{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T18:36:01Z","timestamp":1770143761891,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":46,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3704268.3742703","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:44:47Z","timestamp":1756313087000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BioReadNet: A Transformer-Driven Hybrid Model for Target Audience-Aware Biomedical Text Readability Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7037-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anya Amel Nait","family":"Djoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, LIS, Marseille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Bellot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, LIS, Marseille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4680-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian-Gabriel","family":"Chifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, LIS, Marseille, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJEGR.2019010105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00909-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01920-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"9002","article-title":"The accuracy of readability formulas in health content: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Carter BU","year":"2024","unstructured":"BU Carter, K Nayak, and I Vembenil. 2024. The accuracy of readability formulas in health content: a systematic review. J Health Commun 9 (2024), 9002.","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Actes de la 29e Conf\u00e9rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles.","author":"Sheang Kim Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim Cheng Sheang, Ana\u00efs Koptient, Natalia Grabar, and Horacio Saggion. 2022. Identification of complex words and passages in medical documents in French. In Actes de la 29e Conf\u00e9rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Volume 1: conf\u00e9rence principale, Yannick Est\u00e8ve, Tania Jim\u00e9nez, Titouan Parcollet, and Marcely Zanon Boito (Eds.). ATALA, Avignon, France, 116--125. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2022.jeptalnrecital-taln.11\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/itl.165.2.01col"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538068.2020.1822726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Linguistic features for readability assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.00377","author":"Deutsch Tovly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tovly Deutsch, Masoud Jasbi, and Stuart Shieber. 2020. Linguistic features for readability assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.00377 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies","volume":"1","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, volume 1 (long and short papers). 4171--4186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72240-1_68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health online 2013","volume":"2013","author":"Fox Susannah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Susannah Fox and Maeve Duggan. 2013. Health online 2013. Health 2013 (2013), 1--55.","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of TALN 2014 (Volume 2: Short Papers). 467--472","author":"Fran\u00e7ois Thomas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomas Fran\u00e7ois, Laetitia Brouwers, Hubert Naets, and C\u00e9drick Fairon. 2014. AMesure: a readability formula for administrative texts (AMESURE: une plateforme de lisibilit\u00e9 pour les textes administratifs)[in French]. In Proceedings of TALN 2014 (Volume 2: Short Papers). 467--472."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"The 2nd International Workshop on Natural Language Understanding and Cognitive Science","volume":"2","author":"Gawronska Barbara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barbara Gawronska and Bj\u00f6rn Erlendsson. 2005. Syntactic, Semantic and Referential Patterns in Biomedical Texts: towards in-depth text comprehension for the purpose of bioinformatics. In The 2nd International Workshop on Natural Language Understanding and Cognitive Science, Vol. 2. SCITEPRESS, 68--77."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th international conference on computational linguistics: Technical papers. 334--344","author":"Gonzalez-Dios Itziar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Itziar Gonzalez-Dios, Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas Aranzabe, Arantza D\u00edaz de Ilarraza, and Haritz Salaberri. 2014. Simple or complex? assessing the readability of basque texts. In Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th international conference on computational linguistics: Technical papers. 334--344."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natalia Grabar and R\u00e9mi Cardon. 2018. Clear-simple corpus for medical french. In ATA.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-7002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"The technique of clear writing. (No Title)","author":"Gunning Robert","year":"1952","unstructured":"Robert Gunning. 1952. The technique of clear writing. (No Title) (1952)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"BERT embeddings for automatic readability assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.07935","author":"Imperial Joseph Marvin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joseph Marvin Imperial. 2021. BERT embeddings for automatic readability assessment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.07935 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Cahiers Etudes de Radio-T\u00e9l\u00e9vision 19","author":"Kandel Liliane","year":"1958","unstructured":"Liliane Kandel and Abraham Moles. 1958. Application de l'indice de Flesch \u00e0 la langue fran\u00e7aise. Cahiers Etudes de Radio-T\u00e9l\u00e9vision 19, 1958 (1958), 253--274."