{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:55:55Z","timestamp":1783007755125,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":139,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714089","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:30:09Z","timestamp":1745465409000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Intimate Data Sharing: Enhancing Transparency and Control in Fertility Tracking"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2634-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Ida","family":"Hudig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5102-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jatinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom and Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security of the University Alliance Ruhr, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. PyShark. https:\/\/github.com\/KimiNewt\/pyshark"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Majid Al-Ruithe Elhadj Benkhelifa and Khawar Hameed. 2019. A Systematic Literature Review of Data Governance and Cloud Data Governance. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 23 5 (Nov. 2019) 839\u2013859. 10.1007\/s00779-017-1104-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-017-1104-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2311.15432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3547522.3547674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96180-013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"FemTech Analytics. [n. d.]. FemTech Market Overview. https:\/\/www.femtech.health\/femtech-market-overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jef Ausloos and Pierre Dewitte. 2018. Shattering One-Way Mirrors \u2013 Data Subject Access Rights in Practice. International Data Privacy Law 8 1 (Feb. 2018) 4\u201328. 10.1093\/idpl\/ipy001","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipy001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Ava\u00a0Women Ava\u00a0Women. [n. d.]. \u2019Support your workforce in achieving their family-planning goals.\u2019. https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/employers"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2662155.2662213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207727"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Solon Barocas and Helen Nissenbaum. 2009. On Notice: The Trouble with Notice and Consent. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2567409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elettra Bietti. 2019. Consent as a Free Pass: Platform Power and the Limits of the Informational Turn. Pace Law Review 40 1 (2019) 310\u2013398. https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/P?h=hein.journals\/pace40&i=310","DOI":"10.58948\/2331-3528.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A. Brown. 2020. The Femtech Paradox: How Workplace Monitoring Threatens Women\u2019s Equity. Jurimetrics 61 (2020) 289.","DOI":"10.5465\/AMBPP.2020.14160abstract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chola Chhetri and Vivian Genaro\u00a0Motti. 2022. User-Centric Privacy Controls for Smart Homes. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 6 CSCW2 (Nov. 2022) 349:1\u2013349:36. 10.1145\/3555769","DOI":"10.1145\/3555769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40477-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julie\u00a0E. Cohen. 2018. The Biopolitical Public Domain: the Legal Construction of the Surveillance Economy. Philosophy & Technology 31 2 (June 2018) 213\u2013233. 10.1007\/s13347-017-0258-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0258-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"European Commission. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Federal\u00a0Trade Commission. 2021. FTC Finalizes Order with Flo Health a Fertility-Tracking App that Shared Sensitive Health Data with Facebook Google and Others. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/news\/press-releases\/2021\/06\/ftc-finalizes-order-flo-health-fertility-tracking-app-shared-sensitive-health-data-facebook-google"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stephen Cook Maryam Mehrnezhad and Ehsan Toreini. 2024. Bluetooth Security Analysis of General and Intimate Health IoT Devices and Apps: the Case of FemTech. International Journal of Information Security (Aug. 2024). 10.1007\/s10207-024-00883-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-024-00883-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3375029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayara Costa\u00a0Figueiredo Clara Caldeira Elizabeth\u00a0Victoria Eikey Melissa Mazmanian and Yunan Chen. 2018. Engaging with Health Data: The Interplay Between Self-Tracking Activities and Emotions in Fertility Struggles. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2 CSCW (Nov. 2018) 40:1\u201340:20. 10.1145\/3274309","DOI":"10.1145\/3274309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayara Costa\u00a0Figueiredo Thu Huynh Anna Takei Daniel\u00a0A Epstein and Yunan Chen. 2021. Goals Life Events and Transitions: Examining Fertility Apps for Holistic Health Tracking. JAMIA Open 4 1 (Jan. 2021) ooab013. 10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooab013","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooab013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nathan Crilly. 