{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:32:07Z","timestamp":1783611127613,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":73,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713769","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:24:56Z","timestamp":1745468696000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Libra: An Interaction Model for Data Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0059-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5221-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ant Group, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3770-8726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Daniel","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria &amp; Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (2nd ed.)","author":"Abelson Harold","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harold Abelson and Gerald\u00a0J. Sussman. 1996. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (2nd ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1496770.1496886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/989863.989865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502348.502359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Enrico Bertini Maurizio Rigamonti and Denis Lalanne. 2009. Extended Excentric Labeling. Computer Graphics Forum 28 3 (2009) 927\u2013934. 10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01456.x arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01456.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44617-6_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael Bostock and Jeffrey Heer. 2009. Protovis: A graphical toolkit for visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 15 6 (2009) 1121\u20131128. 10.1109\/tvcg.2009.174","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2009.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael Bostock Vadim Ogievetsky and Jeffrey Heer. 2011. D\u00b3 Data-Driven Documents. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 17 12 (Dec. 2011) 2301\u20132309. 10.1109\/TVCG.2011.185","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142473.1142574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think","author":"Card Stuart\u00a0K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stuart\u00a0K. Card, Jock\u00a0D. Mackinlay, and Ben Shneiderman. 1999. Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3056097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","first-page":"63","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization","author":"Chi Ed\u00a0Huai-hsin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ed\u00a0Huai-hsin Chi and John\u00a0T. Riedl. 1998. An operator interaction framework for visualization systems. In IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization. 63\u201370."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hank Childs Berk Geveci Will Schroeder Jeremy Meredith Kenneth Moreland Christopher Sewell Torsten Kuhlen and E.\u00a0Wes Bethel. 2013. Research challenges for visualization software. Computer 46 5 (2013) 34\u201342. 10.1109\/mc.2013.179","DOI":"10.1109\/mc.2013.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jungu Choi Deok\u00a0Gun Park Yuet\u00a0Ling Wong Eli Fisher and Niklas Elmqvist. 2015. Visdock: A toolkit for cross-cutting interactions in visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 21 9 (2015) 1087\u20131100. 10.1109\/tvcg.2015.2414454","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2015.2414454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1169302420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3242969.3276309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VIS47514.2020.00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"d3dimpvis 2013. DimpVis: Prototyping for direct interaction techniques with information visualizations. https:\/\/github.com\/vialab\/dimpVis. Accessed: 2023-03-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"d3zoom 2016. D3-zoom. https:\/\/github.com\/d3\/d3-zoom. Accessed: 2023-03-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evanthia Dimara and Charles Perin. 2019. What is interaction for data visualization? IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 26 1 (2019) 119\u2013129. 10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934283","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2004.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237091.237108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2312\/pda.20242707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Gapminder Foundation. [n. d.]. Gapminder trendalyzer. http:\/\/www.gapminder.org. http:\/\/www.gapminder.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2836832"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Thomas\u00a0RG Green. 1989. Cognitive dimensions of notations. People and computers V (1989) 443\u2013460."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Derek Greer. [n. d.]. Interactive Application Architecture Patterns. http:\/\/aspiringcraftsman.com\/2007\/08\/25\/interactive-application-architecture\/. Accessed: 2023-02-23."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeffrey Heer and Maneesh Agrawala. 2006. Software Design Patterns for Information Visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 12 5 (2006) 853\u2013860. 10.1109\/tvcg.2006.178","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2006.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1055031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jane Hoffswell Arvind Satyanarayan and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Visual debugging techniques for reactive data visualization. Computer Graphics Forum 35 3 (2016) 271\u2013280.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petra Isenberg Anastasia Bezerianos Nathalie Henry Sheelagh Carpendale and Jean-Daniel Fekete. 2009. CoCoNutTrix: Collaborative Retrofitting for Information Visualization. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. Mag 29 5 (2009) 44\u201357. 10.1109\/MCG.2009.78","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.78"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petra Isenberg Florian Heimerl Steffen Koch Tobias Isenberg Panpan Xu Chad Stolper Michael Sedlmair Jian Chen Torsten M\u00f6ller and John Stasko. 2017. vispubdata.org: A Metadata Collection about IEEE Visualization (VIS) Publications. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23 9 (Sept. 2017) 2199\u20132206. 10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2615308","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2615308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenneth\u00a0E Iverson. 1980. Notation as a tool of thought. Commun. ACM 23 8 (1980) 444\u2013465.","DOI":"10.1145\/358896.358899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T.j. Jankun-Kelly Kwan-liu Ma and Michael Gertz. 2007. A Model and Framework for Visualization Exploration. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 13 2 (2007) 357\u2013369. 10.1109\/TVCG.2007.28","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yvonne Jansen and Pierre Dragicevic. 2013. An interaction model for visualizations beyond the desktop. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 19 12 (2013) 2396\u20132405. 10.1109\/tvcg.2013.134","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2013.134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brittany Kondo and Christopher Collins. 2014. Dimpvis: Exploring time-varying information visualizations by direct manipulation. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 20 12 (2014) 2003\u20132012. 10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346250","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolas Kruchten Andrew\u00a0M McNutt and Michael\u00a0J McGuffin. 