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Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposes the concept of an adjacent two-end or multi-end link of a software-defined network to support the transmission of data from electroencephalogram as well as audio and video streaming through spread spectrum communications. Instead of solving the problem of the software-defined scheme of prioritization in networking-related calculation and communication, we identify the southbound\u2013northbound structure of current neural or informational networks in control and perceptual interactions. The proposed framework of multi-lead and multi-media structures allows the human-centric metaverse to execute different operations for local and global planning schemes based on the transmission of high-speed lead or media-related data through spread spectrum streaming. This depends on the kind of brain\u2013computer interaction and is similar to the system of multi-modal perception in routing or switching. First, we design the field-programmable gate array for conventional routing nodes used in computation by different neural networks. Second, we demonstrate its enhanced applicability with a software core for multiple routers in the computational power network of the Internet of Brains in different brain\u2013computer smart terminals. The results of simulations verified the benefits of the proposed model and structure and revealed a variety of important operational indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3703913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T16:37:04Z","timestamp":1731429424000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SD-Meta: The Software-Defined Network of Human-Centric Metaverse for Multi-Lead or Multi-Media Data in Spread Spectrum Communications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6965-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8678-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingze","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2983-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3624981"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"P300 brain-computer interface-based drone control in virtual and augmented reality","volume":"21","author":"Kim Soram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soram Kim, Seungyun Lee, Hyunsuk Kang, Siom Kim, and Minkyu Ahn (2021) P300 brain-computer interface-based drone control in virtual and augmented reality. 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