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Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging Zoned Namespace (ZNS) provides hosts with fine-grained, performance-predictable storage management. ZNS organizes the address space into zones composed of fixed-size, sequentially written, non-overwritable blocks, making it suitable for log-structured file systems. However, our experimental analysis reveals that ZNS\u2019s write restrictions introduce notable persistence overhead. Firstly, out-of-place updates of data blocks require frequent small modifications to file metadata blocks, which are typically much smaller than a block, to record the latest logical block address. Secondly, some files, such as databases\u2019 Write-Ahead Logging files, frequently execute synchronous small writes, with I\/O sizes typically smaller than a logical block. The persistence of these file metadata and file data requires writing back the entire block even if it is only partially updated. This significantly increases the I\/O latency and potentially reduces device lifespan.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            This article proposes\n            <jats:italic>exZNS<\/jats:italic>\n            , an innovative extension of ZNS, designed to provide both regular zones and\n            <jats:italic>byte-loggable zones<\/jats:italic>\n            . By exposing the persistent write buffer of the opened zones on the device to the application, the byte-loggable zone allows for appending at byte granularity through a new set of APIs. To reduce the persistence overhead described above, we built\n            <jats:italic>exBlzFS<\/jats:italic>\n            , a novel high-performance file system for exZNS. exBlzFS selectively records the partial updates of metadata blocks to the byte-loggable zone to ensure metadata persistence, and persists file data to the byte-loggable zone at byte granularity to absorb the frequent small writes. Evaluations show that exBlzFS increases the IOPS of RocksDB by 42.7% and 76.3%, and reduces the device\u2019s write traffic by 86% and 94%, compared with BlzFS and F2FS, respectively.\n            <jats:xref ref-type=\"fn\">\n              <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n            <\/jats:xref>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3705318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T11:04:07Z","timestamp":1732100647000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["exZNS: Extending Zoned Namespace to Support Byte-loggable Zones"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0484-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4499-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1458-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4674-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Techonolgy, Wuhan, China, wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"2021. 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