{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:53:24Z","timestamp":1776117204546,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":109,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Google.org"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713362","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:33:32Z","timestamp":1745465612000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["\"Kya family planning after marriage hoti hai?\": Integrating Cultural Sensitivity in an LLM Chatbot for Reproductive Health"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9606-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshini","family":"Deva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8944-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9145-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanvi","family":"Divate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myna Mahila Foundation, Mumbai, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhani","family":"Jalota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azra","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahyar Abbasian Elahe Khatibi Iman Azimi David Oniani Zahra Shakeri Hossein\u00a0Abad Alexander Thieme Ram Sriram Zhongqi Yang Yanshan Wang Bryant Lin et\u00a0al. 2024. Foundation metrics for evaluating effectiveness of healthcare conversations powered by generative AI. NPJ Digital Medicine 7 1 (2024) 82.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01074-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Chadia Abras Diane Maloney-Krichmar Jenny Preece et\u00a0al. 2004. User-centered design. Bainbridge W. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications 37 4 (2004) 445\u2013456."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Abreu G Murimwa E Farah L Zhang J Rodriguez H Zeh and P Polanco. 2024. Utilization of artificial intelligence chatbots to mitigate health literacy disparities. HPB 26 (2024) S772\u2013S773.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2024.04.360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Muhammad\u00a0Farid Adilazuarda Sagnik Mukherjee Pradhyumna Lavania Siddhant Singh Alham\u00a0Fikri Aji Jacki O\u2019Neill Ashutosh Modi and Monojit Choudhury. 2024. Towards Measuring and Modeling \"Culture\" in LLMs: A Survey. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2403.15412\u00a0[cs.CY] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.15412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syed\u00a0M Ahmed Jeanne\u00a0P Lemkau Nichol Nealeigh and Barbara Mann. 2001. Barriers to healthcare access in a non-elderly urban poor American population. Health & social care in the community 9 6 (2001) 445\u2013453.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarek Ait\u00a0Baha Mohamed El\u00a0Hajji Youssef Es-Saady and Hammou Fadili. 2023. The power of personalization: A systematic review of personality-adaptive chatbots. SN Computer Science 4 5 (2023) 661.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02092-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/AAI29258183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manal Almalki and Fahad Azeez. 2020. Health chatbots for fighting COVID-19: a scoping review. Acta Informatica Medica 28 4 (2020) 241.","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2020.28.241-247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tim Althoff Kevin Clark and Jure Leskovec. 2016. Large-scale analysis of counseling conversations: An application of natural language processing to mental health. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (2016) 463\u2013476.","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurie\u00a0M Anderson Susan\u00a0C Scrimshaw Mindy\u00a0T Fullilove Jonathan\u00a0E Fielding Jacques Normand Task\u00a0Force on Community Preventive\u00a0Services et\u00a0al. 2003. Culturally competent healthcare systems: A systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine 24 3 (2003) 68\u201379.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00657-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria del\u00a0Pilar Arias\u00a0L\u00f3pez Bradley\u00a0A Ong Xavier Borrat\u00a0Frigola Ariel\u00a0L Fern\u00e1ndez Rachel\u00a0S Hicklent Arianne\u00a0JT Obeles Aubrey\u00a0M Rocimo and Leo\u00a0A Celi. 2023. Digital literacy as a new determinant of health: A scoping review. PLOS Digital Health 2 10 (2023) e0000279.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Thomas\u00a0Bavo Azongo and Abdulai Abubakari. 2014. Complementary or Contradictory? Role of diviners in healthcare delivery in Ghana: Implications and consequences. (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Somnath Banerjee Sayan Layek Hari Shrawgi Rajarshi Mandal Avik Halder Shanu Kumar Sagnik Basu Parag Agrawal Rima Hazra and Animesh Mukherjee. 2024. Navigating the Cultural Kaleidoscope: A Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to Sensitivity in Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.12880 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghazala Bilquise Samar Ibrahim and Khaled Shaalan. 2022. Emotionally intelligent chatbots: a systematic literature review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2022 1 (2022) 9601630.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9601630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Cascella Jonathan Montomoli Valentina Bellini and Elena Bignami. 