{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1784399866245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Science Foundation\u2019s Intergovernmental Personnel Act Independent Research & Development Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009226","name":"US National Security Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["H982302110324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H982302110324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Florida International University Graduate School, Cyber Florida"},{"name":"Google ASPIRE Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Ransomware is an increasingly prevalent form of malware targeting end-users, governments, and businesses. As it has evolved, adversaries added new capabilities to their arsenal. We propose a next-generation browser-based ransomware,\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            , which performs its malicious actions via web technologies, File System Access API (FSA) and WebAssembly (Wasm).\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            uses this API through the victims\u2019 browsers; hence, it does not require the victims to download and install malicious binaries. We performed extensive evaluations with three different OSs, 23 file formats, 29 distinct directories, five cloud providers, and four antivirus solutions. Our evaluations show that\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            can encrypt various types of files in the local and cloud-integrated directories, external storage devices, and network-shared folders of victims. Our experiments also reveal that popular cloud solutions, Box Individual and Apple iCloud can be severely affected by\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            . Moreover, we conducted tests with commercial antivirus software such as AVG, Avast, Kaspersky, and Malware Bytes that perform sensitive directory and suspicious behavior monitoring against ransomware. We verified that\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            can evade these antivirus software and encrypt victim files. Moreover, existing ransomware detection solutions in the literature also cannot be a remedy against\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            due to its distinct features. Therefore, in this paper, we also propose\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8Bguard<\/jats:sc>\n            , a new detection system for\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            -like attacks.\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8Bguard<\/jats:sc>\n            monitors the web applications that use the FSA API via function hooking and uses a machine learning classifier to detect\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            -like attacks. We implemented a proof of concept version of\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8Bguard<\/jats:sc>\n            and our evaluation results show that\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8Bguard<\/jats:sc>\n            can detect\n            <jats:sc>R\u00f8B<\/jats:sc>\n            -like browser-based ransomware attacks effectively. We also provide future research directions that should be addressed in this domain.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3708514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T11:24:15Z","timestamp":1734434655000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ransomware Over Modern Web Browsers: A Novel Strain and a New Defense Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5472-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcliz Seray","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4114-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4891-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Babun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selcuk","family":"Uluagac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"2022. The File System Access API with Origin Private File System. https:\/\/webkit.org\/blog\/12257\/the-file-system-access-api-with-origin-private-file-system\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","author":"Acar Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas Acar, G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay, Esteban Luques, Harun Oz, Ahmet Aris, and Selcuk Uluagac. 2024. 50 shades of support: A device-centric analysis of Android security updates. In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"22nd USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Akhawe Devdatta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Devdatta Akhawe and Adrienne Porter Felt. 2013. Alice in warningland: A large-scale field study of browser security warning effectiveness. In 22nd USENIX Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30880\/ijie.2018.10.06.011","article-title":"Zero-day aware decision fusion-based model for crypto-ransomware early detection","author":"Al-rimy B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"B. Al-rimy, M. Maarof, Y. Prasetyo, M. Mohd Shaid Z. Syed, Shaid, and Asmawi Fadillah Mohd Ariffin. 2018. Zero-day aware decision fusion-based model for crypto-ransomware early detection. International Journal of Integrated Engineering (2018).","journal-title":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73951-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Pieter Arntz. 2017. Analyzing Malware by API Calls. https:\/\/blog.malwarebytes.com\/threat-analysis\/2017\/10\/analyzing-malware-by-api-calls\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Avast. 2022. Avast One Essential Protection for Your Life Today. https:\/\/www.avast.com\/en-us\/avast-one#pc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"AVG. 2022. Get Free Antivirus that\u2019s Trusted by Experts. https:\/\/www.avg.com\/en-us\/homepage#pc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3507657.3528560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Brave. 2019. Remove Support for Native File System API. https:\/\/github.com\/brave\/brave-browser\/issues\/11407#issuecomment-851742821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641554.3701958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Software-defined networking-based crypto ransomware detection using HTTP traffic characteristics","author":"Cabaj Krzysztof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krzysztof Cabaj, Marcin Gregorczyk, and Wojciech Mazurczyk. 2018. Software-defined networking-based crypto ransomware detection using HTTP traffic characteristics. Computers and Electrical Engineering (2018).","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Using software-defined networking for ransomware mitigation: The case of CryptoWall","author":"Cabaj Krzysztof","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krzysztof Cabaj and Wojciech Mazurczyk. 