{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:55:29Z","timestamp":1776102929007,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":106,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship","award":["DGE-1839285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1839285"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3715019","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T14:15:52Z","timestamp":1745849752000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Social by Nature: How Socio-tecture Shapes the Work of SMBs and Considerations for Reimagining Collaborative Human-AI Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2538-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Ankrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kagonya","family":"Awori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Nyairo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3528-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercy","family":"Muchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millicent","family":"Ochieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7355-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0966-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian R","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-0579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacki","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"2019. Small and Medium Enterprises Finance. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/smefinance October 16."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"2022. Statistics in Africa. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/data\/africa\/ September 2."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Worldcoin case a \u2019watershed moment\u2019 for data protection in Kenya","year":"2023","unstructured":"2023. Worldcoin case a \u2019watershed moment\u2019 for data protection in Kenya. https:\/\/iapp.org\/news\/a\/worldcoin-case-a-watershed-moment-for-data-protection-in-kenya\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"2023. Worldcoin suspended in Kenya as thousands queue for free money. (2023). https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-66383325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0S. Achieng and M. Malatji. 2022. Digital transformation of small and medium enterprises in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 18 1 (2022). 10.4102\/td.v18i1.1257","DOI":"10.4102\/td.v18i1.1257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/240080.240193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sara\u00a0L Ackerman Urmimala Sarkar Lina Tieu Margaret\u00a0A Handley Dean Schillinger Kenneth Hahn Mekhala Hoskote Gato Gourley and Courtney Lyles. 2017. Meaningful use in the safety net: a rapid ethnography of patient portal implementation at five community health centers in California. 24 5 (2017) 903\u2013912. 10.1093\/jamia\/ocx015","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Muhammad\u00a0Farid Adilazuarda Sagnik Mukherjee Pradhyumna Lavania Siddhant Singh Ashutosh Dwivedi Alham\u00a0Fikri Aji Jacki O\u2019Neill Ashutosh Modi and Monojit Choudhury. 2024. Towards Measuring and Modeling \"Culture\" in LLMs: A Survey. arXiv preprint 2403.15412 (2024). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2403.15412\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.15412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheila Aikman Anna Robinson-Pant Simon McGrath Catherine Jere Ian Cheffy Spyros Themelis and Alan Rogers. 2016. Challenging Deficit Discourses in International Education and Development. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 46 2 (2016) 314\u2013334.","DOI":"10.1080\/03057925.2016.1134954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arsenii Alenichev Patricia Kingori Jonathan Shaffer and Koen\u00a0Peeters Grietens. 2024. The Elephant in the Room: Reflecting on Text-to-Image Generative AI and Global Health Images. BMJ Global Health 9 4 (2024) e0156012. 10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.C. Alves et\u00a0al. 2020. Crisis Challenges of Small Firms in Macao During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers of Business Research in China 14 1 (2020) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1186\/s11782-020-00094-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134271.3134295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Yannis Arvanitis. 2015. Financing for innovation: what can be done for African SMEs? Africa Economic Brief 6 6 (2015). https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/17309787\/Financing_for_innovation_what_can_be_done_for_African_SMEs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chrisanthi Avgerou. 2008. Information systems in developing countries: a critical research review. Journal of Information Technology 23 3 (2008) 133\u2013146. 10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000136","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seyram Avle Julie Hui Silvia Lindtner and Tawanna Dillahunt. 