{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:13:23Z","timestamp":1791764003986,"version":"4.3.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":124,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["2048244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2048244"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713758","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:24:56Z","timestamp":1745468696000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Generative Ghosts: Anticipating Benefits and Risks of AI Afterlives"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-9223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith Ringel","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Google DeepMind, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jed R.","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavin Abercrombie Amanda\u00a0Cercas Curry Tanvi Dinkar Verena Rieser and Zeerak Talat. 2023. Mirages: On Anthropomorphism in Dialogue Systems. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.09800\u00a0[cs.CL]","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Laurie Andereson. 2024. Laurie Anderson on making an AI chatbot of Lou Reed. The Guardian (2024). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2024\/feb\/28\/laurie-anderson-ai-chatbot-lou-reed-ill-be-your-mirror-exhibition-adelaide-festival"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Rohan Anil Andrew\u00a0M. Dai Orhan Firat Melvin Johnson Dmitry Lepikhin Alexandre Passos Siamak Shakeri Emanuel Taropa Paige Bailey Zhifeng Chen Eric Chu Jonathan\u00a0H. Clark Laurent\u00a0El Shafey Yanping Huang Kathy Meier-Hellstern Gaurav Mishra Erica Moreira Mark Omernick Kevin Robinson Sebastian Ruder Yi Tay Kefan Xiao Yuanzhong Xu Yujing Zhang Gustavo\u00a0Hernandez Abrego Junwhan Ahn Jacob Austin Paul Barham Jan Botha James Bradbury Siddhartha Brahma Kevin Brooks Michele Catasta Yong Cheng Colin Cherry Christopher\u00a0A. Choquette-Choo Aakanksha Chowdhery Cl\u00e9ment Crepy Shachi Dave Mostafa Dehghani Sunipa Dev Jacob Devlin Mark D\u00edaz Nan Du Ethan Dyer Vlad Feinberg Fangxiaoyu Feng Vlad Fienber Markus Freitag Xavier Garcia Sebastian Gehrmann Lucas Gonzalez Guy Gur-Ari Steven Hand Hadi Hashemi Le Hou Joshua Howland Andrea Hu Jeffrey Hui Jeremy Hurwitz Michael Isard Abe Ittycheriah Matthew Jagielski Wenhao Jia Kathleen Kenealy Maxim Krikun Sneha Kudugunta Chang Lan Katherine Lee Benjamin Lee Eric Li Music Li Wei Li YaGuang Li Jian Li Hyeontaek Lim Hanzhao Lin Zhongtao Liu Frederick Liu Marcello Maggioni Aroma Mahendru Joshua Maynez Vedant Misra Maysam Moussalem Zachary Nado John Nham Eric Ni Andrew Nystrom Alicia Parrish Marie Pellat Martin Polacek Alex Polozov Reiner Pope Siyuan Qiao Emily Reif Bryan Richter Parker Riley Alex\u00a0Castro Ros Aurko Roy Brennan Saeta Rajkumar Samuel Renee Shelby Ambrose Slone Daniel Smilkov David\u00a0R. So Daniel Sohn Simon Tokumine Dasha Valter Vijay Vasudevan Kiran Vodrahalli Xuezhi Wang Pidong Wang Zirui Wang Tao Wang John Wieting Yuhuai Wu Kelvin Xu Yunhan Xu Linting Xue Pengcheng Yin Jiahui Yu Qiao Zhang Steven Zheng Ce Zheng Weikang Zhou Denny Zhou Slav Petrov and Yonghui Wu. 2023. PaLM 2 Technical Report. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.10403\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315688749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Yuntao Bai Saurav Kadavath Sandipan Kundu Amanda Askell Jackson Kernion Andy Jones Anna Chen Anna Goldie Azalia Mirhoseini Cameron McKinnon Carol Chen Catherine Olsson Christopher Olah Danny Hernandez Dawn Drain Deep Ganguli Dustin Li Eli Tran-Johnson Ethan Perez Jamie Kerr Jared Mueller Jeffrey Ladish Joshua Landau Kamal Ndousse Kamile Lukosuite Liane Lovitt Michael Sellitto Nelson Elhage Nicholas Schiefer Noemi Mercado Nova DasSarma Robert Lasenby Robin Larson Sam Ringer Scott Johnston Shauna Kravec Sheer\u00a0El Showk Stanislav Fort Tamera Lanham Timothy Telleen-Lawton Tom Conerly Tom Henighan Tristan Hume Samuel\u00a0R. Bowman Zac Hatfield-Dodds Ben Mann Dario Amodei Nicholas Joseph Sam McCandlish Tom Brown and Jared Kaplan. 2022. Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2212.08073\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91684-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"The Beatles. 2023. Now and Then."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Bell. 2006. No more SMS from Jesus: Ubicomp religion and techno-spiritual practices. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4206 (2006) 141.","DOI":"10.1007\/11853565_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3527927.3532788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zal\u00e1n Borsos Rapha\u00ebl Marinier Damien Vincent Eugene Kharitonov Olivier Pietquin Matt Sharifi Dominik Roblek Olivier Teboul David Grangier Marco Tagliasacchi and Neil Zeghidour. 2023. AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generation. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2209.03143\u00a0[cs.SD]","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2023.3288409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker. 2015. Death Identity and the Social Network. Ph.