2016. Using software-defined networking for ransomware mitigation: The case of CryptoWall. IEEE Network (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2023.3332004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"NDSS","author":"Cayir Derin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Derin Cayir, Reham Mohamed, Riccardo Lazzeretti, Marco Angelini, Abbas Acar, Mauro Conti, Z. Berkay Celik, and Selcuk Uluagac. 2025. Speak Up, I\u2019m listening: Extracting speech from zero-permission VR sensors. In NDSS."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"31st USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Chen Yunang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yunang Chen, Yue Gao, Nick Ceccio, Rahul Chatterjee, Kassem Fawaz, and Earlence Fernandes. 2022. Experimental security analysis of the app model in business collaboration platforms. In 31st USENIX Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Chromium. 2023. File System Access Web API - Chromium Security Model. https:\/\/bit.ly\/2kEi4nI"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991079.2991110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3320269.3384727"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Dropbox. 2020. Version History Overview. https:\/\/help.dropbox.com\/files-folders\/restore-delete\/version-history-overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2945171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2009.06.016","article-title":"Bringing science to digital forensics with standardized forensic corpora","author":"Garfinkel Simson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simson Garfinkel, Paul Farrell, Vassil Roussev, and George Dinolt. 2009. Bringing science to digital forensics with standardized forensic corpora. Digital Investigation (2009).","journal-title":"Digital Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Google. 2023. View Activity & File Versions. https:\/\/support.google.com\/drive\/answer\/2409045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","author":"Han Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao Han, Junjie Xiong, Wenbo Shen, Zhuo Lu, and Yao Liu. 2022. Location heartbleeding: The rise of Wi-Fi spoofing attack via geolocation API. In ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","article-title":"Two-stage ransomware detection using dynamic analysis and machine learning techniques","author":"Hwang Jinsoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jinsoo Hwang, Jeankyung Kim, Seunghwan Lee, and Kichang Kim. 2020. Two-stage ransomware detection using dynamic analysis and machine learning techniques. Wireless Personal Communications (2020).","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","article-title":"Multilayer ransomware detection using grouped registry key operations, file entropy and file signature monitoring","author":"Jethva Brijesh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brijesh Jethva, Issa Traor\u00e9, Asem Ghaleb, Karim Ganame, and Sherif Ahmed. 2019. Multilayer ransomware detection using grouped registry key operations, file entropy and file signature monitoring. Journal of Computer Security (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Security"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Kaspersky. 2022. Kaspersky Total Security. https:\/\/usa.kaspersky.com\/total-security"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","volume-title":"25th USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Kharaz A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. Kharaz, S. Arshad, C. Mulliner, W. Robertson, and E. Kirda. 2016. UNVEIL: A large-scale, automated approach to detecting ransomware. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66332-6_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3052973.3053035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","article-title":"Machine learning based file entropy analysis for ransomware detection in backup systems","author":"Lee Kyungroul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kyungroul Lee, Sun-Young Lee, and Kangbin Yim. 2019. Machine learning based file entropy analysis for ransomware detection in backup systems. IEEE Access (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Malwarebytes. 2023. Malwarebytes Browser Guard. https:\/\/www.malwarebytes.com\/browserguard"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Malwarebytes. 2023. Malwarebytes Premium for Windows. https:\/\/www.malwarebytes.com\/premium"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","volume-title":"ICETE","author":"Martinelli F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"F. Martinelli, Francesco Mercaldo, C. Michailidou, and A. Saracino. 2018. Phylogenetic analysis for ransomware detection and classification into families. In ICETE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","article-title":"A new static-based framework for ransomware detection","author":"Medhat M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Medhat, Samir Gaber, and Nashwa Abdelbaki. 2018. A new static-based framework for ransomware detection. 2018 IEEE 16th Intl. Conf. Congress (2018).","journal-title":"2018 IEEE 16th Intl. Conf. Congress"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","volume-title":"Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses","author":"Mehnaz S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Mehnaz, A. Mudgerikar, and E. Bertino. 2018. RWGuard: A real-time detection system against cryptographic ransomware. In Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3457388.3458868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yassine Mekdad Faraz Naseem Ahmet Aris Harun Oz Abbas Acar Lenoardo Babun Selcuk Uluagac G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay and Nasir Ghani. 2024. On the robustness of image-based malware detection against adversarial attack. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53510-9_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","volume-title":"Foundations and Practice of Security","author":"Modi J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Modi, I. Traore, A. Ghaleb, K. Ganame, and S. Ahmed. 2020. Detecting ransomware in encrypted web traffic. In Foundations and Practice of Security."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","unstructured":"Mozilla. 2022. Mozilla Specification Positions. https:\/\/mozilla.github.io\/standards-positions\/#file-system-access"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","article-title":"A survey on security and privacy issues in modern healthcare systems: Attacks and defenses","author":"Newaz A. K. M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"A. K. M. Newaz, Amit Kumar Sikder, Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman, and A. Selcuk Uluagac. 2020. A survey on security and privacy issues in modern healthcare systems: Attacks and defenses. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.07359 (2020).","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.07359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"OneDrive. 