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING","author":"Kelious Abdelhak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelhak Kelious, Matthieu Constant, and Christophe Coeur. 2024. Complex word identification: A comparative study between ChatGPT and a dedicated model for this task. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024). 3645--3653."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings","volume":"2007","author":"Kim Hyeoneui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hyeoneui Kim, Sergey Goryachev, Graciela Rosemblat, Allen Browne, Alla Keselman, and Qing Zeng-Treitler. 2007. Beyond surface characteristics: a new health text-specific readability measurement. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2007. 418."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Richard L Rogers, and Brad S Chissom.","author":"Kincaid J Peter","year":"1975","unstructured":"J Peter Kincaid, Robert P Fishburne Jr, Richard L Rogers, and Brad S Chissom. 1975. Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel. (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Yoo Sung Jang, and Jason Hyung-Jong Lee","author":"Lee Bruce W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bruce W Lee, Yoo Sung Jang, and Jason Hyung-Jong Lee. 2021. Pushing on text readability assessment: A transformer meets handcrafted linguistic features. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.12258 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.bea-1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings","volume":"2006","author":"Leroy Gondy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gondy Leroy, Evren Eryilmaz, and Benjamin T Laroya. 2006. Health information text characteristics. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2006. 479."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings","volume":"2008","author":"Leroy Gondy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gondy Leroy, Stephen Helmreich, James R Cowie, Trudi Miller, and Wei Zheng. 2008. Evaluating online health information: Beyond readability formulas. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2008. 394."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Readability controllable biomedical document summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.04705","author":"Luo Zheheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheheng Luo, Qianqian Xie, and Sophia Ananiadou. 2022. Readability controllable biomedical document summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.04705 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"639","article-title":"SMOG grading-a new readability formula","volume":"12","author":"Laughlin G Harry Mc","year":"1969","unstructured":"G Harry Mc Laughlin. 1969. SMOG grading-a new readability formula. Journal of reading 12, 8 (1969), 639--646.","journal-title":"Journal of reading"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1166160.1166190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.bionlp-1.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language andSpeech Processing(ICNLSP2023)","author":"Uluslu Ahmet Yavuz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmet Yavuz Uluslu. 2023. Exploring Hybrid Linguistic Features for Turkish Text Readability. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language andSpeech Processing(ICNLSP2023), MouradAbbas and AbedAlhakim Freihat (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 223--232. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2023.icnlsp-1.22\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-0535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2390384.2390404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Rodrigo Wilkens David Alfter Xiaoou Wang Alice Pintard Ana\u00efs Tack Kevin P. Yancey and Thomas Fran\u00e7ois. 2022. FABRA: French Aggregator-Based Readability Assessment toolkit. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference Nicoletta Calzolari Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric B\u00e9chet Philippe Blache Khalid Choukri Christopher Cieri Thierry Declerck Sara Goggi Hitoshi Isahara Bente Maegaard Joseph Mariani H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Mazo Jan Odijk and Stelios Piperidis (Eds.). European Language Resources Association Marseille France 1217--1233. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2022.lrec-1.130\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Applying multiple methods to assess the readability of a large corpus of medical documents. Studies in health technology and informatics 192","author":"Wu Danny TY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Danny TY Wu, David A Hanauer, Qiaozhu Mei, Patricia M Clark, Lawrence C An, Jianbo Lei, Joshua Proulx, Qing Zeng-Treitler, and Kai Zheng. 2013. Applying multiple methods to assess the readability of a large corpus of medical documents. Studies in health technology and informatics 192 (2013), 647."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Text readability assessment for second language learners. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.07580","author":"Xia Menglin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menglin Xia, Ekaterina Kochmar, and Ted Briscoe. 2019. Text readability assessment for second language learners. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.07580 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6962"}],"event":{"name":"DocEng '25: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2025","location":"Nottingham United Kingdom","acronym":"DocEng '25","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3704268.3742703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T18:25:50Z","timestamp":1760466350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3704268.3742703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3704268.3742703","10.1145\/3704268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3704268.3742703","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}