2019. Additional Labors of the Entrepreneurial Self. 3 (2019) 1\u201324. Issue CSCW. 10.1145\/3359320","DOI":"10.1145\/3359320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Nandwa\u00a0Nelly Awinja and Olanrewaju\u00a0Isola Fatoki. 2021. Effect of digital financial services on the growth of SMEs in Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research 2 1 (2021) 79\u201394. URL if available"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kagonya Awori Melisa\u00a0Achoko Allela Stephanie Nyairo Samuel\u00a0C. Maina and Jacki O\u2019Neill. 2022. \"It\u2019s only when somebody says a tool worked for them that I believe it will work for me\": Socio-tecture as a lens for Digital Transformation. 6 (2022) 1\u201324. Issue CSCW2. 10.1145\/3555584","DOI":"10.1145\/3555584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems","author":"Beyer Hugh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt. 1998. Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.193030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003276135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Coney. 2022. Why you being WEIRD to me? Reflections of a Black researcher on WEIRD-ness in HCI. XRDS: Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students 28 4 (2022). 10.1145\/3538541","DOI":"10.1145\/3538541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeff Cummings Alan Dennis Shawn O\u2019Donoghue and Kevin Cooney. 2018. The Benefit of Being Second: An Event Study of Social Media Adoption. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems 49 2 (2018) 54\u201378.","DOI":"10.1145\/3229335.3229340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Reuben Day. 2024. U.S. Development Agencies Should Embrace AI to Transform the U.S.-Africa Relationship. https:\/\/carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com\/static\/files\/Day_AI%20in%20Africa_final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","volume-title":"The other path: The invisible revolution in the third world","author":"Soto Hernando de","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hernando de Soto. 1989. The other path: The invisible revolution in the third world. HarperCollins."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406865.3418588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul Dourish. 2003. The Appropriation of Interactive Technologies: Some Lessons from Placeless Documents. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 12 (2003) 465\u2013490. 10.1023\/A:1026149119426","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026149119426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Catherine\u00a0E Draper Caylee\u00a0J Cook Elizabeth\u00a0A Ankrah Franceli\u00a0L Cibtian Jazette Johnson Kimberley\u00a0D Lakes Hanna Mofid Lucretia Williams and Gillian\u00a0R Hayes. 2023. Young children\u2019s mental well-being in vulnerable South African settings: qualitative insights for Mazi Umntanakho co-design. (2023). 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3720363\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3720363\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jaime D\u00edaz-Arancibia Jorge Hochstetter-Diez Ana Bustamante-Mora Samuel Sep\u00falveda-Cuevas Isidora Albayay and Jeferson Arango-L\u00f3pez. 2024. Navigating Digital Transformation and Technology Adoption: A Literature Review from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Countries. Sustainability 16 14 (2024) 5946. 10.3390\/su16145946","DOI":"10.3390\/su16145946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katja Einola and Violetta Khoreva. 2023. Best friend or broken tool? Exploring the co-existence of humans and artificial intelligence in the workplace ecosystem. 62 1 (2023) 117\u2013135. 10.1002\/hrm.22147 _eprint: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hrm.22147.","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.22147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherif Elsayed-Ali Elizabeth Bonsignore and Joyce Chan. 2023. Exploring Challenges to Inclusion in Participatory Design From the Perspectives of Global North Practitioners. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7 CSCW1 (2023) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3579606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Fairlie. 2020. The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence from the First Three Months after Widespread Social-Distancing Restrictions. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 29 4 (2020) 727\u2013740.","DOI":"10.1111\/jems.12400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martha\u00a0S. Feldman. 2004. Resources in Emerging Structures and Processes of Change. Organization Science 15 3 (2004) 295\u2013309. 10.1287\/orsc.1040.007","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1040.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raya Fidel Annelise\u00a0Mark Pejtersen Bryan Cleal and Harry Bruce. 2004. A multidimensional approach to the study of human-information interaction: A case study of collaborative information retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 55 11 (2004) 939\u2013953. 10.1002\/asi.20041","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"W. Fogarty H. Bulloch S. McDonnell and M. Davis. 