2023. Evaluating the feasibility of ChatGPT in healthcare: an analysis of multiple clinical and research scenarios. Journal of medical systems 47 1 (2023) 33.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alison Cerezo Sesame Ching and Amaranta Ramirez. 2023. Healthcare access and health-related cultural norms in a community sample of Black and Latinx sexual minority gender expansive women. Journal of Homosexuality 70 5 (2023) 782\u2013805.","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2021.1999123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamin Chaix Jean-Emmanuel Bibault Arthur Pienkowski Guillaume Delamon Arthur Guillemass\u00e9 Pierre Nectoux Beno\u00eet Brouard et\u00a0al. 2019. When chatbots meet patients: one-year prospective study of conversations between patients with breast cancer and a chatbot. JMIR cancer 5 1 (2019) e12856.","DOI":"10.2196\/12856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ana\u00a0Paula Chaves Jesse Egbert Toby Hocking Eck Doerry and Marco\u00a0Aurelio Gerosa. 2022. Chatbots Language Design: The Influence of Language Variation on User Experience with Tourist Assistant Chatbots. 29 2 (2022). 10.1145\/3487193","DOI":"10.1145\/3487193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan Chen Yuying Zhang Stephanie Choi Dan Nguyen and Nikki\u00a0A Levin. 2023. The chatbots are coming: Risks and benefits of consumer-facing artificial intelligence in clinical dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 89 4 (2023) 872\u2013874.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyungyong Chung and Roy\u00a0C Park. 2019. Chatbot-based heathcare service with a knowledge base for cloud computing. Cluster Computing 22 (2019) 1925\u20131937.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-2334-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11762-6_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebecca\u00a0J Cook and Bernard\u00a0M Dickens. 2014. Reducing stigma in reproductive health. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 125 1 (2014) 89\u201392.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Pieter\u00a0F Craffert. 1997. Opposing world views: the border guards between traditional and biomedical health care practices. South African Journal of Ethnology 20 1 (1997) 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerstin Denecke Alaa Abd-Alrazaq Mowafa Househ and Jim Warren. 2021. Evaluation metrics for health chatbots: a Delphi study. Methods of information in medicine 60 05\/06 (2021) 171\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1736664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60735-7_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humira Ehrari Lise Tordrup and Sune M\u00fcller. 2022. The digital divide in healthcare: A socio-cultural perspective of digital literacy. (2022).","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2022.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Cristina Espinosa-Heywood and Richa Karki. 2019. Breaking Taboos: Menstruation Female Subordination and Reproductive Health the case of India. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pipit Feriani Esti Yunitasari Ferry Efendi Ilya Krisnana Rini Ernawati Niken\u00a0A Tianingrum and Nurus Safaah. 2024. A systematic review of determinants influencing family planning and contraceptive use. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 29 5 (2024) 596\u2013607.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.ijnmr_321_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2019.8925433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindhuja Giritharan. 2020. Socio-cultural perspectives challenges and approaches to sexual health in the Indian subcontinent. Cultural Differences and the Practice of Sexual Medicine: A Guide for Sexual Health Practitioners (2020) 39\u201361.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36222-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rachel\u00a0S Goodman J\u00a0Randall Patrinely Cosby\u00a0A Stone Eli Zimmerman Rebecca\u00a0R Donald Sam\u00a0S Chang Sean\u00a0T Berkowitz Avni\u00a0P Finn Eiman Jahangir Elizabeth\u00a0A Scoville et\u00a0al. 2023. Accuracy and reliability of chatbot responses to physician questions. JAMA network open 6 10 (2023) e2336483\u2013e2336483.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashley\u00a0C Griffin Saif Khairat Stacy\u00a0C Bailey and Arlene\u00a0E Chung. 2023. A chatbot for hypertension self-management support: user-centered design development and usability testing. JAMIA open 6 3 (2023) ooad073.","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derek\u00a0M Griffith Caroline\u00a0R Efird Monica\u00a0L Baskin Monica Webb\u00a0Hooper Rachel\u00a0E Davis and Ken Resnicow. 2024. Cultural sensitivity and cultural tailoring: Lessons learned and refinements after two decades of incorporating culture in health communication research. Annual Review of Public Health 45 1 (2024) 195\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-060722-031158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanna Habicht Sruthi Viswanathan Ben Carrington Tobias\u00a0U Hauser Ross Harper and Max Rollwage. 2024. Closing the accessibility gap to mental health treatment with a personalized self-referral Chatbot. Nature medicine 30 2 (2024) 595\u2013602.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02766-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marc Hassenzahl and Noam Tractinsky. 2006. User experience-a research agenda. Behaviour & information technology 25 2 (2006) 91\u201397.","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290500330331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger Heimg\u00e4rtner. 