{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:22:52Z","timestamp":1783592572600,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":82,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713513","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:24:56Z","timestamp":1745468696000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["From Passive Watching to Active Learning: Empowering Proactive Participation in Digital Classrooms with AI Video Assistant"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8941-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bodonhelyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5111-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enkeleda","family":"Thaqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"\u00d6zdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efe","family":"Bozkir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enkelejda","family":"Kasneci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Josh Achiam Steven Adler Sandhini Agarwal Lama Ahmad Ilge Akkaya Florencia\u00a0Leoni Aleman Diogo Almeida Janko Altenschmidt Sam Altman Shyamal Anadkat et\u00a0al. 2023. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dimah Al-Fraihat Mike Joy Jane Sinclair et\u00a0al. 2020. Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in human behavior 102 (2020) 67\u201386. 10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saif Alneyadi and Yousef Wardat. 2023. ChatGPT: Revolutionizing student achievement in the electronic magnetism unit for eleventh-grade students in Emirates schools. Contemporary Educational Technology 15 4 (2023) ep448. 10.30935\/cedtech\/13417","DOI":"10.30935\/cedtech\/13417"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1566\/1\/012053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arshia Ayoub Raashida Amin and Zahid\u00a0Ashraf Wani. 2020. Contribution of developed countries towards MOOCs: an exploration and assessment from a representative platform Coursera. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 15 2 (2020) 251\u2013262. 10.1108\/AAOUJ-03-2020-0016","DOI":"10.1108\/AAOUJ-03-2020-0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Baumgartner P Wei\u00df and H Schindler. 1998. A nonparametric test for the general two-sample problem. Biometrics (1998) 1129\u20131135.","DOI":"10.2307\/2533862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Kizzy Beaumont. 2018. Google Classroom: An online learning environment to support blended learning. Compass: Journal of Learning and Teaching 11 2 (2018) 1\u20136. https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/1537\/78fb6948d9a4f5fc798a359d754f09c09781.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luciana Benotti Mara\u00a0Cecilia Martnez and Fernando Schapachnik. 2017. A tool for introducing computer science with automatic formative assessment. IEEE transactions on learning technologies 11 2 (2017) 179\u2013192. 10.1109\/TLT.2017.2682084","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2017.2682084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Per\u00a0Bernard Bergamin Simone Ziska Egon Werlen and Eva Siegenthaler. 2012. The relationship between flexible and self-regulated learning in open and distance universities. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 13 2 (2012) 101\u2013123. 10.19173\/irrodl.v13i2.1124","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v13i2.1124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Anna Bodonhelyi Efe Bozkir Shuo Yang Enkelejda Kasneci and Gjergji Kasneci. 2024. User intent recognition and satisfaction with large language models: A user study with chatgpt. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.02136 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ricardo B\u00f6heim Maximilian Knogler Christian Kosel and Tina Seidel. 2020. Exploring student hand-raising across two school subjects using mixed methods: An investigation of an everyday classroom behavior from a motivational perspective. Learning and Instruction 65 (2020) 101250. 10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.101250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.101250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ricardo B\u00f6heim Tim Urdan Maximilian Knogler and Tina Seidel. 2020. Student hand-raising as an indicator of behavioral engagement and its role in classroom learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology 62 (2020) 101894. 10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babette B\u00fchler Efe Bozkir Hannah Deininger Peter Gerjets Ulrich Trautwein and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024. On Task and in Sync: Examining the Relationship between Gaze Synchrony and Self-Reported Attention During Video Lecture Learning. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 ETRA (2024) 1\u201318. 10.1145\/3655604","DOI":"10.1145\/3655604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36272-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michelene\u00a0TH Chi and Ruth Wylie. 2014. The ICAP framework: Linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes. Educational psychologist 49 4 (2014) 219\u2013243. 10.1080\/00461520.2014.965823","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2014.965823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miguel Coronado Carlos\u00a0A Iglesias \u00c1lvaro Carrera and Alberto Mardomingo. 2018. A cognitive assistant for learning java featuring social dialogue. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 117 (2018) 55\u201367. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.02.