2021. Restore a Previous Version of a File Stored in OneDrive. https:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/en-us\/office\/restore-a-previous-version-of-a-file-stored-in-onedrive-159cad6d-d76e-4981-88ef-de6e96c93893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","article-title":"Dynamic malware analysis in the modern era\u2013A state of the art survey","author":"Or-Meir Ori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ori Or-Meir, Nir Nissim, Yuval Elovici, and Lior Rokach. 2019. Dynamic malware analysis in the modern era\u2013A state of the art survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (2019).","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","first-page":"7073","volume-title":"32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201923)","author":"Oz Harun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harun Oz, Ahmet Aris, Abbas Acar, G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay, Leonardo Babun, and Selcuk Uluagac. 2023. R\u00f8B: Ransomware over modern web browsers. In 32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201923). USENIX Association, Anaheim, CA, 7073\u20137090. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity23\/presentation\/oz"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024 (WWW\u201924)","author":"Oz Harun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harun Oz, Ahmet Aris, Abbas Acar, G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay, Amin Kharraz, and Selcuk Uluagac. 2024. (In) security of file uploads in Node.js. In Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024 (WWW\u201924). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2024.3443625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","volume-title":"43rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201922)","author":"Oz Harun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harun Oz, Faraz Naseem, Ahmet Aris, Abbas Acar, G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay, and A. Selcuk Uluagac. 2022. Poster: Feasibility of malware visualization techniques against adversarial machine learning attacks. In 43rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201922)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","article-title":"Beyond the upload button: A 10-year retrospective on security issues within file upload","author":"Oz Harun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harun Oz, G\u00fcliz Seray Tuncay, Ahmet Aris, Amin Kharraz, and Selcuk Uluagac. 2024. Beyond the upload button: A 10-year retrospective on security issues within file upload. IEEE Communications Magazine (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3171174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI.2018.8628743","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI\u201918)","author":"Poudyal S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Poudyal, K. P. Subedi, and D. Dasgupta. 2018. A framework for analyzing ransomware using machine learning. In 2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI\u201918). 1692\u20131699."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","unstructured":"Puppeteer. 2023. Puppeteer. https:\/\/pptr.dev\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","article-title":"Ransomware detection method based on context-aware entropy analysis","author":"Sangmoon J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Sangmoon and W. Yoojae. 2018. Ransomware detection method based on context-aware entropy analysis. Soft Computing (2018).","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","volume-title":"IEEE 36th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"Scaife N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"N. Scaife, H. Carter, P. Traynor, and K. R. B. Butler. 2016. CryptoLock (and Drop It): Stopping ransomware attacks on user data. In IEEE 36th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","author":"Tian Yuan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuan Tian, Ying Chuan Liu, Amar Bhosale, Lin Shung Huang, Patrick Tague, and Collin Jackson. 2014. All your screens are belong to us: Attacks exploiting the HTML5 screen sharing API. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","unstructured":"Trendmicro. 2022. Antivirus+ Security. https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/en_me\/forHome\/products\/antivirus-plus.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"Can I use. 2023. Can I use File System Access API?https:\/\/caniuse.com\/native-filesystem-api"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","volume-title":"28th USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Heijden Amber van der","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amber van der Heijden and Luca Allodi. 2019. Cognitive triaging of phishing attacks. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emanuel von Zezschwitz Serena Chen and Emily Stark. 2022. \u201cIt builds trust with the customers\u201d - Exploring user perceptions of the padlock Icon in browser UI(IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops). IEEE Computer Society.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW54247.2022.9833869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","unstructured":"W3C. 2023. File System Access. https:\/\/wicg.github.io\/file-system-access\/#security-ransomware"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","unstructured":"Web Incubator Community Group (WICG). 2023. File System Access. https:\/\/wicg.github.io\/file-system-access\/. Accessed: 2024-10-06."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","unstructured":"Matt Weeks. 2021. Internal Affairs: Hacking File System Access from the Web. https:\/\/i.blackhat.com\/USA21\/Wednesday-Handouts\/us-21-Internal-Affairs-Hacking-File-System-Access-From-The-Web.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","article-title":"Ransomware classification using patch-based CNN and self-attention network on embedded N-grams of opcodes","author":"Zhang Bin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bin Zhang, Wentao Xiao, Xi Xiao, Arun Kumar Sangaiah, Weizhe Zhang, and Jiajia Zhang. 2020. Ransomware classification using patch-based CNN and self-attention network on embedded N-grams of opcodes. Future Generation Computer Systems (2020).","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0008959904650472"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on the Web"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3708514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:17:45Z","timestamp":1750295865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3708514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708514","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-1131","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-114X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}