2013. Reflections on a Model of Culturally Influenced Human\u2013Computer Interaction to Cover Cultural Contexts in HCI Design. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 29 4 (2013) 205\u2013219. 10.1080\/10447318.2013.765761 arXiv:10.1080\/10447318.2013.765761","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.765761"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3335082.3335094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasper Hornb\u00e6k and Morten Hertzum. 2017. Technology acceptance and user experience: A review of the experiential component in HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 24 5 (2017) 1\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/3127358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tim Hulsen. 2023. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI 4 3 (2023) 652\u2013666. 10.3390\/ai4030034","DOI":"10.3390\/ai4030034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2018.00170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Youjin Hwang Donghoon Shin Sion Baek Bongwon Suh and Joonhwan Lee. 2021. Applying the persona of user\u2019s family member and the doctor to the conversational agents for healthcare. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2109.01729 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mla\u0111an Jovanovi\u0107 Marcos Baez and Fabio Casati. 2020. Chatbots as conversational healthcare services. IEEE Internet Computing 25 3 (2020) 44\u201351.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2020.3037151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genevieve\u00a0P Kanter and Eric\u00a0A Packel. 2023. Health care privacy risks of AI chatbots. JAMA (2023).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.9618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiyeong Kim Zhuo\u00a0Ran Cai Michael\u00a0L Chen Julia\u00a0F Simard and Eleni Linos. 2023. Assessing biases in medical decisions via clinician and AI chatbot responses to patient vignettes. JAMA Network Open 6 10 (2023) e2338050\u2013e2338050.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.38050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmet\u00a0Baki Kocaballi Shlomo Berkovsky Juan\u00a0C Quiroz Liliana Laranjo Huong\u00a0Ly Tong Dana Rezazadegan Agustina Briatore and Enrico Coiera. 2019. The personalization of conversational agents in health care: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research 21 11 (2019) e15360.","DOI":"10.2196\/15360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3639856.3639890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60114-0_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"Cheng Li Mengzhou Chen Jindong Wang Sunayana Sitaram and Xing Xie. 2024. Culturellm: Incorporating cultural differences into large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.10946 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"Huihan Li Liwei Jiang Nouha Dziri Xiang Ren and Yejin Choi. 2024. CULTURE-GEN: Revealing Global Cultural Perception in Language Models through Natural Language Prompting. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2404.10199 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jingquan Li. 2023. Security implications of AI chatbots in health care. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (2023) e47551.","DOI":"10.2196\/47551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun Li Shuaifang Liu Yiyan Wang Qinglin Wang and Jose Weng\u00a0Chou Wong. 2024. Should chatbots use dialects? Exploring the influence mechanism of chatbot language form on value co-creation intention. Current Issues in Tourism (2024) 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2024.2431520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RS Likith. 2024. Exploring Factors Influencing Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH)\u2014A Qualitative Study from Bengaluru India. Journal of Psychosexual Health 6 3 (2024) 235\u2013241.","DOI":"10.1177\/26318318241265822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu-li Liu Wenjia Yan Bo Hu Zhuoyang Li and Yik\u00a0Ling Lai. 2022. Effects of personalization and source expertise on users\u2019 health beliefs and usage intention toward health chatbots: Evidence from an online experiment. Digital Health 8 (2022) 20552076221129718.","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221129718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15231-3_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-6720-9.ch006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v18i1.31371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chisaki Miura Sinan Chen Sachio Saiki Masahide Nakamura and Kiyoshi Yasuda. 2022. Assisting personalized healthcare of elderly people: Developing a rule-based virtual caregiver system using mobile chatbot. Sensors 22 10 (2022) 3829.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tom Nadarzynski Alexandria Lunt Nicky Knights Jake Bayley and Carrie Llewellyn. 2023. \u201cBut can chatbots understand sex?\u201d Attitudes towards artificial intelligence chatbots amongst sexual and reproductive health professionals: An exploratory mixed-methods study. International journal of STD & AIDS 34 11 (2023) 809\u2013816.","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231180777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drashko Nakikj David Kreda and Nils Gehlenborg. 