{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:44:57Z","timestamp":1791481497218,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62201233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022957","name":"Double Thousand Plan of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["jxsq2023201118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["jxsq2023201118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Fund Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["20232ACB212004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232ACB212004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vision is the most important sense for people, and it is also one of the main ways of cognition. As a result, people tend to utilize visual content to capture and share their life experiences, which greatly facilitates the transfer of information. Meanwhile, it also increases the risk of privacy violations, e.g., an image or video can reveal different kinds of privacy-sensitive information. Scholars have persistently pursued the advancement of tailored privacy protection measures. Various surveys attempt to consolidate these efforts from specific viewpoints. Nevertheless, these surveys tend to focus on particular issues, scenarios, or technologies, hindering a comprehensive overview of existing solutions on a broader scale. In this survey, a framework that encompasses various concerns and solutions for visual privacy is proposed, which allows for a macro understanding of privacy concerns from a comprehensive level. It is based on the fact that privacy concerns have corresponding adversaries, and divides privacy protection into three categories, based on computer vision (CV) adversary, based on human vision (HV) adversary, and based on CV &amp; HV adversary. For each category, we analyze the characteristics of the main approaches to privacy protection, and then systematically review representative solutions. Open challenges and future directions for visual privacy protection are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3708501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T05:25:16Z","timestamp":1734326716000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Visual Content Privacy Protection: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimedia Intelligent Processing, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8183-8435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimedia Intelligent Processing, Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5532-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenying","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimedia Intelligent Processing, Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Geelong, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.2.1.401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3062977"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2022.3228679"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531330"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360638"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2015.7285023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00233"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVIIE.2005.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.05.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"Matic Broz. 2023. Number of Photos (2023): Statistics Facts & Predictions. Retrieved from https:\/\/photutorial.com\/photos-statistics\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2023.3238641"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/265563.265573"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803803"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67664-3_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3142993"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2017.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Cherepanova Valeriia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valeriia Cherepanova, Micah Goldblum, Harrison Foley, Shiyuan Duan, John P. Dickerson, Gavin Taylor, and Tom Goldstein. 2021. LowKey: Leveraging adversarial attacks to protect social media users from facial recognition. In Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. Retrieved from https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=hJmtwocEqzc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77409-9_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/293411.293475"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","volume-title":"Security and Usability: Designing Secure Systems that People Can Use","author":"Cranor Lorrie Faith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lorrie Faith Cranor and Simson Garfinkel. 2005. Security and Usability: Designing Secure Systems that People Can Use. O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc.."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01953"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Deepfakes. 2017. Faceswap. Retrieved from https:\/\/github.com\/deepfakes\/faceswap"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2014.6890932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00520"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01481"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00741"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2008.928225"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-019-10163-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Privacy and confidentiality in process mining: Threats and research challenges","volume":"13","author":"Elkoumy Gamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gamal Elkoumy, Stephan A. Fahrenkrog-Petersen, Mohammadreza Fani Sani, Agnes Koschmider, Felix Mannhardt, Saskia Nu\u00f1ez Von Voigt, Majid Rafiei, and Leopold Von Waldthausen. 2021. Privacy and confidentiality in process mining: Threats and research challenges. ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst. 13, 1, Article 11 (2021), 17 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","volume-title":"MediaEval","author":"Erd\u00e9lyi \u00c1d\u00e1m","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00c1d\u00e1m Erd\u00e9lyi, Thomas Winkler, and Bernhard Rinner. 2014. Multi-level cartooning for context-aware privacy protection in visual sensor networks. In MediaEval."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2014.6918642"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"13038","volume-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst.","author":"Fang Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao Fang, Yu Qi, and Gang Pan. 2020. Reconstructing perceptive images from brain activity by shape-semantic GAN. In Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst., H. Larochelle, M. Ranzato, R. Hadsell, M. F. Balcan, and H. Lin (Eds.). Vol. 33. Curran Associates, Inc., 13038\u201313048. Retrieved from https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2020\/file\/9813b270ed0288e7c0388f0fd4ec68f5-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","first-page":"14549","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision","author":"G Vijay Kumar B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vijay Kumar B G, Jeyasri Subramanian, Varnith Chordia, Eugene Bart, Shaobo Fang, Kelly Guan, and Raja Bala. 2021. STRIVE: Scene text replacement in videos. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision. 14549\u201314558."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Scanning iPhones to save children: Apple\u2019s on-device hashing algorithm should survive a fourth amendment challenge","volume":"127","author":"Gernand Timothy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Timothy Gernand. 2022. Scanning iPhones to save children: Apple\u2019s on-device hashing algorithm should survive a fourth amendment challenge. Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present) 127, 1 (2022), 307.","journal-title":"Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03087298.1977.10442876"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","volume-title":"Psychology and Life","author":"Gerrig Richard J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richard J. Gerrig, Philip G. Zimbardo, Andrew J. Campbell, Steven R. Cumming, and Fiona J. Wilkes. 2015. Psychology and Life. Pearson Higher Education AU."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58592-1_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG52635.2021.9666933"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173621"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","volume-title":"IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recogn. Workshops","author":"Kapadia Eman T. Hassan; Rakibul Hasan; Patrick Shaffer; David Crandall; Apu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eman T. Hassan; Rakibul Hasan; Patrick Shaffer; David Crandall; Apu Kapadia. 