\u00a0D. Dissertation. University of California Irvine."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1958824.1958843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker Gillian\u00a0R. Hayes and Paul Dourish. 2013. Beyond the Grave: Facebook as a Site for the Expansion of Death and Mourning. The Information Society 29 3 (2013) 152\u2013163. 10.1080\/01972243.2013.777300","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2013.777300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker Gillian\u00a0R. Hayes and Melissa Mazmanian. 2019. Orienting to Networked Grief: Situated Perspectives of Communal Mourning on Facebook. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3 CSCW Article 27 (Nov. 2019) 19\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3359129","DOI":"10.1145\/3359129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","first-page":"42","volume-title":"ICWSM 2012 - Proceedings of the 6th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media","author":"Brubaker Jed\u00a0R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker, Funda Kivran-Swaine, Lee Taber, and Gillian\u00a0R. Hayes. 2012. Grief-Stricken in a Crowd: The Language of Bereavement and Distress in Social Media. In ICWSM 2012 - Proceedings of the 6th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. 42\u201349."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"S\u00e9bastien Bubeck Varun Chandrasekaran Ronen Eldan Johannes Gehrke Eric Horvitz Ece Kamar Peter Lee Yin\u00a0Tat Lee Yuanzhi Li Scott Lundberg Harsha Nori Hamid Palangi Marco\u00a0Tulio Ribeiro and Yi Zhang. 2023. Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.12712\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brian Carroll and Katie Landry. 2010. Logging on and letting out: Using online social networks to grieve and to mourn. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 30 5 (2010) 341\u2013349. 10.1177\/0270467610380006","DOI":"10.1177\/0270467610380006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Caren Chesler. 2022. AI\u2019s new frontier: Connecting grieving loved ones with the deceased. (November 2022). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/health\/2022\/11\/12\/artificial-intelligence-grief\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giovanni Colavizza Tobias Blanke Charles Jeurgens and Julia Noordegraaf. [n. d.]. Archives and AI: An Overview of Current Debates and Future Perspectives. 15 1 ([n. d.]) 4:1\u20134:15. 10.1145\/3479010","DOI":"10.1145\/3479010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenny\u00a0L Davis and Nathan Jurgenson. 2014. Context collapse: theorizing context collusions and collisions. Information Communication & Society 17 4 (April 2014) 476\u2013485. 10.1080\/1369118X.2014.888458","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2014.888458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jocelyn\u00a0M. DeGroot. 2018. A Model of Transcorporeal Communication: Communication Toward\/With\/to the Deceased. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 78 1 (Nov. 2018) 43\u201366. 10.1177\/0030222816683195","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222816683195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dylan\u00a0Thomas Doyle and Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker. 2023. Digital Legacy: A Systematic Literature Review. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 CSCW2 (oct 2023) 26\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3610059","DOI":"10.1145\/3610059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Tyna Eloundou Sam Manning Pamela Mishkin and Daniel Rock. 2023. GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.10130\u00a0[econ.GN]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Jason Fagone. 2021. The Jessica Simulation: Love and loss in the age of A.I. The San Francisco Chronicle (July 2021). https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/projects\/2021\/jessica-simulation-artificial-intelligence\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Emily Feng. 2024. Chinese companies offer to \u2019resurrect\u2019 deceased loved ones with AI avatars. (July 2024). https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/07\/18\/nx-s1-5040583\/china-ai-artificial-intelligence-dead-avatars"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emilio Ferrara. 2023. GenAI Against Humanity: Nefarious Applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.00737\u00a0[cs.CY]","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4614223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"Iason Gabriel Arianna Manzini Geoff Keeling Lisa\u00a0Anne Hendricks Verena Rieser Hasan Iqbal Nenad Toma\u0161ev Ira Ktena Zachary Kenton Mikel Rodriguez et\u00a0al. 2024. The Ethics of Advanced AI Assistants. (April 2024). https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/deepmind-media\/DeepMind.com\/Blog\/ethics-of-advanced-ai-assistants\/the-ethics-of-advanced-ai-assistants-2024-i.