2015. Fixation and Creativity in concept Development: The Attitudes and Practices of Expert Designers. Design Studies 38 (May 2015) 54\u201391. 10.1016\/j.destud.2015.01.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3561212.3561245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"DigitalHealth.London. 2024. Getting FemTech into the NHS. https:\/\/digitalhealth.london\/getting-femtech-into-the-nhs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ilker Etikan Sulaiman\u00a0Abubakar Musa and Rukayya\u00a0Sunusi Alkassim. 2015. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 5 1 (Dec. 2015) 1\u20134. 10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11 Number: 1 Publisher: Science Publishing Group.","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayara\u00a0Costa Figueiredo Elizabeth Ankrah Jacquelyn\u00a0E. Powell Daniel\u00a0A. Epstein and Yunan Chen. 2023. Powered by AI: Examining How AI Descriptions Influence Perceptions of Fertility Tracking Applications. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7 4 (Dec. 2023) 1\u201324. 10.1145\/3631414","DOI":"10.1145\/3631414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","unstructured":"Center for Reproductive\u00a0Rights. [n. d.]. The World\u2019s Abortion Laws. https:\/\/reproductiverights.org\/maps\/worlds-abortion-laws\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Wireshark Foundation. [n. d.]. TShark. https:\/\/www.wireshark.org\/docs\/man-pages\/tshark.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rebecca\u00a0S. French Jill Shawe Nerissa Tilouche Sarah Earle and Pippa Grenfell. 2022. (Not) Talking About Fertility: The Role of Digital Technologies and Health Services in Helping Plan Pregnancy. A Qualitative Study. BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 48 1 (Jan. 2022) 16\u201321. 10.1136\/bmjsrh-2020-200862 Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group Section: Original research.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2020-200862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katie Gambier-Ross David\u00a0J McLernon and Heather\u00a0M Morgan. 2018. A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study of Women\u2019s Relationships With and Uses of Fertility Tracking Apps. Digital Health 4 (Jan. 2018) 2055207618785077. 10.1177\/2055207618785077 Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd.","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207618785077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonzalo\u00a0Munilla Garrido Johannes Sedlmeir \u00d6mer Uluda\u011f Ilias\u00a0Soto Alaoui Andre Luckow and Florian Matthes. 2022. Revealing the Landscape of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in the Context of Data Markets for the IoT: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 207 (Nov. 2022) 103465. 10.1016\/j.jnca.2022.103465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2022.103465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michele\u00a0Estrin Gilman. 2021. Periods for Profit and the Rise of Menstrual Surveillance 2021 Thirtieth Anniversary Symposium: Are You There Law? It\u2019s Me Menstruation. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 41 (2021) 100\u2013113. 10.52214\/cjgl.v41i1.8824","DOI":"10.52214\/cjgl.v41i1.8824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546155.3546646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","unstructured":"The\u00a0TCPDump Group. [n. d.]. TCPDump. https:\/\/www.tcpdump.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1125451.1125615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Josie Hamper. 2022. A fertility app for two? Women\u2019s perspectives on sharing conceptive fertility work with male partners. Culture Health & Sexuality 24 12 (Dec. 2022) 1713\u20131728. 10.1080\/13691058.2021.2002414","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2021.2002414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tereza Hendl and Bianca Jansky. 2022. Tales of Self-Empowerment Through Digital Health Technologies: a Closer Look at \u2018Femtech\u2019. Review of Social Economy 80 1 (Jan. 2022) 29\u201357. 10.1080\/00346764.2021.2018027","DOI":"10.1080\/00346764.2021.2018027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johannes Heurix Peter Zimmermann Thomas Neubauer and Stefan Fenz. 2015. A Taxonomy for Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Computers & Security 53 (Sept. 2015) 1\u201317. 10.1016\/j.cose.2015.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsiu-Fang Hsieh and Sarah\u00a0E. Shannon. 2005. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research 15 9 (Nov. 2005) 1277\u20131288. 10.1177\/1049732305276687 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.2560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","volume-title":"Transparency in the Consumer Internet of Things: Data Flows and Data Rights","author":"Hudig Anna\u00a0Ida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anna\u00a0Ida Hudig, Chris Norval, and Jatinder Singh. 2023. Transparency in the Consumer Internet of Things: Data Flows and Data Rights. Technical Report. Information Commissioner\u2019s Office. https:\/\/iot-transparency.