2023. Alerts and Collections for Automating Patients\u2019 Sensemaking and Organizing of Their Electronic Health Record Data for Reflection Planning and Clinical Visits: Qualitative Research-Through-Design Study. JMIR Human Factors 10 (2023) e41552.","DOI":"10.2196\/41552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutapa\u00a0Bandyopadhyay Neogi Preeti\u00a0H. Negandhi Abhijit Ganguli Sapna\u00a0B. Chopra Navraj Sandhu Ravi\u00a0Kant Gupta Sanjay\u00a0P. Zodpey Amarjeet Singh Arun Singh and Rakesh Gupta. 2015. Consumption of indigenous medicines by pregnant women in North India for selecting sex of the foetus: what can it lead to? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 15 (2015). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:17976817","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0647-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcia Ni\u00dfen Dominik R\u00fcegger Mirjam Stieger Christoph Fl\u00fcckiger Mathias Allemand Florian v Wangenheim and Tobias Kowatsch. 2022. The effects of health care chatbot personas with different social roles on the client-chatbot bond and usage intentions: development of a design codebook and web-based study. Journal of medical Internet research 24 4 (2022) e32630.","DOI":"10.2196\/32630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.vardial-1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2024. GPT-4 Technical Report. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICV62344.2024.00027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natalia O\u017cegalska-\u0141ukasik and Szymon \u0141ukasik. 2023. Culturally Responsive Artificial Intelligence \u2013 Problems Challenges and Solutions. Intercultural Relations 7 2(14) (Dec. 2023) 106\u2013119. 10.12797\/RM.02.2023.14.07","DOI":"10.12797\/RM.02.2023.14.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","unstructured":"Endang\u00a0Wahyu Pamungkas. 2019. Emotionally-aware chatbots: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1906.09774 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pritika Parmar Jina Ryu Shivani Pandya Jo\u00e3o Sedoc and Smisha Agarwal. 2022. Health-focused conversational agents in person-centered care: a review of apps. NPJ digital medicine 5 1 (2022) 21.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00560-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"Romana Pervez and Noreen Anjum. 2023. Systemic Barriers and Interventions in Healthcare for Underserved Communities: An Exploration of Health Disparities. Insights-Journal of Life and Social Sciences 1 2 (2023) 19\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shriti Raj Joyce\u00a0M Lee Ashley Garrity and Mark\u00a0W Newman. 2019. Clinical data in context: towards sensemaking tools for interpreting personal health data. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3 1 (2019) 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/3314409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","unstructured":"Ken Resnicow Tom Baranowski Jasjit Ahluwalia and R Braithwaite. 1999. Cultural Sensitivity in Public Health: Defined and Demystified. Ethnicity I& disease 9 (02 1999) 10\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"Ken Resnicow Tom Baranowski Jasjit\u00a0S Ahluwalia and Ronald\u00a0L Braithwaite. 1999. Cultural sensitivity in public health: defined and demystified. Ethnicity & disease 9 1 (1999) 10\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehri Robatjazi Masoumeh Simbar Fatemeh Nahidi Jaber Gharehdaghi Mohammadali Emamhadi Abou-Ali Vedadhir and Hamid Alavimajd. 2015. Virginity testing beyond a medical examination. Global journal of health science 8 7 (2015) 152.","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n7p152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicole Ruggiano Ellen\u00a0L Brown Lisa Roberts C\u00a0Victoria Framil\u00a0Suarez Yan Luo Zhichao Hao and Vagelis Hristidis. 2021. Chatbots to support people with dementia and their caregivers: systematic review of functions and quality. Journal of medical Internet research 23 6 (2021) e25006.","DOI":"10.2196\/25006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","first-page":"887","volume-title":"Healthcare","author":"Sallam Malik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malik Sallam. 2023. ChatGPT utility in healthcare education, research, and practice: systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns. In Healthcare , Vol.\u00a011. MDPI, 887."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reijo Savolainen. 1995. Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of \"way of life\". Library & information science research 17 3 (1995) 259\u2013294.","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-8188(95)90048-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reijo Savolainen and Leslie Thomson. 2022. Assessing the theoretical potential of an expanded model for everyday information practices. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 73 4 (2022) 511\u2013527.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennart Seitz. 2024. Artificial empathy in healthcare chatbots: Does it feel authentic? Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2 1 (2024) 100067.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2024.100067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","volume-title":"ICIS","author":"Seitz Lennart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lennart Seitz and Sigrid Bekmeier-Feuerhahn. 