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katie\u00a0Z. Gach and Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker. 2020. Experiences of Trust in Postmortem Profile Management. ACM Transactions on Social Computing 3 1 (Feb. 2020) 1\u201326. 10.1145\/3365525","DOI":"10.1145\/3365525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katie\u00a0Z. Gach and Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker. 2021. Getting Your Facebook Affairs in Order: User Expectations in Post-mortem Profile Management. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (April 2021) 1\u201329. 10.1145\/3449248","DOI":"10.1145\/3449248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Damien Gayle. 2013. \u2019When your heart stops beating you\u2019ll keep tweeting\u2019: Controversial app that updates your Twitter feed from beyond the grave. Daily Mail (2013). https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-2281603\/When-heart-stops-beating-youll-tweeting-The-app-updates-Twitter-feed-grave.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"Google DeepMind. 2023. Gemini. https:\/\/deepmind.google\/technologies\/gemini\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Justin Grandinetti Tyler DeAtley and Jeffery Bruinsma. 2020. The Dead Speak: Big Data and Digitally Mediated Death. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research 2020 (Oct. 2020). 10.5210\/spir.v2020i0.11122","DOI":"10.5210\/spir.v2020i0.11122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Adam Grant. 2023. Khan Academy founder Sal Khan on AI and the future of education. TED (August 2023). https:\/\/www.ted.com\/podcasts\/rethinking-with-adam-grant\/khan-academy-founder-sal-khan-on-ai-and-the-future-of-education-transcript"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3064663.3064731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"Andrew Higgens. 2024. An \u2018Interview\u2019 With a Dead Luminary Exposes the Pitfalls of A.I. (November 2024). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/11\/03\/world\/europe\/poland-radio-station-ai.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larissa Hjorth. 2021. The place of data: Mobile media loss and data in life death and afterlife. Memory Studies 14 3 (2021) 592\u2013605.","DOI":"10.1177\/17506980211010696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomasz Hollanek and Katarzyna Nowaczyk-Basi\u0144ska. 2024. Griefbots Deadbots Postmortem Avatars: On Responsible Applications of Generative AI in the Digital Afterlife Industry. Philosophy & Technology 37 2 (May 2024) 63. 10.1007\/s13347-024-00744-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-024-00744-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3450030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"Obituaries in American Culture","author":"Hume Janice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janice Hume. 2000. Obituaries in American Culture. Univ. Press of Mississippi."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321335.3324952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jialun\u00a0\"Aaron\" Jiang and Jed\u00a0R. Brubaker. 2018. Tending Unmarked Graves: Classification of Post-mortem Content on Social Media. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2 CSCW (2018) Article 81. 10.1145\/3274350","DOI":"10.1145\/3274350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bel\u00e9n Jim\u00e9nez-Alonso and Ignacio\u00a0Bresc\u00f3 de Luna. 2022. Griefbots. A New Way of Communicating With The Dead? Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 57 (March 2022) 466\u2013481.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12124-022-09679-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Enkelejda Kasneci Kathrin Sessler Stefan K\u00fcchemann Maria Bannert Daryna Dementieva Frank Fischer Urs Gasser Georg Groh Stephan G\u00fcnnemann Eyke H\u00fcllermeier Stephan Krusche Gitta Kutyniok Tilman Michaeli Claudia Nerdel J\u00fcrgen Pfeffer Oleksandra Poquet Michael Sailer Albrecht Schmidt Tina Seidel Matthias Stadler Jochen Weller Jochen Kuhn and Gjergji Kasneci. 2023. ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences 103 (2023) 102274. 10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","volume-title":"Continuing Bonds: New Understandings of Grief","author":"Klass Dennis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dennis Klass, Phyllis\u00a0R. Silverman, and Steven\u00a0L. Nickman. 1996. Continuing Bonds: New Understandings of Grief. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamara Kneese. 2019. Networked heirlooms: the affective and financial logics of digital estate planning. Cultural Studies 33 2 (2019) 297\u2013324. 10.1080\/09502386.2018.1466904 arXiv:10.1080\/09502386.2018.1466904","DOI":"10.1080\/09502386.2018.1466904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","volume-title":"Death Glitch: How Techno-Solutionism Fails Us in This Life and Beyond","author":"Kneese Tamara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tamara Kneese. 2023. Death Glitch: How Techno-Solutionism Fails Us in This Life and Beyond. Yale University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","volume-title":"Artificial: A Love Story","author":"Kurzweil Amy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amy Kurzweil. 