2023. Metrics-Based Evaluation and Comparison of Visualization Notations. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3326907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/765891.766020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st international conference on software engineering, Garmisch Pattenkirchen, Germany","author":"McIlroy M\u00a0Douglas","year":"1968","unstructured":"M\u00a0Douglas McIlroy, J Buxton, Peter Naur, and Brian Randell. 1968. Mass-produced software components. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on software engineering, Garmisch Pattenkirchen, Germany. 88\u201398."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brad\u00a0A. Myers. 1990. A new model for handling input. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 8 3 (1990) 289\u2013320. 10.1145\/98188.98204","DOI":"10.1145\/98188.98204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/120782.120805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3617448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donald\u00a0A Norman. 1999. Affordance conventions and design. interactions 6 3 (1999) 38\u201343.","DOI":"10.1145\/301153.301168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","unstructured":"observable-plot [n. d.]. Observable Plot | The JavaScript library for exploratory data visualization. https:\/\/observablehq.com\/plot\/. Accessed: 2024-02-23."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. Pedregosa G. Varoquaux A. Gramfort V. Michel B. Thirion O. Grisel M. Blondel P. Prettenhofer R. Weiss V. Dubourg J. Vanderplas A. Passos D. Cournapeau M. Brucher M. Perrot and E. Duchesnay. 2011. Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12 (2011) 2825\u20132830. 10.5555\/1953048.2078195","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","unstructured":"Mike Potel. 1996. MVP: Model-View-Presenter \u2013 The Taligent Programming Model for C++ and Java. http:\/\/www.wildcrest.com\/Potel\/Portfolio\/mvp.pdf. Access: 2023-02-23."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","unstructured":"Trygve Mikjel\u00a0H. Reenskaug. 1979. The original MVC reports."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arvind Satyanarayan Dominik Moritz Kanit Wongsuphasawat and Jeffrey Heer. 2017. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 23 1 (2017) 341\u2013350. 10.1109\/tvcg.2016.2599030","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2016.2599030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arvind Satyanarayan Ryan Russell Jane Hoffswell and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Reactive Vega: A Streaming Dataflow Architecture for Declarative Interactive Visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 22 1 (Jan. 2016) 659\u2013668. 10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467091","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2642918.2647360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shneiderman. 1983. Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages. Computer 16 8 (1983) 57\u201369. 10.1109\/MC.1983.1654471","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1983.1654471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luke\u00a0S. Snyder and Jeffrey Heer. 2024. DIVI: Dynamically Interactive Visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 30 1 (2024) 403\u2013413. 10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3327172","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3327172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenbo Tao Xiaoyu Liu Yedi Wang Leilani Battle \u00c7a\u011fatay Demiralp Remco Chang and Michael Stonebraker. 2019. Kyrix: Interactive pan\/zoom visualizations at scale. Computer Graphics Forum 38 3 (2019) 529\u2013540.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jim Thomas and Joe Kielman. 2009. Challenges for visual analytics. Information Visualization 8 4 (2009) 309\u2013314. 10.1057\/ivs.2009.26","DOI":"10.1057\/ivs.2009.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christian Tominski Stefan Gladisch Ulrike Kister Raimund Dachselt and Heidrun Schumann. 2017. Interactive lenses for visualization: An extended survey. Computer Graphics Forum 36 6 (2017) 173\u2013200. 10.1111\/cgf.12871","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"Laurens van\u00a0der Maaten and Geoffrey Hinton. 2008. Visualizing Data using t-SNE. Journal of Machine Learning Research 9 86 (2008) 2579\u20132605. http:\/\/jmlr.org\/papers\/v9\/vandermaaten08a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"vegadimpvis 2018. Global Development Example. https:\/\/vega.github.io\/vega\/examples\/global-development\/. Accessed: 2023-03-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of OOPSLA\u201995 Workshop on Design Patterns for Concurrent, Parallel, and Distributed Object-Oriented Systems","author":"Vermeulen Allan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allan Vermeulen, Gabe Beged-Dov, and Patrick Thompson. 1995. The pipeline design pattern. In Proceedings of OOPSLA\u201995 Workshop on Design Patterns for Concurrent, Parallel, and Distributed Object-Oriented Systems. Citeseer."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John\u00a0M. Vlissides and Mark\u00a0A. Linton. 1990. Unidraw: A Framework for Building Domain-Specific Graphical Editors. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 8 3 (July 1990) 237\u2013268. 10.1145\/98188.98197","DOI":"10.1145\/98188.98197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645772.667941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yunhai Wang Yanyan Wang Haifeng Zhang Yinqi Sun Chi-Wing Fu Michael Sedlmair Baoquan Chen and Oliver Deussen. 2018. Structure-aware fisheye views for efficient large graph exploration. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 25 1 (2018) 566\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2004.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","unstructured":"Wikimedia Foundation. 2017. Wikipedia Clickstream. https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Research:Wikipedia_clickstream. Accessed: 2024-03-15."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21551-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2003.1249008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06793-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","unstructured":"Chhavi Yadav and L\u00e9on Bottou. 2019. Cold Case: The Lost MNIST Digits. CoRR abs\/1905.10498 (May 2019). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1905.10498https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1905.10498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ji\u00a0Soo Yi Youn ah Kang John Stasko and Julie\u00a0A. Jacko. 2007. Toward a deeper understanding of the role of interaction in information visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics 13 6 (2007) 1224\u20131231. 10.1109\/tvcg.2007.70515","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2007.70515"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ji\u00a0Soo Yi Rachel Melton John\u00a0T. Stasko and Julie\u00a0A. Jacko. 2005. Dust & Magnet: multivariate information visualization using a magnet metaphor. Information Visualization 4 3 (2005) 239\u2013256. 10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500099","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2014.17"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3713769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1751606655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3713769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3713769","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713769","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}