{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:13:44Z","timestamp":1764785624598,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":55,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714283","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T03:24:33Z","timestamp":1745465073000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SafeSpect: Safety-First Augmented Reality Heads-up Display for Drone Inspections"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1312-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peisen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore and IPAL, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENAC, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8994-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Tsang","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Jouffrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPAL, CNRS, Singapore, Singapore and IRIT, Univ of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64816-31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Dany\u00a0Naser Addin and Benoit Ozell. 2021. Design and test of an adaptive augmented reality interface to manage systems to assist critical missions. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2103.14160 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"The Tenth International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-10)","author":"Anwar Naveed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naveed Anwar, Muhammad\u00a0Amir Izhar, and Fawad\u00a0Ahmed Najam. 2018. Construction monitoring and reporting using drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In The Tenth International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-10) (Colombo, Sri Lanka). CITC Global, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 8\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Suneel Belkhale Alex Li Gefen Kohavi Murtaza Dalal Daniel Ho Franklin Rice Allan Levy Alex Chan Kevin Yang Valmik Prabhu Isabella Maceda Erin Song Dilan Bhalla Asad Abbasi and Jason Kim. 2018. Unity Drone Simulator. https:\/\/github.com\/UAVs-at-Berkeley\/UnityDroneSim. A drone created for Unity with realistic drone physics intended for Reinforcement Learning Simulation. Project AutoQuad Spring 2018.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grzegorz Borowik Monika Ko\u017cdo\u0144-D\u0119becka and Sebastian Strzelecki. 2022. Mutable Observation Used by Television Drone Pilots: Efficiency of Aerial Filming Regarding the Quality of Completed Shots. Electronics 11 23 (Jan. 2022) 3881. 10.3390\/electronics11233881 Number: 23 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11233881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Josef Buchner Katja Buntins and Michael Kerres. 2022. The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38 1 (2022) 285\u2013303. 10.1111\/jcal.12617","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Building and Construction Authority. 2022. Guidelines on Periodic Facade Inspection. https:\/\/www1.bca.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/docs-corp-regulatory\/building-control\/periodic-facade-inspection\/pfi-guidelines-for-competent-person.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francesco De\u00a0Pace and Hannes Kaufmann. 2023. A systematic evaluation of an RTK-GPS device for wearable augmented reality. Virtual Reality 27 4 (2023) 3165\u20133179.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00863-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SASO.2016.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"DJI. 2018. DJI GS Pro User Manual V2.0. https:\/\/dl.djicdn.com\/downloads\/groundstation_pro\/20181102\/GS_Pro_User_Manual_v2.0_EN_201811.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"DJI. 2021. DJI GO 4. https:\/\/www.dji.com\/sg\/downloads\/djiapp\/dji-go-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation: User-centered Design for the New Millennium","author":"Endsley Mica\u00a0R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mica\u00a0R Endsley, Randy Sollenberger, and Earl Stein. 2000. Situation awareness: A comparison of measures. In Proceedings of the Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation: User-centered Design for the New Millennium. SA Technologies Savannah\u2227 eGA GA, 15\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"SPH Engineering. 2022. Application: Vertical inspections with automatic vertical scan tool of UgCS. https:\/\/www.sphengineering.com\/news\/vertical-inspections-with-automatic-vertical-scan-tool-of-ugcs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Meta for Work. 2024. What\u2019s the difference between AR VR and MR. https:\/\/forwork.meta.com\/sg\/blog\/difference-between-vr-ar-and-mr\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"1st International Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction","author":"Garcia J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Garcia, Anke Brock, Nicolas Saporito, Gautier Hattenberger, Xavier Paris, Michel Gorraz, and Yannick Jestin. 2019. Designing human-drone interactions with the Paparazzi UAV System. In 1st International Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction (Glasgow, United Kingdom). Ecole Nationale de l\u2019Aviation Civile [ENAC]. https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-02128390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srijeet Halder and Kereshmeh Afsari. 2023. Robots in inspection and monitoring of buildings and infrastructure: A systematic review. Applied Sciences 13 4 (2023) 2304.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Hutchinson Hilary","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hilary Hutchinson, Wendy Mackay, Bo Westerlund, Benjamin\u00a0B Bederson, Allison Druin, Catherine Plaisant, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, St\u00e9phane Conversy, Helen Evans, Heiko Hansen, et\u00a0al. 2003. Technology probes: inspiring design for and with families. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). 17\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"JASP Team. 2024. JASP (Version 0.19.0)[Computer software]. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Talia Lavie and Joachim Meyer. 2010. Benefits and costs of adaptive user interfaces. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 68 8 (2010) 508\u2013524. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.01.004 Measuring the Impact of Personalization and Recommendation on User Behaviour.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kisu Lee Goopyo Hong Lee Sael Sanghyo Lee and Ha\u00a0Young Kim. 2020. MultiDefectNet: Multi-Class Defect Detection of Building Fa\u00e7ade Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Sustainability 12 22 (Jan. 2020) 9785. 