2023. Artificial: A Love Story. Catapult."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patrick Yung\u00a0Kang Lee Ning\u00a0F. Ma Ig-Jae Kim and Dongwook Yoon. 2023. Speculating on Risks of AI Clones to Selfhood and Relationships: Doppelganger-phobia Identity Fragmentation and Living Memories. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 CSCW1 Article 91 (apr 2023) 28\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3579524","DOI":"10.1145\/3579524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"Chouwa Liang. 2023. My A.I. Lover. The New York Times (May 2023). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/05\/23\/opinion\/ai-chatbot-relationships.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nora\u00a0Freya Lindemann. 2022. The Ethics of Deathbots. Science and Engineering Ethics 28 (November 2022).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-022-00417-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eden Litt. 2012. Knock Knock. Who\u2019s There? The Imagined Audience. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 56 3 (July 2012) 330\u2013345. 10.1080\/08838151.2012.705195","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2012.705195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2073276.2073278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","unstructured":"Richard Luscombe. 2024. Voices of the dead: shooting victims plead for gun reform with AI-voice messages. The Guardian (2024). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2024\/feb\/14\/ai-shooting-victims-calls-gun-reform"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","unstructured":"Robert Mahariarchive and Pat Pataranutaporn. 2024. We need to prepare for \u2018addictive intelligence\u2019. (August 2024). https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2024\/08\/05\/1095600\/we-need-to-prepare-for-addictive-intelligence\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alice\u00a0E. Marwick and Danah Boyd. 2011. I tweet honestly I tweet passionately: Twitter users context collapse and the imagined audience. New Media & Society 13 1 (Feb. 2011) 114\u2013133. 10.1177\/1461444810365313","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810365313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1520340.1520349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753846.1754178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","volume-title":"Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age","author":"Mayer-Schonberger Viktor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viktor Mayer-Schonberger. 2009. Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","unstructured":"Cade Metz. 2023. A.I. Is Becoming More Conversational. But Will It Get More Honest? The New York Times (January 2023). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/10\/science\/character-ai-chatbot-intelligence.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2414536.2414599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","unstructured":"Meredith\u00a0Ringel Morris. 2023. Scientists\u2019 Perspectives on the Potential for Generative AI in their Fields. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2304.01420\u00a0[cs.CY]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","unstructured":"Meredith\u00a0Ringel Morris Jascha Sohl-dickstein Noah Fiedel Tris Warkentin Allan Dafoe Aleksandra Faust Clement Farabet and Shane Legg. 2023. Levels of AGI: Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.02462\u00a0[cs.AI]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjorn Nansen Dominic O\u2019Donnell Michael Arnold Tamara Kohn and Martin Gibbs. 2019. \u2018Death by Twitter\u2019: Understanding false death announcements on social media and the performance of platform cultural capital. First Monday (Dec. 2019). 10.5210\/fm.v24i12.10106","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v24i12.10106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arvind Narayanan Arunesh Mathur Marshini Chetty and Mihir Kshirsagar. 2020. Dark Patterns: Past Present and Future: The Evolution of Tricky User Interfaces. Queue 18 2 (may 2020) 67\u201392. 10.1145\/3400899.3400901","DOI":"10.1145\/3400899.3400901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","unstructured":"Milad Nasr Nicholas Carlini Jonathan Hayase Matthew Jagielski A.\u00a0Feder Cooper Daphne Ippolito Christopher\u00a0A. Choquette-Choo Eric Wallace Florian Tram\u00e8r and Katherine Lee. 2023. Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.17035\u00a0[cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","unstructured":"National Science and Media Museum. 2022. Telecommunications and the occult. https:\/\/www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk\/objects-and-stories\/telecommunications-and-occult."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Grief and the expressive arts: Practices for creating meaning","author":"Neimeyer Robert\u00a0A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0A. Neimeyer and Barbara\u00a0E. Thompson. 