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"ICO. 2023. ICO to review period and fertility tracking apps as poll shows more than half of women are concerned over data security. Information Commissioner\u2019s Office (Sept. 2023). https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/about-the-ico\/media-centre\/news-and-blogs\/2023\/09\/ico-to-review-period-and-fertility-tracking-apps\/ Publisher: ICO."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"Privacy International. 2019. No Body\u2019s Business But Mine: How Menstruation Apps Are Sharing Your Data. http:\/\/www.privacyinternational.org\/long-read\/3196\/no-bodys-business-mine-how-menstruations-apps-are-sharing-your-data"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","unstructured":"IPInfo.io. [n. d.]. IP Info. https:\/\/ipinfo.io\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heleen Janssen and Jatinder Singh. 2022. The Data Intermediary. Internet Policy Review 11 1 (March 2022). 10.14763\/2022.1.1644","DOI":"10.14763\/2022.1.1644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasper Karlgren Barry Brown and Donald McMillan. 2022. From Self-Tracking to Sleep-Hacking: Online Collaboration on Changing Sleep. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 6 CSCW2 (Nov. 2022) 517:1\u2013517:26. 10.1145\/3555630","DOI":"10.1145\/3555630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4396029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenny Kitzinger. 1994. The Methodology of Focus Groups: The Importance of Interaction Between Research Participants. Sociology of Health & Illness 16 1 (1994) 103\u2013121. 10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11347023 _eprint: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11347023.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11347023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","unstructured":"Naomi Kresge Ilya Khrennikov and David Ramli. 2019. Period-Tracking Apps Are Monetizing Women\u2019s Extremely Personal Data. Bloomberg.com (Jan. 2019). https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-01-24\/how-period-tracking-apps-are-monetizing-women-s-extremely-personal-data"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob\u00a0Leon Kr\u00f6ger Otto Hans-Martin Lutz and Stefan Ullrich. 2021. The Myth of Individual Control: Mapping the Limitations of Privacy Self-management. 10.2139\/ssrn.3881776","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3881776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elina Kuosmanen Aku Visuri Saba Kheirinejad Niels van Berkel Heli Koskim\u00e4ki Denzil Ferreira and Simo Hosio. 2022. How Does Sleep Tracking Influence Your Life? Experiences from a Longitudinal Field Study with a Wearable Ring. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 6 MHCI (Sept. 2022) 185:1\u2013185:19. 10.1145\/3546720","DOI":"10.1145\/3546720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hyunsoo Lee Soowon Kang and Uichin Lee. 2022. Understanding Privacy Risks and Perceived Benefits in Open Dataset Collection for Mobile Affective Computing. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 6 2 (July 2022) 61:1\u201361:26. 10.1145\/3534623","DOI":"10.1145\/3534623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","unstructured":"Qualtrics LLC. [n. d.]. Qualtrics. https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xi Lu Edison Thomaz and Daniel\u00a0A. Epstein. 2022. Understanding People\u2019s Perceptions of Approaches to Semi-Automated Dietary Monitoring. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 6 3 (Sept. 2022) 129:1\u2013129:27. 10.1145\/3550288","DOI":"10.1145\/3550288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton. 2013. Quantifying the Body: Monitoring and Measuring Health in the Age of mHealth Technologies. Critical Public Health 23 4 (Dec. 2013) 393\u2013403. 10.1080\/09581596.2013.794931 Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2013.794931.","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2013.794931"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton. 2015. Quantified Sex: A Critical Analysis of Sexual and Reproductive Self-Tracking Using Apps. Culture Health & Sexuality 17 4 (April 2015) 440\u2013453. 10.1080\/13691058.2014.920528","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.920528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton. 2020. Australian Women\u2019s Use of Health and Fitness Apps and Wearable Devices: A Feminist New Materialism Analysis. Feminist Media Studies 20 7 (Oct. 2020) 983\u2013998. 10.1080\/14680777.2019.1637916","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2019.1637916"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42681-165-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lisa\u00a0Mekioussa Malki Ina Kaleva Dilisha Patel Mark Warner and Ruba Abu-Salma. 2024. Exploring Privacy Practices of Female mHealth Apps in a Post-Roe World. Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (May 2024) 1\u201324. 10.1145\/3613904.3642521","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368860.3368867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anna\u00a0Maria Mandalari Hamed Haddadi David Choffness and Daniel Dubois. 2021. IoTrim. https:\/\/iotrim.github.io\/","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","unstructured":"Allison McCann and Amy\u00a0Schoenfeld Walker. 2022. Tracking Abortion Bans Across the Country. The New York Times (May 2022). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2024\/us\/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"Aleecia\u00a0M. McDonald and Lorrie\u00a0Faith Cranor. 2008. The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies. I\/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society 4 (2008) 543."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nora McDonald and Nazanin Andalibi. 2023. \u201cI Did Watch \u2018The Handmaid\u2019s Tale\u2019\u201d: Threat Modeling Privacy Post-roe in the United States. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 30 4 (Aug. 2023) 1\u201334. 10.1145\/3589960","DOI":"10.1145\/3589960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liz McFall. 2019. Personalizing Solidarity? The Role of Self-Tracking in Health Insurance Pricing. Economy and Society 48 1 (Jan. 2019) 52\u201376. 10.1080\/03085147.2019.1570707 Publisher: Routledge.","DOI":"10.1080\/03085147.2019.1570707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW51379.2020.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3617072.3617100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3549015.3554204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maryam Mehrnezhad Thyla Van Der\u00a0Merwe and Michael Catt. 2024. Mind the FemTech gap: regulation failings and exploitative systems. Frontiers in the Internet of Things 3 (March 2024). 10.3389\/friot.2024.1296599 Publisher: Frontiers.","DOI":"10.3389\/friot.2024.1296599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199641253.013.0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brent Mittelstadt. 2017. Designing the Health-related Internet of Things: Ethical Principles and Guidelines. Information 8 3 (Sept. 2017) 77. 10.3390\/info8030077 Number: 3 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.","DOI":"10.3390\/info8030077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-42286-730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Morrison. 2021. The Datafication of Fertility and Reproductive Health: Menstrual Cycle Tracking Apps and Ovulation Detection Algorithms. Journal of Research in Gender Studies 11 2 (2021) 139\u2013151. https:\/\/doi:10.22381\/JRGS112202110","DOI":"10.22381\/JRGS112202110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","unstructured":"Helen Nissenbaum. 2004. Privacy as Contextual Integrity. Washington Law Review 79 1 (Feb. 2004) 119. https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.uw.edu\/wlr\/vol79\/iss1\/10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","volume-title":"Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life","author":"Nissenbaum Helen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Helen Nissenbaum. 2010. Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life. Stanford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chris Norval and Jatinder Singh. 2024. A Room With an Overview: Toward Meaningful Transparency for the Consumer Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 11 5 (March 2024) 7583\u20137603. 10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3318369 Conference Name: IEEE Internet of Things Journal.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3318369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","unstructured":"Information\u00a0Commissioner\u2019s Office. 2024. A guide to international transfers. https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/for-organisations\/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources\/international-transfers\/international-transfers-a-guide\/ Publisher: ICO."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","unstructured":"Paul Ohm. 2009. Broken Promises of Privacy: Responding to the Surprising Failure of Anonymization. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=1450006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","unstructured":"Washington Post. 2019. Your pregnancy-tracking app might be sharing your intimate data with your employer. Washington Post (April 2019). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/gender-identity\/your-pregnancy-tracking-app-might-be-sharing-your-intimate-data-with-your-employer\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_112_2","volume-title":"Menstrual Health Apps Market Size & Trends Report, 2030","author":"Research Grand\u00a0View","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grand\u00a0View Research. 2023. Menstrual Health Apps Market Size & Trends Report, 2030. Technical Report GVR-4-68040-084-2. Grand View Research. https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/menstrual-health-apps-market-report"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_113_2","volume-title":"Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers (second edition. ed.)","author":"Ritchie Jane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jane Ritchie, Jane Lewis, Carol McNaughton\u00a0Nicholls, and Rachel Ormston. 2013. Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers (second edition. ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203413081_chapter_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Minna Ruckenstein and Natasha\u00a0Dow Sch\u00fcll. 2017. The Datafication of Health. Annual Review of Anthropology 46 Volume 46 2017 (Oct. 2017) 261\u2013278. 10.1146\/annurev-anthro-102116-041244 Publisher: Annual Reviews.