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samuel Cunningham-Nelson Mahsa Baktashmotlagh and Wageeh Boles. 2019. Visualizing student opinion through text analysis. IEEE Transactions on Education 62 4 (2019) 305\u2013311. 10.1109\/TE.2019.2924385","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2019.2924385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE43999.2019.9028667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nada Dabbagh Angela\u00a0D Benson Andr\u00e9 Denham Roberto Joseph Maha Al-Freih Ghania Zgheib Helen Fake Zhetao Guo Nada Dabbagh Angela\u00a0D Benson et\u00a0al. 2016. Massive open online courses. Learning Technologies and Globalization: Pedagogical Frameworks and Applications (2016) 9\u201313. 10.1007\/978-3-319-22963-8_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22963-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel\u00a0Martins Ferreira. 2016. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Cross-Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance: Commerce the Services Directive and Governing Higher Education (2016) 203\u2013219. 10.1057\/978-1-137-59472-3_12","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-59472-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonio Fini. 2009. The technological dimension of a massive open online course: The case of the CCK08 course tools. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 10 5 (2009). 10.19173\/irrodl.v10i5.643","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v10i5.643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Seyum Getenet Niharika Singh Eseta Tualaulelei Yosheen Pillay and Sue Worsley. 2022. Students\u2019 behavioural engagement with recorded lecture videos: Panopto video analytics. (2022). https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/p\/221675\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-6234-8.ch004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marta Gonz\u00e1lez-Lloret. 2020. Collaborative tasks for online language teaching. Foreign Language Annals 53 2 (2020) 260\u2013269. 10.1111\/flan.12466","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rachel\u00a0S Goodman J\u00a0Randall Patrinely Cosby\u00a0A Stone Eli Zimmerman Rebecca\u00a0R Donald Sam\u00a0S Chang Sean\u00a0T Berkowitz Avni\u00a0P Finn Eiman Jahangir Elizabeth\u00a0A Scoville et\u00a0al. 2023. Accuracy and reliability of chatbot responses to physician questions. JAMA network open 6 10 (2023) e2336483\u2013e2336483. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldo Gordillo Daniel L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez and Edmundo Tovar. 2022. Comparing the effectiveness of video-based learning and game-based learning using teacher-authored video games for online software engineering education. IEEE Transactions on Education 65 4 (2022) 524\u2013532. 10.1109\/TE.2022.3142688","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2022.3142688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reginald\u00a0Gerald Govender and Simon\u00a0Bheki Khoza. 2022. First-hand user experience: Can Kaltura video come to the rescue of Moodle during\/post COVID-19? African Identities (2022) 1\u201318. 10.1080\/14725843.2022.2082376","DOI":"10.1080\/14725843.2022.2082376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ece Gumusel. 2024. A literature review of user privacy concerns in conversational chatbots: A social informatics approach: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (2024). 10.1002\/asi.24898","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guntur Gunawan Muhammad Kristiawan Eko Risdianto and Ririn\u00a0Eka Monicha. 2021. Application of the zoom meeting application in online learning during the pandemic. Education Quarterly Reviews 4 2 (2021). https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3819839","DOI":"10.31014\/aior.1993.04.02.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-8921-2.ch015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisa\u00a0R Halverson and Charles\u00a0R Graham. 2019. Learner engagement in blended learning environments: a conceptual framework. Online learning 23 2 (2019) 145\u2013178. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1218398","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v23i2.1481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Songhee Han and Min\u00a0Kyung Lee. 2022. FAQ chatbot and inclusive learning in massive open online courses. Computers & Education 179 (2022) 104395. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alexandara Harry and Sayudin Sayudin. 2023. Role of AI in Education. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) 2 3 (2023) 260\u2013268. 10.58631\/injurity.v2i3.52","DOI":"10.58631\/injurity.v2i3.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khe\u00a0Foon Hew Weijiao Huang Jiahui Du and Chengyuan Jia. 2023. Using chatbots to support student goal setting and social presence in fully online activities: learner engagement and perceptions. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 35 1 (2023) 40\u201368. 10.1007\/s12528-022-09338-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-022-09338-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Sebastian Hobert and Raphael Meyer\u00a0von Wolff. 2019. Say hello to your new automated tutor\u2013a structured literature review on pedagogical conversational agents. (2019). https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/wi2019\/track04\/papers\/2\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64302-6_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39540-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Enkelejda Kasneci Kathrin Se\u00dfler Stefan K\u00fcchemann Maria Bannert Daryna Dementieva Frank Fischer Urs Gasser Georg Groh Stephan G\u00fcnnemann Eyke H\u00fcllermeier et\u00a0al. 2023. ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and individual differences 103 (2023) 102274. 10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yunhwan Kim Michael Glassman and Michael\u00a0Steven Williams. 2015. Connecting agents: Engagement and motivation in online collaboration. Computers in Human Behavior 49 (2015) 333\u2013342. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0Amin Kuhail Nazik Alturki Salwa Alramlawi and Kholood Alhejori. 2023. Interacting with educational chatbots: A systematic review. Education and Information Technologies 28 1 (2023) 973\u20131018. 10.1007\/s10639-022-11177-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11177-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2018-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISET49818.2020.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tharindu\u00a0Rekha Liyanagunawardena. 2015. Massive open online courses. Humanities 4 1 (2015) 35\u201341. 10.3390\/h4010035","DOI":"10.3390\/h4010035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung\u00a0Kwan Lo Khe\u00a0Foon Hew and Morris Siu-yung Jong. 2024. The influence of ChatGPT on student engagement: A systematic review and future research agenda. Computers & Education (2024) 105100. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Florence Martin and Doris\u00a0U Bolliger. 2018. Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment. Online learning 22 1 (2018) 205\u2013222. 10.24059\/olj.v22i1.1092","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v22i1.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"Shahid Minhas Tasaddaq Hussain Abdul Ghani Kiran Sajid and L Pakistan. 2021. Exploring students online learning: A study of zoom application. Gazi University Journal of Science 34 2 (2021) 171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/gujs.691705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Hello GPT-4o","year":"2024","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2024. Hello GPT-4o. https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/hello-gpt-4o\/ Accessed: 2024-08-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S Pappagallo. 2024. Chatbots in Education: A Dual Perspective on Innovation and Ethics. Journal of Digital Pedagogy 3 1 (2024) 3\u201310. 10.61071\/JDP.2420","DOI":"10.61071\/JDP.2420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eyal Peer David Rothschild Andrew Gordon Zak Evernden and Ekaterina Damer. 2022. Data quality of platforms and panels for online behavioral research. Behavior Research Methods 54 4 (2022) 1643\u20131662. 10.3758\/s13428-021-01694-3","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01694-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pavlo Pokotylo. 2023. Some of basic key point of online learning educational tools. Problems of Education1 (98) (2023) 219\u2013230. 10.52256\/2710-3986.1-98.2023.14","DOI":"10.52256\/2710-3986.1-98.2023.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muh\u00a0Putra Pratama Rigel Sampelolo and Hans Lura. 2023. Revolutionizing education: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence for personalized learning. Klasikal: Journal of education language teaching and science 5 2 (2023) 350\u2013357. 10.52208\/klasikal.v5i2.877","DOI":"10.52208\/klasikal.v5i2.877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annelies Raes Pieter Vanneste Marieke Pieters Ine Windey Wim Van Den\u00a0Noortgate and Fien Depaepe. 2020. Learning and instruction in the hybrid virtual classroom: An investigation of students\u2019 engagement and the effect of quizzes. Computers & Education 143 (2020) 103682. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCI.2017.8126057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad\u00a0Ridho Rojabi. 2020. Exploring EFL Students\u2019 Perception of Online Learning via Microsoft Teams: University Level in Indonesia. English Language Teaching Educational Journal 3 2 (2020) 163\u2013173. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1268365","DOI":"10.12928\/eltej.v3i2.2349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Estefania Roldan-Vasquez Samir Mitri Shreya Bhasin Tina Bharani Kathryn Capasso Michelle Haslinger Ranjna Sharma and Ted\u00a0A James. 2024. Reliability of artificial intelligence chatbot responses to frequently asked questions in breast surgical oncology. Journal of Surgical Oncology (2024). 10.1002\/jso.27715","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nico Rutten Wouter\u00a0R Van\u00a0Joolingen and Jan\u00a0T Van Der\u00a0Veen. 2012. The learning effects of computer simulations in science education. Computers & education 58 1 (2012) 136\u2013153. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.07.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marija Sabli\u0107 Ana Mirosavljevi\u0107 and Alma \u0160kugor. 2021. Video-based learning (VBL)\u2014past present and future: An overview of the research published from 2008 to 2019. Technology Knowledge and Learning 26 4 (2021) 1061\u20131077. 10.1007\/s10758-020-09455-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-020-09455-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3664690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"Sandra Sanchez-Gordon Sergio Luj\u00e1n-Mora et\u00a0al. 2016. How could MOOCs become accessible? The case of edX and the future of inclusive online learning. (2016). https:\/\/rua.ua.es\/dspace\/handle\/10045\/54410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dylan\u00a0GM Schouten Fleur Venneker Tibor Bosse Mark\u00a0A Neerincx and Anita\u00a0HM Cremers. 