries. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, 120\u2013130."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"R Cookbook: Proven Recipes for Data Analysis, Statistics & Graphics","author":"Long J. D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. D. Long and Paul Teetor. 2019. R Cookbook: Proven Recipes for Data Analysis, Statistics & Graphics (2nd ed.). O\u2019Reilly Media.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2013.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2622669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9501-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Masson Damien","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damien Masson, Sylvain Malacria, G\u00e9ry Casiez, and Daniel Vogel. 2023. Charagraph: Interactive Generation of Charts for Realtime Annotation of Data-Rich Paragraphs. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 146, 18 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Masson Damien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damien Masson, Sylvain Malacria, Edward Lank, and G\u00e9ry Casiez. 2020. Chameleon: Bringing Interactivity to Static Digital Documents. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 432, 13 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2325296.2325335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.111144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance","author":"Nasehi Seyed Mehdi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seyed Mehdi Nasehi, Jonathan Sillito, Frank Maurer, and Chris Burns. 2012. What Makes a Good Code Example? A Study of Programming Q & A in StackOverflow. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, 25\u201334."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3087087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1145\/3524610.3527875","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension","author":"Nassif Mathieu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathieu Nassif, Zara Horlacher, and Martin P. Robillard. 2022. Casdoc: Unobtrusive Explanations in Code Examples. In Proceedings of the 30th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension, 631\u2013635."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Nassif Mathieu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mathieu Nassif and Martin P. Robillard. 2023. A Field Study of Developer Documentation Format. In Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 7, 7 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208664","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Oney Stephen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stephen Oney and Joel Brandt. 2012. Codelets: Linking Interactive Documentation and Example Code in the Editor. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2697\u20132706."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","first-page":"577","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution","author":"Ponzanelli Luca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luca Ponzanelli, Gabriele Bavota, Massimiliano Di Penta, Rocco Oliveto, and Michele Lanza. 2014. Prompter: A Self-Confident Recommender System. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, 577\u2013580."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Daniele Procida. 2017. Di\u00e1taxis Documentation Framework. Retrieved August 11 2023 from Retrieved from https:\/\/diataxis.fr\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"880","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","author":"Reinhardt Anastasia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anastasia Reinhardt, Tianyi Zhang, Mihir Mathur, and Miryung Kim. 2018. Augmenting Stack Overflow with API Usage Patterns Mined from GitHub. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, 880\u2013883."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97899-0","volume-title":"Introduction to Software Design with Java","author":"Robillard Martin P.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martin P. Robillard. 2022. Introduction to Software Design with Java (2nd ed.). Springer.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-010-9150-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-015-9379-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Toward an Objective Measure of Developers\u2019 Cognitive Activities","volume":"30","author":"Sharafi Zohreh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zohreh Sharafi, Yu Huang, Kevin Leach, and Westley Weimer. 2021. Toward an Objective Measure of Developers\u2019 Cognitive Activities. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, 3 (2021), Article 30, 40 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2008.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Sterman Sarah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarah Sterman, Molly Jane Nicholas, Janaki Vivrekar, Jessica R. Mindel, and Eric Paulos. 2023. Kaleidoscope: A Reflective Documentation Tool for a User Interface Design Course. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 702, 19 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution","author":"Sun Jiamou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiamou Sun, Zhenchang Xing, Rui Chu, Heilai Bai, Jinshui Wang, and Xin Peng. 2019. Know-How in Programming Tasks: From Textual Tutorials to Task-Oriented Knowledge Graph. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, 257\u2013268."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985745","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Teevan Jaime","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jaime Teevan, Christine Alvarado, Mark S. Ackerman, and David R. Karger. 2004. The Perfect Search Engine Is Not Enough: A Study of Orienteering Behavior in Directed Search. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 415\u2013422."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2387172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2014.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"Bret Victor. 2011. Explorable Explanations. Retrieved August 11 2023 from Retrieved from http:\/\/worrydream.com\/ExplorableExplanations\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"Bret Victor. 2012. Learnable Programming. Retrieved August 11 2023 from Retrieved from http:\/\/worrydream.com\/LearnableProgramming\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"XCoS: Explainable Code Search Based on Query Scoping and Knowledge Graph","volume":"32","author":"Wang Chong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chong Wang, Xin Peng, Zhenchang Xing, Yue Zhang, Mingwei Liu, Rong Luo, and Xiujie Meng. 2023. XCoS: Explainable Code Search Based on Query Scoping and Knowledge Graph. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 32, 6 (2023), Article 140, 28 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","first-page":"512","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","author":"Wong-Aitken David","year":"2022","unstructured":"David Wong-Aitken, Diana Cukierman, and Parmit K. Chilana. 2022. \u201cIt Depends on Whether or Not I\u2019m Lucky\u201d How Students in an Introductory Programming Course Discover, Select, and Assess the Utility of Web-Based Resources. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, 512\u2013518."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Retrieving API Knowledge from Tutorials and Stack Overflow Based on Natural Language Queries","volume":"32","author":"Wu Di","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Wu, Xiao-Yuan Jing, Hongyu Zhang, Yang Feng, Haowen Chen, Yuming Zhou, and Baowen Xu. 2023. Retrieving API Knowledge from Tutorials and Stack Overflow Based on Natural Language Queries. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 32, 5 (2023), Article 109, 36 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2600428.2609626"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Are Comments on Stack Overflow Well Organized for Easy Retrieval by Developers?","volume":"30","author":"Zhang Haoxiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haoxiang Zhang, Shaowei Wang, Tse-Hsun (Peter) Chen, and Ahmed E. Hassan. 2021. Are Comments on Stack Overflow Well Organized for Easy Retrieval by Developers? ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, 2 (2021), Article 22, 31 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.02.015"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3702976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3702976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:18:04Z","timestamp":1750295884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3702976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3702976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3702976","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1049-331X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7392"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}