10.3390\/su12229785 Number: 22 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen-Chin Li Jingyi Zhang Samuel Court Peter Kearney and Graham Braithwaite. 2022. The influence of augmented reality interaction design on Pilot\u2019s perceived workload and situation awareness. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 92 (2022) 103382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2022.103382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"Xiangdong Li Cindy Zheng Zhenghua Pan Zhongnan Huang Yuting Niu Pengfei Wang and Weidong Geng. 2023. Comparative Study on 2D and 3D User Interface for Eliminating Cognitive Loads in Augmented Reality Repetitive Tasks. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction (2023) 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347945"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"2013 AAAI spring symposium series","author":"Lyons Joseph\u00a0B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0B Lyons. 2013. Being transparent about transparency: A model for human-robot interaction. In 2013 AAAI spring symposium series."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811678.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vr55154.2023.00064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"NASA. 2023. Cognitive Workload Assessment Methods OCHMO-TB-032 Rev C. https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ochmo-tb-032-cognitive-workload.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SS\u00a0Muhammad Nizam Rimaniza\u00a0Zainal Abidin Nurhazarifah\u00a0Che Hashim Meng\u00a0Chun Lam Haslina Arshad and NAA Majid. 2018. A review of multimodal interaction technique in augmented reality environment. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol 8 4-2 (2018) 1460.","DOI":"10.18517\/ijaseit.8.4-2.6824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ken Pfeuffer Yasmeen Abdrabou Augusto Esteves Radiah Rivu Yomna Abdelrahman Stefanie Meitner Amr Saadi and Florian Alt. 2021. ARtention: A design space for gaze-adaptive user interfaces in augmented reality. Computers & Graphics 95 (2021) 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Provalis Research. 2023. QDA Miner Lite. https:\/\/provalisresearch.com\/products\/qualitative-data-analysis-software\/freeware\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoda Rahmani and Gary\u00a0R. Weckman. 2023. Working under the Shadow of Drones: Investigating Occupational Safety Hazards among Commercial Drone Pilots. IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors 0 0 (2023) 1\u201313. 10.1080\/24725838.2023.2251009 Publisher: Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2023.2251009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashwin Ram and Shengdong Zhao. 2021. LSVP: Towards Effective On-the-go Video Learning Using Optical Head-Mounted Displays. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5 1 (2021) 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/3448118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Summer Rebensky Meredith Carroll Winston Bennett and Xueyu Hu. 2022. Impact of Heads-Up Displays on Small Unmanned Aircraft System Operator Situation Awareness and Performance: A Simulated Study. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 38 5 (March 2022) 419\u2013431. 10.1080\/10447318.2021.1948683 Publisher: Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2021.1948683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"A subjective rating scale for assessing pilot workload in flight: A decade of practical use","author":"Roscoe Alan\u00a0H","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alan\u00a0H Roscoe and Georges\u00a0A Ellis. 1990. A subjective rating scale for assessing pilot workload in flight: A decade of practical use. Royal Aerospace Establishment."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul\u00a0M Salmon Neville\u00a0A Stanton Guy\u00a0H Walker Daniel Jenkins Darshna Ladva Laura Rafferty and Mark Young. 2009. Measuring Situation Awareness in complex systems: Comparison of measures study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 39 3 (2009) 490\u2013500.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Participatory design: Principles and practices","author":"Schuler Douglas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka. 1993. Participatory design: Principles and practices. CRC press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1166253.1166301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2016.7504691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","volume-title":"AHS (American Helicopter Society) Annual Forum and Technology Display (Forum 70)","author":"Theodore Colin\u00a0R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colin\u00a0R Theodore, Carlos\u00a0A Malpica, Christopher\u00a0L Blanken, Mark\u00a0B Tischler, Ben Lawrence, James\u00a0E Lindsey, and Tom Berger. 2014. Effect of control system augmentation on handling qualities and task performance in good and degraded visual environments. In AHS (American Helicopter Society) Annual Forum and Technology Display (Forum 70)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juhani\u00a0E Tuovinen and John Sweller. 1999. A comparison of cognitive load associated with discovery learning and worked examples. Journal of educational psychology 91 2 (1999) 334.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-0663.91.2.334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julia Woodward Jesse Smith Isaac Wang Sofia Cuenca and Jaime Ruiz. 2023. Designing Critical and Secondary Information in Augmented Reality Headsets for Situational Awareness. Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences 2 3 (2023).","DOI":"10.55708\/js0203001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefanie Zollmann Christof Hoppe Tobias Langlotz and Gerhard Reitmayr. 2014. FlyAR: Augmented Reality Supported Micro Aerial Vehicle Navigation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 20 4 (April 2014) 560\u2013568. 10.1109\/TVCG.2014.24","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.24"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"],"location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3714283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3714283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1751604933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3714283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3714283","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3714283","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}