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anthro-102116-041244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_116_2","unstructured":"Sam Schechner. 2019. You Give Apps Sensitive Personal Information. Then They Tell Facebook. Wall Street Journal (Feb. 2019). https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/you-give-apps-sensitive-personal-information-then-they-tell-facebook-11550851636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashraf Shaharudin Bastiaan van Loenen and Marijn Janssen. 2023. Towards a Common Definition of Open Data Intermediaries. Digital Government: Research and Practice 4 2 (June 2023) 6:1\u20136:21. 10.1145\/3585537","DOI":"10.1145\/3585537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_119_2","unstructured":"Amanda Shea. 2024. Scientific research at Clue. https:\/\/helloclue.com\/articles\/about-clue\/scientific-research-at-clue"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanda\u00a0A. Shea Jonathan Thornburg and Virginia\u00a0J. Vitzthum. 2023. Assessment of App-Based Versus Conventional Survey Modalities for Reproductive Health Research in India South Africa and the United States: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Formative Research 7 1 (Dec. 2023) e44705. 10.2196\/44705","DOI":"10.2196\/44705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anastasia Siapka and Elisabetta Biasin. 2021. Bleeding Data: The Case of Fertility and Menstruation Tracking Apps. Internet Policy Review 10 4 (2021) 1\u201334. 10.14763\/2021.4.1599","DOI":"10.14763\/2021.4.1599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203108543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jatinder Singh Jennifer Cobbe and Chris Norval. 2019. Decision Provenance: Harnessing Data Flow for Accountable Systems. IEEE Access 7 (2019) 6562\u20136574. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2887201 Conference Name: IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2887201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jatinder Singh Christopher Millard Chris Reed Jennifer Cobbe and Jon Crowcroft. 2018. Accountability in the IoT: Systems Law and Ways Forward. Computer 51 7 (July 2018) 54\u201365. 10.1109\/MC.2018.3011052 Conference Name: Computer.","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.3011052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jatinder Singh Thomas Pasquier Jean Bacon Hajoon Ko and David Eyers. 2016. Twenty Security Considerations for Cloud-Supported Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 3 3 (June 2016) 269\u2013284. 10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2460333","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2460333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Smullen Yuanyuan Feng Shikun\u00a0(Aerin) Zhang and Norman Sadeh. 2020. The Best of Both Worlds: Mitigating Trade-offs Between Accuracy and User Burden in Capturing Mobile App Privacy Preferences. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (2020). 10.2478\/popets-2020-0011","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2020-0011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_127_2","unstructured":"Daniel\u00a0Justin Solove. 2012. Introduction: Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma. Harvard Law Review 126 (2012) 1880\u20131903."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiurong Song Renkai Ma Yubo Kou and Xinning Gui. 2024. Collective Privacy Sensemaking on Social Media about Period and Fertility Tracking post Roe v. Wade. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 CSCW1 (April 2024) 1\u201335. 10.1145\/3641000","DOI":"10.1145\/3641000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_129_2","unstructured":"Stephanie Stacey. 2024. Privacy fears sap potential of female fertility tech start-ups. Financial Times (June 2024). https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/56585c50-7608-49f3-998d-a7e100e0ddc7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_133_2","unstructured":"United\u00a0Nations (UN). [n. d.]. Population Division Portal. https:\/\/population.un.org\/dataportal\/home?df=6c2c73e8-7091-46a1-a96a-1a0cdf59cb02"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sue Wilkinson. 1998. Focus Groups in Feminist Research: Power Interaction and the Co-Construction of Meaning. Women\u2019s Studies International Forum 21 1 (1998) 111\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5395(97)00080-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2016.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28643-88"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_140_2","volume-title":"The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power","author":"Zuboff Shoshana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shoshana Zuboff. 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Pofile Books Ltd, London."}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3714089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3714089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:11:22Z","timestamp":1751605882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3714089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":139,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3714089","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3714089","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}