{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:46:26Z","timestamp":1772304386696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62172286, U2001207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172286, U2001207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022A1515011509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515011509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Computation for Ubiquitous Internet of Things","award":["2023B1212010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212010007"]}]},{"name":"Project of the DEGP","award":["2023KCXTD042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KCXTD042"]}]},{"name":"Tencent\u2019s \u201cRhinoceros Birds\u201d Scientific Research Fund for Young Researchers of Shenzhen University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rise of mobile devices, bel canto practitioners increasingly utilize smart devices as auxiliary tools for improving their singing skills. However, they frequently encounter timbre abnormalities during practice, which, if left unaddressed, can potentially harm their vocal organs. Existing singing assessment systems primarily focus on pitch and melody and lack real-time detection of bel canto timbre abnormalities. Moreover, the diverse vocal habits and timbre compositions among individuals present significant challenges in cross-user recognition of such abnormalities. To address these limitations, we propose TimbreSense, a novel bel canto timbre abnormality detection system. TimbreSense enables real-time detection of the five major timbre abnormalities commonly observed in bel canto singing. We introduce an effective feature extraction pipeline that captures the acoustic characteristics of bel canto singing. By applying temporal average pooling to the Short-Time Fourier Transform spectrogram, we reduce redundancy while preserving essential frequency-domain information. Our system leverages a transformer model with self-attention mechanisms to extract correlation and semantic features of overtones in the frequency domain. Additionally, we employ a few-shot learning approach involving pre-training, meta-learning, and fine-tuning to enhance the system\u2019s cross-domain recognition performance while minimizing user usage costs. Experimental results demonstrate the system\u2019s strong cross-user domain recognition performance and real-time capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3708545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1734434626000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TimbreSense: Timbre Abnormality Detection for Bel Canto with Smart Devices"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8272-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3324-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengzhe","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4314-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongpan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8611-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaishun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus, Guangzhou, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1121\/1.403839","article-title":"Acoustics and perception of overtone singing","volume":"92","author":"Bloothooft Gerrit","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gerrit Bloothooft, Eldrid Bringmann, Marieke Van Cappellen, Jolanda B. Van Luipen, and Koen P. Thomassen. 1992. Acoustics and perception of overtone singing. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 4 (1992), 1827\u20131836.","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453182"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"501.e11\u2013501.e18","article-title":"Singing voice quality: The effects of maxillary dental arch and singing style","volume":"35","author":"Bottalico Pasquale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasquale Bottalico, Mark T. Marunick, Charles J. Nudelman, Jossemia Webster, and Maria Cristina Jackson-Menaldi. 2021. Singing voice quality: The effects of maxillary dental arch and singing style. J. Voice 35, 3 (2021), 501.e11\u2013501.e18.","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3260187"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.3390\/su14052923","article-title":"The sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage with AI: Cantonese opera singing genre classification based on CoGCNet model in China","volume":"14","author":"Chen Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao Chen, Wenfeng Zhao, Qin Wang, and Yawen Zhao. 2022. The sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage with AI: Cantonese opera singing genre classification based on CoGCNet model in China. Sustainability 14, 5 (2022), 2923.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"The Most Common Vocal Fault in the Baritone Voice","author":"Cyphert Matthew Derek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matthew Derek Cyphert. 2022. The Most Common Vocal Fault in the Baritone Voice. Ph. D. Dissertation. West Virginia University."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","article-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy Alexey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et\u00a0al. 2020. An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv:2010.11929. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs.2010.11929","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.11929"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"1126","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Finn Chelsea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chelsea Finn, Pieter Abbeel, and Sergey Levine. 2017. Model-agnostic meta-learning for fast adaptation of deep networks. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1126\u20131135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2946645.2946704"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"912","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC\u201921)","author":"Gupta Chitralekha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chitralekha Gupta, Jinhu Li, and Haizhou Li. 2021. Towards reference-independent rhythm assessment of solo singing. In Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC\u201921). IEEE, 912\u2013919."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/14015439.2014.967364","article-title":"Eliminating paranasal sinus resonance and its effects on acoustic properties of the nasal tract","volume":"41","author":"Havel Miriam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miriam Havel, Tanja Kornes, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, and Johan Sundberg. 2016. Eliminating paranasal sinus resonance and its effects on acoustic properties of the nasal tract. