{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:48:44Z","timestamp":1779295724024,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation DFG"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021130","name":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Federal Aviation Research Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            With the increasing performance of text-to-speech systems and their generated voices indistinguishable from natural human speech, the use of these systems for robots raises ethical and safety concerns. A robot with a natural voice could increase trust, which might result in over-reliance despite evidence for robot unreliability. To estimate the influence of a robot\u2019s voice on trust and compliance, we design a study that consists of two experiments. In a pre-study (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(N_{1}=60\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) the most suitable natural and mechanical voice for the main study are estimated and selected for the main study. Afterward, in the main study (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(N_{2}=68\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ), the influence of a robot\u2019s voice on trust and compliance is evaluated in a cooperative game of Battleship with a robot as an assistant. During the experiment, the acceptance of the robot\u2019s advice and response time are measured, which indicate trust and compliance, respectively. The results show that participants expect robots to sound human-like and that a robot with a natural voice is perceived as safer. Additionally, a natural voice can affect compliance. Despite repeated incorrect advice, the participants are more likely to rely on the robot with the natural voice. The results do not show a direct effect on trust. Natural voices provide increased intelligibility, and while they can increase compliance with the robot, the results indicate that natural voices might not lead to over-reliance. The results highlight the importance of incorporating voices into the design of social robots to improve communication, avoid adverse effects, and increase acceptance and adoption in society.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3706066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T16:29:56Z","timestamp":1732811396000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Influence of Robots\u2019 Voice Naturalness on Trust and Compliance"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5413-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Braach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0216-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Clasmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5717-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2660-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4761-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyra","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2986-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor","family":"G\u00e4de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7858-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Strahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1343-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Wermter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mti6070051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01393"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11199165"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2021-0029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342775.3342806"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3181671"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2009.5349371"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.733504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-021-00780-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223456"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359325"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","author":"Cameron David","year":"2015","unstructured":"David Cameron, Jonathan M Aitken, Emily C Collins, Luke Boorman, Adriel Chua, Samuel Fernando, Owen McAree, Uriel Martinez-Hernandez, and James Law. 2015. 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