{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T02:44:42Z","timestamp":1778553882328,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":88,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008579","name":"Liikesivistysrahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3708359.3712160","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:50:34Z","timestamp":1742388634000},"page":"1624-1638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["\u201cYou Always Get an Answer\u201d: Analyzing Users\u2019 Interaction with AI-Generated Personas Given Unanswerable Questions and Risk of Hallucination"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9429-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kaate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marketing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joni","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Gyo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0110-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trang Thi Thu","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marketing and Communication, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5561-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essi","family":"H\u00e4yh\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0490-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinan Y.","family":"Azem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, Doha, Qatar,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU, Doha, Qatar,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594806.3596572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2023.3254179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-018-0531-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","article-title":"Imaginary People Representing Real Numbers: Generating Personas from Online Social Media Data","volume":"12","author":"An Jisun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jisun An, Haewoon Kwak, Joni Salminen, Soon-gyo Jung, and Bernard J. Jansen. 2018. Imaginary People Representing Real Numbers: Generating Personas from Online Social Media Data. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB) 12, 3 (2018).","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2012.2202401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.1838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/hcomp.v7i1.5285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/jd-06-2021-0118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1thci.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Tell me a story: Using personas to enhance student engagement","volume":"14","author":"Brien Emma O.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emma O. Brien and Aoife Chawke. 2022. Tell me a story: Using personas to enhance student engagement. All Ireland Journal of Higher Education 14, 1 (2022). Retrieved March 14, 2024 from https:\/\/ojs.aishe.org\/index.php\/aishe-j\/article\/view\/595","journal-title":"All Ireland Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301275.3302289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627106.3627196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity (1 edition ed.). Sams - Pearson Education","author":"Cooper Alan","unstructured":"Alan Cooper. 1999. The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity (1 edition ed.). Sams - Pearson Education, Indianapolis, IN."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1166120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","volume-title":"Writing user personas with Large Language Models: Testing phase 6 of a Thematic Analysis of semi-structured interviews. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.18099","author":"Paoli Stefano De","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stefano De Paoli. 2023. Writing user personas with Large Language Models: Testing phase 6 of a Thematic Analysis of semi-structured interviews. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.18099 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517441113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Anthropomorphization of AI: Opportunities and Risks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14784","author":"Deshpande Ameet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ameet Deshpande, Tanmay Rajpurohit, Karthik Narasimhan, and Ashwin Kalyan. 2023. Anthropomorphization of AI: Opportunities and Risks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14784 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.array.2022.100186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301275.3302310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","volume-title":"Agency theory: An assessment and review","author":"Eisenhardt Kathleen M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. 1989. Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review 14, 1 (1989), 57\u201374."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085x.2023.2272608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2021.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21606\/drs.2018.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","volume-title":"Using proto-personas for executive alignment. UX Magazine","author":"Gothelf Jeff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeff Gothelf. 2012. Using proto-personas for executive alignment. UX Magazine (2012), Article No: 821."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"Why personas work: The psychological evidence. The Persona Lifecycle","author":"Grudin Jonathan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jonathan Grudin. 2006. Why personas work: The psychological evidence. The Persona Lifecycle (2006), 642\u2013663."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","volume-title":"Participatory Design and Product Development: An Infrastructure for Engagement. In Proceedings of Participation and Design Conference (PDC2002)","author":"Grudin Jonathan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jonathan Grudin and John Pruitt. 2002. Personas, Participatory Design and Product Development: An Infrastructure for Engagement. In Proceedings of Participation and Design Conference (PDC2002), 2002. Sweden, 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4877398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","volume-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2021","author":"Hannun Awni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Awni Hannun, Chuan Guo, and Laurens van der Maaten. 2021. Measuring data leakage in machine-learning models with fisher information. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2021. PMLR, 760\u2013770. Retrieved March 14, 2024 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v161\/hannun21a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3154776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392878"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1pais.14301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/dim-2020-0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3176349.3176893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3605390.3605397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3631700.3664882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/2983270","article-title":"Battling algorithmic bias: How do we ensure algorithms treat us fairly","volume":"59","author":"Kirkpatrick Keith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keith Kirkpatrick. 2016. Battling algorithmic bias: How do we ensure algorithms treat us fairly? Communications of the ACM 59, 10 (2016), 16\u201317.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Kulkarni Mandar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mandar Kulkarni, Praveen Tangarajan, Kyung Kim, and Anusua Trivedi. 2024. Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing RAG for Domain Chatbots. Retrieved March 14, 2024 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.06800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-03542-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"The use of ChatGPT in the digital era: Perspectives on chatbot implementation","volume":"6","author":"Limna Pongsakorn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pongsakorn Limna, Tanpat Kraiwanit, Kris Jangjarat, Prapasiri Klayklung, and Piyawatjana Chocksathaporn. 2023. The use of ChatGPT in the digital era: Perspectives on chatbot implementation. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching 6, 1 (2023), 64\u201374.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Irish Ergonomics Society Annual Conference","author":"Long Frank","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frank Long. 2009. Real or imaginary: The effectiveness of using personas in product design. In Proceedings of the Irish Ergonomics Society Annual Conference, 2009. Irish Ergonomics Society Dublin."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2023.3332837"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-7427-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijskd.2015010104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240866.1240905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefano Nolfi. 2023. On the Unexpected Abilities of Large Language Models. 10.48550\/arXiv.2308.09720","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2308.09720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"AI.","year":"2022","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2022. Introducing ChatGPT | OpenAI. Retrieved October 20, 2024 from https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/chatgpt\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/997078.997089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40685-018-0069-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","volume-title":"Jansen","author":"Salminen Joni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joni Salminen, Kathleen Guan, Soon-Gyo Jung, and Bernard J. Jansen. 2021. A Survey of 15 Years of Data-Driven Persona Development. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction (2021), 1\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21153\/psj2018vol4no2art737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3511047.3536403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48057-7_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21153\/psj2021vol7no1art1236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","volume-title":"Proceedings at SIDER\u201914Royal Institute of Technology, KTH","author":"Seidelin Cathrine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cathrine Seidelin, A. Jonsson, M. H\u00f8gild, J. R\u00f8mer, and P. Diekmann. 2014. Implementing Personas for International Markets: A Question of UX Maturity. Proceedings at SIDER\u201914Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448241234040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3660729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Shneiderman. 2022. Human-centered AI. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192845290.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","volume-title":"Designing the user interface: strategies for effective human-computer interaction","author":"Shneiderman Ben","unstructured":"Ben Shneiderman and Catherine Plaisant. 2010. Designing the user interface: strategies for effective human-computer interaction (5th ed ed.). Addison-Wesley, Boston.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3439869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15678\/EBER.2023.110201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Linyao Yang Hongyang Chen Zhao Li Xiao Ding and Xindong Wu. 2024. Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modeling. 10.48550\/arXiv.2306.11489","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2306.11489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang Varsha Kishore Felix Wu Kilian Q. Weinberger and Yoav Artzi. 2019. BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT. 10.48550\/ARXIV.1904.09675","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1904.09675"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","volume-title":"PersonaGen: A Tool for Generating Personas from User Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.00390","author":"Zhang Xishuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xishuo Zhang, Lin Liu, Yi Wang, Xiao Liu, Hailong Wang, Anqi Ren, and Chetan Arora. 2023. PersonaGen: A Tool for Generating Personas from User Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.00390 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion","author":"Zhou Michelle X.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Michelle X. Zhou, Wenxi Chen, Ziang Xiao, Huahai Yang, Tracy Chi, and Ransom Williams. 2019. Getting virtually personal: chatbots who actively listen to you and infer your personality. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion, 2019. ACM, 123\u2013124."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1812.00315"}],"event":{"name":"IUI '25: 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","location":"Cagliari Italy","acronym":"IUI '25","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708359.3712160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3708359.3712160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:57:06Z","timestamp":1750298226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708359.3712160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3708359.3712160","10.1145\/3708359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708359.3712160","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}