2018. Deficit Discourse and Indigenous Health: How Narrative Framings of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Are Reproduced in Policy. https:\/\/www.lowitja.org.au\/resource\/Deficit-Discourse-and-Indigenous-Health\/ Accessed: [Date Accessed]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batya Friedman. 1996. Value-sensitive design. Interactions 3 6 (1996) 16\u201323. 10.1145\/242485.242493","DOI":"10.1145\/242485.242493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","first-page":"289","volume-title":"The Ethics of Information Technologies (1 ed.)","author":"Friedman Batya","unstructured":"Batya Friedman, Peter\u00a0H Kahn\u00a0Jr, and Alan Borning. [n. d.]. Value sensitive design and information systems. In The Ethics of Information Technologies (1 ed.). Routledge, 289\u2013313."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","unstructured":"Saifaddin Galal. 2022. Median age in Africa 2000-2030. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1226158\/median-age-of-the-population-of-africa\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Retrieved November 21 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gregory Gondwe. 2023. CHATGPT and the Global South: How Are Journalists in Sub-Saharan Africa Engaging with Generative AI? Online Media and Global Communication 2 2 (2023) 228\u2013249. 10.1515\/omgc-2023-0023","DOI":"10.1515\/omgc-2023-0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark Granovetter. 1983. The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited. Sociological Theory 1 (1983) 201\u2013233. 10.2307\/202051","DOI":"10.2307\/202051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christina Harrington Sheena Erete and Anne\u00a0Marie Piper. 2019. Deconstructing Community-Based Collaborative Design: Towards More Equitable Participatory Design Engagements. 3 (2019) 216:1\u2013216:25. Issue CSCW. 10.1145\/3359318","DOI":"10.1145\/3359318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gillian\u00a0R. Hayes. 2011. The relationship of action research to human-computer interaction. 18 3 (2011) 15:1\u201315:20. 10.1145\/1993060.1993065","DOI":"10.1145\/1993060.1993065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"Rapid Contextual Design: A How-to Guide to Key Techniques for User-Centered Design","author":"Holtzblatt Karen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karen Holtzblatt, Jessamyn\u00a0Burns Wendell, and Shelley Wood. 2004. Rapid Contextual Design: A How-to Guide to Key Techniques for User-Centered Design. Elsevier. Google-Books-ID: yzOrcSl6zvMC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3638193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w16721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nkonko\u00a0M. Kamwangamalu. 1999. Ubuntu in South Africa: a sociolinguistic perspective to a pan-African concept. (1999). 10.1080\/02560049985310111 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.1080\/02560049985310111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3047273.3047397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","volume-title":"Facing Mount Kenya: The Tribal Life of Gikuyu","author":"Kenyatta Jomo","year":"1965","unstructured":"Jomo Kenyatta. 1965. Facing Mount Kenya: The Tribal Life of Gikuyu. Vintage Books, New York, N.Y. xxi, 326 pages. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/facingmountkenya0000keny Includes glossary and index."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","unstructured":"Annamarie Kiaga and Vicky Leung. 2020. The Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy in Africa. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/transition-informal-formal-economy-africa-0 December 31."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3663384.3663407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448696.3448746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yasmine Kotturi Allie Blaising Sarah\u00a0E. Fox and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2021. The Unique Challenges for Creative Small Businesses Seeking Feedback on Social Media. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (2021) 1\u201327. 10.1145\/3449089","DOI":"10.1145\/3449089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","unstructured":"Marion Kretzschmar. 2021. A Roadmap to Support SMEs in the SADC Region to Prepare for Digital Transformation. PhD diss. Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","unstructured":"M. Letseka. 2011. In Defence of Ubuntu. https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/LETIDO Accessed: 11 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shayne Longpre Robert Mahari Anthony Chen Naana Obeng-Marnu Damien Sileo William Brannon Niklas Muennighoff Nathan Khazam Jad Kabbara Kartik Perisetla Xinyi\u00a0(Alexis) Wu Enrico Shippole Kurt Bollacker Tongshuang Wu Luis Villa Sandy Pentland and Sara Hooker. 2024. A Large-Scale Audit of Dataset Licensing and Attribution in AI. Nature Machine Intelligence 6 8 (2024) 975\u2013987. 10.1038\/s42256-024-00878-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-024-00878-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1460563.1460585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gary Marsden Andrew Maunder and Matthew Parker. 