2017. Cartooning for enhanced privacy in lifelogging and streaming videos. In IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recogn. Workshops."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2016.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2916751"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","volume-title":"Color and Color Perception: A Study in Anthropocentric Realism","author":"Hilbert David R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"David R. Hilbert. 1987. Color and Color Perception: A Study in Anthropocentric Realism. Csli Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00257"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","volume-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst.","author":"Ilyas Andrew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrew Ilyas, Shibani Santurkar, Dimitris Tsipras, Logan Engstrom, Brandon Tran, and Aleksander Madry. 2019. Adversarial examples are not bugs, they are features. In Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst., Vol. 32. Retrieved from https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2019\/file\/e2c420d928d4bf8ce0ff2ec19b371514-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19775-8_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343031.3351088"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0742-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548235"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00435"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2023.3341799"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120960"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2012.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3436755"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3547299"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3029904"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1897438"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9746848"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3446877"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBGRAPI.2018.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3558518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445719"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3096024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3024026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272743"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10982-017-9307-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16811-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-017-0067-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00728"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2016.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00883"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2022.3172724"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2907328.2907467"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxu066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3159583"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","article-title":"On the (im) practicality of adversarial perturbation for image privacy","author":"Rajabi Arezoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arezoo Rajabi, Rakesh B. Bobba, Mike Rosulek, Charles Wright, and Wu-chi Feng. 2024. On the (im) practicality of adversarial perturbation for image privacy. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 1 (2024), 85\u2013106.","journal-title":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"Allison Reed. 2021. Visual Content vs Text Content\u2014Epic Face-off with Obvious Winner. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.motocms.com\/blog\/en\/visual-content-vs-text-content\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01350"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2016.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01324"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","volume-title":"Cognitive Psychology","author":"Solso Robert L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robert L. Solso, M. Kimberly MacLin, and Otto H. MacLin. 2005. Cognitive Psychology. Pearson Education New Zealand."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2008.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550454.3555506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","first-page":"630","volume-title":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","author":"Sun Yuanyi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuanyi Sun, Sencun Zhu, and Yu Chen. 2022. ZoomP 3: Privacy-preserving publishing of online video conference recordings. In Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 630\u2013649."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2022.3185964"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23432"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"The right to privacy","volume":"4","author":"Thomson Judith Jarvis","year":"1975","unstructured":"Judith Jarvis Thomson. 1975. The right to privacy. Philos. Public Aff. 4, 4 (1975), 295\u2013314. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2265075","journal-title":"Philos. Public Aff."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.2979440"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2019.00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01083"},{"issue":"3152676","key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"The EU general data protection regulation (GDPR)","volume":"10","author":"Voigt Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul Voigt and Axel Von dem Bussche. 2017. The EU general data protection regulation (GDPR). A Practical Guide, 1st Ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing 10, 3152676 (2017), 10\u20135555.","journal-title":"A Practical Guide, 1st Ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00366"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2017.2764109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00661"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2545883"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2756601.2756618"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449907"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3448618"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-020-00830-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3026709"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01270-0_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7350779"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01232"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3245984"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9148656"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01966-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3325906"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2022.3207755"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524273.3528189"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","volume-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst.","author":"Yin Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong Yin, Raphael Gontijo Lopes, Jon Shlens, Ekin Dogus Cubuk, and Justin Gilmer. 2019. A fourier perspective on model robustness in computer vision. In Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst., Vol. 32."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162685"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3632292"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547757"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3280341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3070348"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490237"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548386"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3175602"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3029913"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375627.3375849"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","first-page":"14789","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision","author":"Zhu Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Zhu, Xianda Guo, Tian Yang, Junjie Huang, Jiankang Deng, Guan Huang, Dalong Du, Jiwen Lu, and Jie Zhou. 2021. Gait recognition in the wild: A benchmark. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision. 14789\u201314799."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9747456"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3708501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:09:54Z","timestamp":1750280994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3708501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}