2014. Meaning making and the art of grief therapy. In Grief and the expressive arts: Practices for creating meaning, Barbara\u00a0E. Thompson and Robert\u00a0A. Neimeyer (Eds.). 3\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","unstructured":"Casey Newton. 2016. Speak Memory. The Verge (2016). https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/a\/luka-artificial-intelligence-memorial-roman-mazurenko-bot"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780804772891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","unstructured":"NORC at the University of Chicago. [n. d.]. GSS General Social Survey. https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2023. GPT-4 Technical Report. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2023. Introducing GPTs. OpenAI Blog (November 2023). https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/introducing-gpts"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Pasupathi. 2001. The social construction of the personal past and its implications for adult development. Psychological bulletin 127 5 (2001) 651\u2013672.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.127.5.651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.J. Payne Stephen Joseph and Jeremy Tudway. 2007. Assimilation and accommodation following traumatic events. Journal of Traumatic Stress 12 (01 2007) 75\u201391.","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020600788206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","unstructured":"H. Rahnama M. Alirezaie and A. Pentalnd. 2021. A Neural-Symbolic Approach for User Mental Modeling: A Step Towards Building Exchangeable Identities. AAAI 2021 Spring Symposium on Combininb Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","unstructured":"Aditya Ramesh Prafulla Dhariwal Alex Nichol Casey Chu and Mark Chen. 2022. Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2204.06125\u00a0[cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","volume-title":"The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places","author":"Reeves Byron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Byron Reeves and Clifford\u00a0I. Nass. 1996. The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pamela Roberts. 2004. The Living and the Dead: Community in the Virtual Cemetery. OMEGA: The Journal of Death and Dying 49 1 (May 2004) 57\u201376. 10.2190\/D41T-YFNN-109K-WR4C","DOI":"10.2190\/D41T-YFNN-109K-WR4C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pamela Roberts and Lourdes\u00a0A. Vidal. 2000. Perpetual Care in Cyberspace: A Portrait of Memorials on the Web. OMEGA: The Journal of Death and Dying 40 4 (April 2000) 521\u2013545. 10.2190\/3BPT-UYJR-192R-U969","DOI":"10.2190\/3BPT-UYJR-192R-U969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","unstructured":"Mark Savage. 2023. Sir Paul McCartney says artificial intelligence has enabled a \u2019final\u2019 Beatles song. BBC (June 2023). https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/entertainment-arts-65881813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","volume-title":"Last words: Approaches to death in new zealand\u2019s cultures and faiths","author":"Schwass M.","unstructured":"M. Schwass and Funeral Directors\u00a0Association of New\u00a0Zealand. [n. d.]. Last words: Approaches to death in new zealand\u2019s cultures and faiths. Bridget Williams Books. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Iq1s0rxLS-cC tex.lccn: 2006365712."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","unstructured":"Murray Shanahan. 2023. Talking About Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2212.03551\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","unstructured":"Yonadav Shavit Sandhini Agarwal Miles Brundage Steven Adlera Cullen O\u2019Keefe Rosie Campbell Teddy Lee Pamela Mishkin Tyna Eloundou Alan Hickey Katarina Slama Lama Ahmad Paul McMillan Alex Beutel Alexandre Passos and David\u00a0G. Robinson. 2023. Practices for Governing Agentic AI Systems. OpenAI Technical Report. https:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/papers\/practices-for-governing-agentic-ai-systems.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00a0Katherine Shear. 2015. Complicated grief. New England Journal of Medicine 372 2 (2015) 153\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1315618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","unstructured":"Uriel Singer Adam Polyak Thomas Hayes Xi Yin Jie An Songyang Zhang Qiyuan Hu Harry Yang Oron Ashual Oran Gafni Devi Parikh Sonal Gupta and Yaniv Taigman. 2022. Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Data. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2209.14792\u00a0[cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","unstructured":"Zachary Small. 2023. Dream of Talking to Vincent van Gogh? A.I. Tries to Resurrect the Artist. The New York Times (December 2023). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/12\/12\/arts\/design\/van-gogh-artificial-intelligence.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315164250-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Adolescent encounters with death, bereavement, and coping","author":"Sofka Carla\u00a0J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carla\u00a0J. Sofka. 