2008. People Are People but Technology Is Not Technology.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","unstructured":"Nokwanda Mathenjwa. 2023. Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in African Firms for Potential Export-led Industrialisation. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bill Maurer. 2012. Mobile Money: Communication Consumption and Change in the Payments Space. 48 5 (2012) 589\u2013604. 10.1080\/00220388.2011.621944 Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220388.2011.621944.","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2011.621944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","volume-title":"African Religions & Philosophy","author":"Mbiti J.S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"J.S. Mbiti. 1990. African Religions & Philosophy. Heinemann."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moira Mcgregor Nicola\u00a0J. Bidwell Vidya Sarangapani Jonathan Appavoo and Jacki O\u2019Neill. 2019. Talking about Chat at Work in the Global South : An Ethnographic Study of Chat Use in India and Kenya. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 1\u201314. https:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-177856","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","unstructured":"Dan Milmo and Dan Milmo Global\u00a0technology editor. 2023. Kenya halts Worldcoin data collection over privacy and security concerns. (2023). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2023\/aug\/03\/kenya-halts-worldcoin-data-collection-over-privacy-and-security-concerns"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","unstructured":"Nika Naghavi. 2022. State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money - 2021. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60152-243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Micheal Nayebare. 2019. Artificial intelligence policies in Africa over the next five years. 26 2 (2019) 50\u201354. 10.1145\/3368075","DOI":"10.1145\/3368075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Ngara. 2008. African Ways of Knowing and Pedagogy Revisited. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 2 2 (2008). 10.20355\/c5301m","DOI":"10.20355\/c5301m"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","unstructured":"Trinh Nguyen\u00a0Thi Ngoc and Amany Elbanna. 2023. UNDERSTANDING HUMAN-AI AUGMENTATION IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT CONTEXT: A LITERATURE REVIEW. (2023) 406. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2023_rp\/406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278681.3278702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanda\u00a0J Orlikowski. 2002. Knowing in Practice: Enacting a Collective Capability in Distributed Organizing. 13 3 (2002).","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.13.3.249.2776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.E. Owusu-Ansah and G. Mji. 2013. African Indigenous Knowledge and Research. African Journal of Disability 2 1 (2013) 5.","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v2i1.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","unstructured":"Jacki O\u2019Neill Vukosi Marivate Barbara Glover Winnie Karanu Girmaw\u00a0Abebe Tadesse Akua Gyekye Anne Makena Wesley Rosslyn-Smith Matthew Grollnek Charity Wayua Rehema Baguma Angel Maduke Sarah Spencer Daniel Kandie Dennis\u00a0Ndege Maari Natasha Mutangana Maxamed Axmed Nyambura Kamau Muhammad Adamu Frank Swaniker Brian Gatuguti Jonathan Donner Mark Graham Janet Mumo Caroline Mbindyo Charlette N\u2019Guessan Irene Githinji Lesego Makhafola Sean Kruger Olivia Etyang Mulang Onando Joe Sevilla Nanjira Sambuli Martin Mbaya Paul Breloff Gideon\u00a0M. Anapey Tebogo\u00a0L. Mogaleemang Tiyani Nghonyama Muthoni Wanyoike Bhekani Mbuli Lawrence Nderu Wambui Nyabero Uzma Alam Kayode Olaleye Caroline Njenga Abigail Sellen David Kairo Rutendo Chabikwa Najeeb\u00a0G. Abdulhamid Ketry Kubasu Chinasa\u00a0T. Okolo Eugenia Akpo Joel Budu Issa Karambal Joseph Berkoh William Wasswa Muchai Njagwi Rob Burnet Loise Ochanda Hanlie de Bod Elizabeth Ankrah Selemani Kinyunyu Mutembei Kariuki Kizito Kiyimba Farida Eleshin Lillian\u00a0Secelela Madeje Catherine Muraga Ida Nganga Judy Gichoya Tabbz Maina Samuel Maina Mercy Muchai Millicent Ochieng and Stephanie Nyairo. 2024. AI and The Future of Work in Africa White Paper. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prodnew\/2024\/06\/Whitepaper-AIandTheFutureofWorkinAfrica-June24.pdf Retrieved September 12 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","unstructured":"B. Pon. 2020. The Race to Digitize Commerce in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Jumia and Facebook Are Competing Even Though They\u2019re Playing Different Games. https:\/\/medium.com\/caribou-digital\/the-race-to-digitize-commerce-in-sub-saharan-africa-252b2f977c86"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","unstructured":"Marigo Raftopoulos and Juho Hamari. 