{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T02:16:52Z","timestamp":1785723412712,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in fabric-based sensors have made it possible to densely instrument textile surfaces on smart toys without changing their look and feel. While such surfaces can be instrumented with traditional sensors, rigid elements change the nature of interaction and diminish the appeal of plush toys.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this work, we propose FabToy, a plush toy instrumented with a 24-sensor array of fabric-based pressure sensors located beneath the surface of the toy to have dense spatial sensing coverage while maintaining the natural feel of fabric and softness of the toy. We optimize both the hardware and software pipeline to reduce overall power consumption while achieving high accuracy in detecting a wide range of interactions at different regions of the toy. Our contributions include a) sensor array fabrication to maximize coverage and dynamic range, b) data acquisition and triggering methods to minimize the cost of sampling a large number of channels, and c) neural network models with early exit to optimize power consumed for computation when processing locally and autoencoder-based channel aggregation to optimize power consumed for communication when processing remotely. We demonstrate that we can achieve high accuracy of more than 83% for robustly detecting and localizing complex human interactions such as swiping, patting, holding, and tickling in different regions of the toy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3708913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1742914141000},"page":"82-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["FabToys: Large Arrays of Fabric-Based Pressure Sensors in Plush Toys to Detect Fine-Grained Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Kiaghadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh","family":"Homayounfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trisha","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376305"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3033047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1992.10475879"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080550978"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","article-title":"Storytoy the interactive storytelling toy","author":"Fontijn W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fontijn, W. and Mendels, P. Storytoy the interactive storytelling toy. In Proceedings of the 2nd Intern. Workshop on Gaming Applications\u00a0(2005).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Intern. 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San\u00a0Diego\u00a0La\u00a0Jolla\u00a0Inst. for\u00a0Cognitive\u00a0Science\u00a0(1985).","journal-title":"Technical\u00a0Report,\u00a0California\u00a0Univ. San\u00a0Diego\u00a0La\u00a0Jolla\u00a0Inst. for\u00a0Cognitive\u00a0Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7900006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Multiprotocol Bluetooth 5.2 SoC supporting Bluetooth Low Energy Bluetooth mesh NFC Thread and Zigbee; https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/y2exto7e."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/898047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vonach E. Ternek M. Gerstweiler G. and Kaufmann H. Design of a health monitoring toy for children. In\u00a0Proceedings\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0the\u00a015th\u00a0Intern.\u00a0Conf.\u00a0on\u00a0Interaction\u00a0Design and\u00a0Children\u00a0(2016) \u00a058\u201367.","DOI":"10.1145\/2930674.2930694"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.12041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415886"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu T.-Y. et al. Capacitivo: Contact-based object recognition on interactive fabrics using capacitive sensing. In Proceedings\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a033rd\u00a0Ann. ACM\u00a0Symp. on\u00a0User\u00a0Interface\u00a0Software\u00a0and\u00a0Technology\u00a0(2020) \u00a0649\u2013661.","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415829"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3284432.3284449"}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3708913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:17:54Z","timestamp":1750295874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3708913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3708913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708913","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}