2009. Adolescents, technology, and the internet: Coping with loss in the digital world. In Adolescent encounters with death, bereavement, and coping. Springer New York, NY, 155\u2013173."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","unstructured":"Emily St. Martin. 2024. George Carlin\u2019s daughter slams AI-generated comedy special: No machine will ever replace his genius. The L.A. Times (January 2024). https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/entertainment-arts\/story\/2024-01-11\/george-carlin-daughter-slams-ai-generated-comedy-special"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Stroebe and H. Schut. 1999. The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. Death Studies 23 3 (1999) 197\u2013224. 10.1080\/074811899201046","DOI":"10.1080\/074811899201046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203105115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_111_2","volume-title":"Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt","author":"Taylor John\u00a0H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"John\u00a0H. Taylor. 2001. Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2639485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_113_2","unstructured":"Hugo Touvron Louis Martin Kevin Stone Peter Albert Amjad Almahairi Yasmine Babaei Nikolay Bashlykov Soumya Batra Prajjwal Bhargava Shruti Bhosale Dan Bikel Lukas Blecher Cristian\u00a0Canton Ferrer Moya Chen Guillem Cucurull David Esiobu Jude Fernandes Jeremy Fu Wenyin Fu Brian Fuller Cynthia Gao Vedanuj Goswami Naman Goyal Anthony Hartshorn Saghar Hosseini Rui Hou Hakan Inan Marcin Kardas Viktor Kerkez Madian Khabsa Isabel Kloumann Artem Korenev Punit\u00a0Singh Koura Marie-Anne Lachaux Thibaut Lavril Jenya Lee Diana Liskovich Yinghai Lu Yuning Mao Xavier Martinet Todor Mihaylov Pushkar Mishra Igor Molybog Yixin Nie Andrew Poulton Jeremy Reizenstein Rashi Rungta Kalyan Saladi Alan Schelten Ruan Silva Eric\u00a0Michael Smith Ranjan Subramanian Xiaoqing\u00a0Ellen Tan Binh Tang Ross Taylor Adina Williams Jian\u00a0Xiang Kuan Puxin Xu Zheng Yan Iliyan Zarov Yuchen Zhang Angela Fan Melanie Kambadur Sharan Narang Aurelien Rodriguez Robert Stojnic Sergey Edunov and Thomas Scialom. 2023. Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2307.09288\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-922-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_116_2","unstructured":"Chloe Veltman. 2023. Using AI cartoonist Amy Kurzweil connects with deceased grandfather in Artificial. NPR (October 2023). https:\/\/www.wxxinews.org\/npr-arts-life\/2023-10-19\/using-ai-cartoonist-amy-kurzweil-connects-with-deceased-grandfather-in-artificial"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203220306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tony Walter Rachid Hourizi Wendy Moncur and Stacey Pitsillides. 2012. Does the Internet Change How We Die and Mourn? Overview and Analysis. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64 4 (June 2012) 275\u2013302. 10.2190\/OM.64.4.a","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.64.4.a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_119_2","unstructured":"Laura Weidinger Maribeth Rauh Nahema Marchal Arianna Manzini Lisa\u00a0Anne Hendricks Juan Mateos-Garcia Stevie Bergman Jackie Kay Conor Griffin Ben Bariach Iason Gabriel Verena Rieser and William Isaac. 2023. Sociotechnical Safety Evaluation of Generative AI Systems. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.11986\u00a0[cs.AI]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_120_2","unstructured":"Zeyi Yang. 2024. China has a flourishing market for deepfakes that clone the dead. (May 2024). https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2024\/05\/08\/1092145\/china-flourishing-market-for-deepfakes\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_121_2","unstructured":"Zeyi Yang. 2024. Deepfakes of your dead loved ones are a booming Chinese business. (May 2024). https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2024\/05\/07\/1092116\/deepfakes-dead-chinese-business-grief\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_122_2","unstructured":"Zhengyuan Yang Linjie Li Kevin Lin Jianfeng Wang Chung-Ching Lin Zicheng Liu and Lijuan Wang. 2023. The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2309.17421\u00a0[cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eve\u00a0M. Zucker Mykola Makhortykh Roberto Ulloa Daniel Bultmann and David\u00a0J. Simon. 2023. AI and Archives: How can Technology Help Preserve Holocaust Heritage Under the Risk of Disappearance? Eastern European Holocaust Studies 1 2 (2023) 357\u2013363. 10.1515\/eehs-2023-0052","DOI":"10.1515\/eehs-2023-0052"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3713758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:17:46Z","timestamp":1751606266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":124,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3713758","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713758","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}