2017. A digital coach that provides affective and social learning support to low-literate learners. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 11 1 (2017) 67\u201380. 10.1109\/TLT.2017.2698471","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2017.2698471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klara Sedova Martin Sedlacek Roman Svaricek Martin Majcik Jana Navratilova Anna Drexlerova Jakub Kychler and Zuzana Salamounova. 2019. Do those who talk more learn more? The relationship between student classroom talk and student achievement. Learning and instruction 63 (2019) 101217. 10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.101217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.101217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC53172.2021.9641570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","volume-title":"Amazon Web Services (AWS) - Cloud Computing Services","author":"Services Amazon\u00a0Web","unstructured":"Amazon\u00a0Web Services. [n. d.]. Amazon Web Services (AWS) - Cloud Computing Services. https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ Accessed: 2024-08-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.bea-1.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18573\/conf2.o"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37974-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7403-6_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subarna Sivapalan Michael\u00a0J Clifford and Sarah Speight. 2016. Engineering education for sustainable development: using online learning to support the new paradigms. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education 21 2 (2016) 61\u201373. 10.1080\/22054952.2017.1307592","DOI":"10.1080\/22054952.2017.1307592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HSI.2017.8005002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christian St\u00f6hr Amy\u00a0Wanyu Ou and Hans Malmstr\u00f6m. 2024. Perceptions and usage of AI chatbots among students in higher education across genders academic levels and fields of study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 7 (2024) 100259. 10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olga Tapalova and Nadezhda Zhiyenbayeva. 2022. Artificial intelligence in education: AIEd for personalised learning pathways. Electronic Journal of e-Learning 20 5 (2022) 639\u2013653. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1373006","DOI":"10.34190\/ejel.20.5.2597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stergios Tegos Stavros Demetriadis and Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos. 2014. A configurable conversational agent to trigger students\u2019 productive dialogue: a pilot study in the CALL domain. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 24 (2014) 62\u201391. 10.1007\/s40593-013-0007-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-013-0007-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2016.7474613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emma\u00a0J Vermeulen and Monique\u00a0LL Volman. 2024. Promoting student engagement in online education: online learning experiences of Dutch university students. Technology Knowledge and Learning (2024) 1\u201321. 10.1007\/s10758-023-09704-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-023-09704-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ming-Te Wang and Jessica Degol. 2014. Staying engaged: Knowledge and research needs in student engagement. Child development perspectives 8 3 (2014) 137\u2013143. 10.1111\/cdep.12073","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376781"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rong Wu and Zhonggen Yu. 2024. Do AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta-analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology 55 1 (2024) 10\u201333. 10.1111\/bjet.13334","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song Yang Ying Dong and Zhong\u00a0Gen Yu. 2024. ChatGPT in Education: Ethical Considerations and Sentiment Analysis. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE) 20 1 (2024) 1\u201319. 10.4018\/IJICTE.346826","DOI":"10.4018\/IJICTE.346826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yvonne Zeegers and Katrina Elliott. 2019. Who\u2019s asking the questions in classrooms? Exploring teacher practice and student engagement in generating engaging and intellectually challenging questions. Pedagogies: An International Journal 14 1 (2019) 17\u201332. 10.1080\/1554480X.2018.1537186","DOI":"10.1080\/1554480X.2018.1537186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruby\u00a0Wenjiao Zhang Xiaoning Liang and Szu-Hsin Wu. 2024. When chatbots fail: exploring user coping following a chatbots-induced service failure. Information Technology & People 37 8 (2024) 175\u2013195. 10.1108\/ITP-08-2023-0745","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-08-2023-0745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","unstructured":"Jianlong Zhou Heimo M\u00fcller Andreas Holzinger and Fang Chen. 2023. Ethical ChatGPT: Concerns challenges and commandments. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.10646 (2023)."}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3713513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:15:10Z","timestamp":1751606110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3713513","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713513","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}