2023. HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN ORGANISATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENABLING VALUE CREATION. (2023). https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2023_rp\/381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OZCHI.1996.559984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madhu\u00a0C. Reddy Paul Dourish and Wanda Pratt. 2016. Temporality in Medical Work: Time also Matters. 15 1 (2016) 29\u201353. 10.1007\/s10606-005-9010-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-005-9010-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.193028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarah R\u00fcller Konstantin Aal Simon Holdermann et\u00a0al. 2022. \u2018Technology is Everywhere we have the Opportunity to Learn it in the Valley\u2019: The Appropriation of a Socio-Technical Enabling Infrastructure in the Moroccan High Atlas. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 31 (2022) 197\u2013236. 10.1007\/s10606-021-09401-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-021-09401-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3393914.3395864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarah R\u00fcller Konstantin Aal Peter Tolmie Andrea Hartmann Markus Rohde and Volker Wulf. 2022. Speculative Design as a Collaborative Practice: Ameliorating the Consequences of Illiteracy through Digital Touch. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 29 3 (2022) 23:1\u201323:58. 10.1145\/3487917","DOI":"10.1145\/3487917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","volume-title":"Lectures on Conversation","author":"Sacks Harvey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harvey Sacks. 1992. Lectures on Conversation. Vol.\u00a01 & 2. Basil Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448696.3448704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","volume-title":"The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (2 ed.)","author":"Salda\u00f1a Johnny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnny Salda\u00f1a. 2013. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (2 ed.). SAGE. www.sagepublications.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julia Schwaeke Anna Peters Dominik\u00a0K. Kanbach Sascha Kraus and Paul Jones. 2024. The new normal: The status quo of AI adoption in SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management 0 0 (2024) 1\u201335. 10.1080\/00472778.2024.2379999","DOI":"10.1080\/00472778.2024.2379999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucy\u00a0A. Suchman. 2002. Practice-Based Design of Information Systems: Notes from the Hyperdeveloped World. Information Society 18 2 (2002) 139\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","volume-title":"Conference paper given at EASST, Edinburgh (copies available from the authors)","author":"Tolmie Peter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peter Tolmie, John Hughes, Mark Rouncefield, and Wes Sharrock. 1998. Managing relationships\u2014where the \"virtual\" meets the \"real\". In Conference paper given at EASST, Edinburgh (copies available from the authors)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kentaro Toyama. 2016. The Internet and Inequality. Commun. ACM 59 4 (2016) 28\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/2892557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2556971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","unstructured":"Langdon Winner. 1980. Do Artifacts Have Politics?109 1 (1980) 121\u2013136. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20024652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","unstructured":"H. Winschiers-Theophilus K.L. Jensen and K. Rodil. 2012. Locally Situated Digital Representation of Indigenous Knowledge. https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/WINLSD Accessed: 12 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/257089.257365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","unstructured":"World Economic Forum. 2023. The AI Divide Means the Economic and Social Benefits of AI Remain Geographically Concentrated Primarily in the Global North. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2023\/01\/davos23-ai-divide-global-north-global-south\/ Retrieved September 12 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1958824.1958902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haochuan Zhu Bei Yu Aaron Halfaker and Loren Terveen. 2018. Value-sensitive algorithm design: Method case study and lessons. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2 CSCW (2018) 1\u201323. 10.1145\/3274463","DOI":"10.1145\/3274463"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2025: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Yokohama Japan","acronym":"CHI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3715019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3706598.3715019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:22:15Z","timestamp":1751606535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3706598.3715019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3706598.3715019","10.1145\/3706598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3715019","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}