2021. Empathic Healthcare Chatbots: Comparing the Effects of Emotional Expression and Caring Behavior.. In ICIS."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","unstructured":"Tiana Sepahpour. 2020. Ethical considerations of Chatbot use for mental health support. Ph.\u00a0D. Dissertation. Johns Hopkins University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","unstructured":"Yeganeh Shahsavar and Avishek Choudhury. 2023. The role of AI chatbots in healthcare: A study on user intentions to utilize ChatGPT for self-diagnosis. JMIR Preprints (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642761"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","unstructured":"Weiyan Shi Ryan Li Yutong Zhang Caleb Ziems Raya Horesh Rog\u00e9rio\u00a0Abreu de Paula Diyi Yang et\u00a0al. 2024. Culturebank: An online community-driven knowledge base towards culturally aware language technologies. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2404.15238 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","unstructured":"Song Shuchao Chen Yiqiang Yu Hanchao Zhang Yingwei and Yang Xiaodong. [n. d.]. Review of Human-centered Explainable AI in Healthcare. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karan Singhal Shekoofeh Azizi Tao Tu S\u00a0Sara Mahdavi Jason Wei Hyung\u00a0Won Chung Nathan Scales Ajay Tanwani Heather Cole-Lewis Stephen Pfohl et\u00a0al. 2023. Large language models encode clinical knowledge. Nature 620 7972 (2023) 172\u2013180.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"Marita Skjuve and Petter\u00a0Bae Brandtz\u00e6g. 2018. Chatbots as a new user interface for providing health information to young people. Youth and news in a digital media environment\u2013Nordic-Baltic perspectives (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliot Soloway Mark Guzdial and Kenneth\u00a0E Hay. 1994. Learner-centered design: The challenge for HCI in the 21st century. interactions 1 2 (1994) 36\u201348.","DOI":"10.1145\/174809.174813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","unstructured":"Inhwa Song Sachin\u00a0R. Pendse Neha Kumar and Munmun\u00a0De Choudhury. 2024. The Typing Cure: Experiences with Large Language Model Chatbots for Mental Health Support. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2401.14362\u00a0[cs.HC] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.14362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447526.3472050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1781-2_80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1878450.1878481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan-Chi Tseng Weerachaya Jarupreechachan and Tuan-He Lee. 2023. Understanding the Benefits and Design of Chatbots to Meet the Healthcare Needs of Migrant Workers. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 CSCW2 Article 315 (oct 2023) 34\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3610106","DOI":"10.1145\/3610106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisa\u00a0M Vaughn Farrah Jacquez and Raymond\u00a0C Bakar. 2009. Cultural health attributions beliefs and practices: Effects on healthcare and medical education. The Open Medical Education Journal 2 1 (2009).","DOI":"10.2174\/1876519X00902010064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua Wang Sneha Gupta Arvind Singhal Poonam Muttreja Sanghamitra Singh Poorva Sharma and Alice Piterova. 2022. An artificial intelligence chatbot for young people\u2019s sexual and reproductive health in India (SnehAI): instrumental case study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 24 1 (2022) e29969.","DOI":"10.2196\/29969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","unstructured":"Lu Wang Munif\u00a0Ishad Mujib Jake Williams George Demiris and Jina Huh-Yoo. 2021. An evaluation of generative pre-training model-based therapy chatbot for caregivers. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2107.13115 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2024. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240084759\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee Wilson and Mariana Marasoiu. 2022. The development and use of chatbots in public health: scoping review. JMIR human factors 9 4 (2022) e35882.","DOI":"10.2196\/35882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deepika Yadav Prerna Malik Kirti Dabas and Pushpendra Singh. 2019. Feedpal: Understanding Opportunities for Chatbots in Breastfeeding Education of Women in India. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 CSCW (2019) 170.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kailai Yang Shaoxiong Ji Tianlin Zhang Qianqian Xie Ziyan Kuang and Sophia Ananiadou. 2023. Towards interpretable mental health analysis with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2304.03347 (2023).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_110_2","unstructured":"Hongjian Zhou Boyang Gu Xinyu Zou Yiru Li Sam\u00a0S Chen Peilin Zhou Junling Liu Yining Hua Chengfeng Mao Xian Wu et\u00a0al. 2023. A survey of large language models in medicine: Progress application and challenge. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.05112 (2023)."}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3713362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:10:39Z","timestamp":1751605839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":109,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3713362","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713362","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}