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 41, 1 (2016), 33\u201340.","journal-title":"Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00886"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2020.02.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"964.e11\u2013964.e21","article-title":"The effect of head flexion\/extension on acoustic measures of singing voice quality","volume":"34","author":"Knight Elizabeth Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elizabeth Johnson Knight and Stephen F. Austin. 2020. The effect of head flexion\/extension on acoustic measures of singing voice quality. J. Voice 34, 6 (2020), 964.e11\u2013964.e21.","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IPRIA\u201919)","author":"Kooshan Seyed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seyed Kooshan, Hashemi Fard, and Rahil Mahdian Toroghi. 2019. Singer identification by vocal parts detection and singer classification using lstm neural networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IPRIA\u201919). IEEE, 246\u2013250."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2013.10.019","article-title":"Effects of melody and technique on acoustical and musical features of western operatic singing voices","volume":"28","author":"Larrouy-Maestri Pauline","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pauline Larrouy-Maestri, David Magis, and Dominique Morsomme. 2014. Effects of melody and technique on acoustical and musical features of western operatic singing voices. J. Voice 28, 3 (2014), 332\u2013340.","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912750","article-title":"Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement","volume":"50","author":"Lindblom Bj\u00f6rn","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rn Lindblom and Johan Sundberg. 1971. Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 50, 4B (1971), 1166\u20131179.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2021.07.001","article-title":"Impact of noise on the performance of automatic systems for vocal fold lesions detection","volume":"41","author":"Madruga Mario","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mario Madruga, Yolanda Campos-Roca, and Carlos J P\u00e9rez. 2021. Impact of noise on the performance of automatic systems for vocal fold lesions detection. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 41, 3 (2021), 1039\u20131056.","journal-title":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132241","article-title":"Lower vocal tract morphologic adjustments are relevant for voice timbre in singing","volume":"10","author":"Mainka Alexander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexander Mainka, Anton Poznyakovskiy, Ivan Platzek, Mario Fleischer, Johan Sundberg, and Dirk M\u00fcrbe. 2015. Lower vocal tract morphologic adjustments are relevant for voice timbre in singing. PLoS One 10, 7 (2015), e0132241.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","volume-title":"The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults: A Manual for Teachers of Singing and for Choir Directors","author":"McKinney James C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"James C. McKinney. 2005. The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults: A Manual for Teachers of Singing and for Choir Directors. Waveland Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","article-title":"Using ambulatory voice monitoring to investigate common voice disorders: Research update","author":"Mehta Daryush D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daryush D. Mehta, Jarrad H. Van Stan, Mat\u00edas Za\u00f1artu, Marzyeh Ghassemi, John V Guttag, V\u00edctor M Espinoza, Juan P Cort\u00e9s, Harold A Cheyne, and Robert E Hillman. 2015. Using ambulatory voice monitoring to investigate common voice disorders: Research update. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 3 (2015), 155.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","volume-title":"The Voice Teacher\u2019s Guide to Vocal Health for Voice Students: Preventing, Detecting, and Addressing Symptoms","author":"Milo Sarah Khatcherian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarah Khatcherian Milo. 2014. The Voice Teacher\u2019s Guide to Vocal Health for Voice Students: Preventing, Detecting, and Addressing Symptoms. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(96)80003-8","article-title":"Singing power ratio: Quantitative evaluation of singing voice quality","volume":"10","author":"Omori Koichi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koichi Omori, Ashutosh Kacker, Linda M. Carroll, William D. Riley, and Stanley M. Blaugrund. 1996. Singing power ratio: Quantitative evaluation of singing voice quality. Journal of Voice 10, 3 (1996), 228\u2013235.","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","first-page":"EL22\u2013EL27","article-title":"Automatic speech and singing classification in ambulatory recordings for normal and disordered voices","volume":"146","author":"Ortiz Andrew J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrew J. Ortiz, Laura E. Toles, Katherine L. Marks, Silvia Capobianco, Daryush D. Mehta, Robert E. Hillman, and Jarrad H. Van Stan. 2019. Automatic speech and singing classification in ambulatory recordings for normal and disordered voices. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 146, 1 (2019), EL22\u2013EL27.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","volume-title":"13th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference","author":"Proutskova Polina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polina Proutskova, Christophe Rhodes, Geraint Wiggins, and Tim Crawford. 2012. Breathy or resonant-a controlled and curated dataset for phonation mode detection in singing. In 13th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference. 589--594."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Interspeech","author":"Rouas Jean-Luc","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jean-Luc Rouas and Leonidas Ioannidis. 2016. Automatic classification of phonation modes in singing voice: Towards singing style characterisation and application to ethnomusicological recordings. In Interspeech, Vol. 2016. 150\u2013154."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Physiology & Acoustics of Singing","author":"Salom\u00e3o Gl\u00e1ucia La\u00eds","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gl\u00e1ucia La\u00eds Salom\u00e3o and Johan Sundberg. 2010. Perceptual relevance of voice source characteristics in male singers\u2019 modal and falsetto registers. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Physiology & Acoustics of Singing. 29\u201329."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","article-title":"Imagenet pre-trained models with batch normalization","author":"Simon Marcel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marcel Simon, Erik Rodner, and Joachim Denzler. 2016. Imagenet pre-trained models with batch normalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.01452 (2016).","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.01452"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","article-title":"Prototypical networks for few-shot learning","author":"Snell Jake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jake Snell, Kevin Swersky, and Richard Zemel. 2017. Prototypical networks for few-shot learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017), 1--11.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u201923)","author":"Sun Xiaoheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaoheng Sun, Yuejie Gao, Hanyao Lin, and Huaping Liu. 2023. Tg-Critic: A timbre-guided model for reference-independent singing evaluation. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u201923). IEEE, 1\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0023938","article-title":"Emotional expressivity in singing. assessing physiological and acoustic indicators of two opera singers\u2019 voice characteristics","volume":"155","author":"Sundberg Johan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johan Sundberg, Gl\u00e1ucia La\u00eds Salom\u00e3o, and Klaus R Scherer. 2024. Emotional expressivity in singing. assessing physiological and acoustic indicators of two opera singers\u2019 voice characteristics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, 1 (2024), 18\u201328.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control","author":"Tan Terry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Terry Tan. 2019. Singing evaluation based on deep metric learning. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control. ACM, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","article-title":"Music sense analysis of bel canto audio and bel canto teaching based on LSTM mixed model","author":"Tang Zhangcheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhangcheng Tang. 2022. Music sense analysis of bel canto audio and bel canto teaching based on LSTM mixed model. Mobile Information Systems 2022, 1 (2022), 1875815.","journal-title":"Mobile Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics","volume":"19","author":"Thiemann Joachim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joachim Thiemann, Nobutaka Ito, and Emmanuel Vincent. 2013. The diverse environments multi-channel acoustic noise database (demand): A database of multichannel environmental noise recordings. In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Vol. 19. AIP Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","volume-title":"The Acoustical Foundations of Bel Canto","author":"Uthup Cheruvathur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheruvathur Uthup. 2016. The Acoustical Foundations of Bel Canto. Ph.D. Dissertation. Indiana University."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","volume-title":"Exploring the Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults Encountered During the Training of the Classical Singing Voice","author":"Vuuren Cora-Mari Van","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cora-Mari Van Vuuren et\u00a0al. 2017. Exploring the Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults Encountered During the Training of the Classical Singing Voice. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Pretoria."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"468","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR\u201918)","author":"Wilkins Julia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Julia Wilkins, Prem Seetharaman, Alison Wahl, and Bryan Pardo. 2018. VocalSet: A singing voice dataset. In Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR\u201918). 468\u2013474."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1980.1163387","article-title":"Spectral mismatch due to preemphasis in LPC analysis\/synthesis","volume":"28","author":"Wong D","year":"1980","unstructured":"D Wong, C Hsiao, and J Markel. 1980. Spectral mismatch due to preemphasis in LPC analysis\/synthesis. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Sign. Process. 28, 2 (1980), 263\u2013264.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Sign. Process."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3495243.3560518"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"From fresnel diffraction model to fine-grained human respiration sensing with commodity Wi-Fi devices","volume":"2","author":"Zhang Fusang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fusang Zhang, Daqing Zhang, Jie Xiong, Hao Wang, Kai Niu, Beihong Jin, and Yuxiang Wang. 2018. From fresnel diffraction model to fine-grained human respiration sensing with commodity Wi-Fi devices. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiquitous Technol. 2, 1, Article 53 (2018), 23 pages.","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wear. Ubiquitous Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","first-page":"825","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR\u201921)","author":"Zhang Huan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huan Zhang, Yiliang Jiang, Tao Jiang, and Hu Peng. 2021. Learn by referencing: Towards deep metric learning for singing assessment. In Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR\u201921). 825\u2013832."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","article-title":"KaraTuner: Towards end to end natural pitch correction for singing voice in karaoke","author":"Zhuang Xiaobin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiaobin Zhuang, Huiran Yu, Weifeng Zhao, Tao Jiang, and Peng Hu. 2021. KaraTuner: Towards end to end natural pitch correction for singing voice in karaoke. arXiv:2110.09121. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.09121","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.09121"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"3179","article-title":"Beyond legitimacy, also with identity: Your smart earphones know who you are quietly","volume":"22","author":"Zou Yongpan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yongpan Zou, Haibo Lei, and Kaishun Wu. 2021. Beyond legitimacy, also with identity: Your smart earphones know who you are quietly. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 22, 6 (2021), 3179\u20133192.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3417622"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3708545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:17:46Z","timestamp":1750295866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3708545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}