{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:05:29Z","timestamp":1791612329765,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province in China","award":["2024A1515012226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515012226"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Support-seekers' self-disclosure of their suffering experiences, thoughts, and feelings in the post can help them get needed peer support in online mental health communities (OMHCs). However, such mental health self-disclosure could be challenging. Images can facilitate the manifestation of relevant experiences and feelings in the text; yet, relevant images are not always available. In this paper, we present a technical prototype named MentalImager and validate in a human evaluation study that it can generate topical- and emotional-relevant images based on the seekers' drafted posts or specified keywords. Two user studies demonstrate that MentalImager not only improves seekers' satisfaction with their self-disclosure in their posts but also invokes support-providers' empathy for the seekers and willingness to offer help. Such improvements are credited to the generated images, which help seekers express their emotions and inspire them to add more details about their experiences and feelings. We report concerns on MentalImager and discuss insights for supporting self-disclosure in OMHCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3711031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T01:35:05Z","timestamp":1746236105000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MentalImager: Exploring Generative Images for Assisting Support-Seekers' Self-Disclosure in Online Mental Health Communities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8263-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8589-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2169-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taewook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4638-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuailin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9). https:\/\/m.medsci.cn\/scale\/show.do?id=291e1050f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2685553.2699014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Alison R Spouge, Joseph S Gati, Paula J Foster, and David W Holdsworth.","author":"Batiste Danika L","year":"2004","unstructured":"Danika L Batiste, Alexandra Kirkley, Sheila Laverty, Lisa MF Thain, Alison R Spouge, Joseph S Gati, Paula J Foster, and David W Holdsworth. 2004. High-resolution MRI and micro-CT in an ex vivo rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 12, 8 (2004), 614--626."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3584931.3607496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.2014.903821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283503669"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2835199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14526"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bryan Dosono and Bryan Semaan. 2019. Moderation Practices as Emotional Labor in Sustaining Online Communities: The Case of AAPI Identity Work on Reddit (CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 142). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA 1--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300372","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2732805"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The \"Facebook-self\": Characteristics and psychological predictors of false self-presentation on Facebook. Frontiers in psychology 6","author":"Gil-Or Oren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oren Gil-Or, Yossi Levi-Belz, and Ofir Turel. 2015. The \"Facebook-self\": Characteristics and psychological predictors of false self-presentation on Facebook. Frontiers in psychology 6 (2015), 99."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20120p719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207311281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Progressive Transfer Learning and Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Cross-Domain Skin Disease Classification","author":"Gu Yanyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanyang Gu, Zongyuan Ge, C. Paul Bonnington, and Jun Zhou. 2020. Progressive Transfer Learning and Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Cross-Domain Skin Disease Classification (IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol. 24). IEEE, 1379 -- 1393. Issue 5. 10.1109\/JBHI.2019.2942429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1759"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Jochen Hartmann. 2022. Emotion English DistilRoBERTa-base. https:\/\/huggingface.co\/j-hartmann\/emotion-english-distilroberta-base\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1358628.1358765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392836"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v18i1.31362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2015.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197--4556(83)90021--7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anne Moorhead Diane Hazlett Laura Harrison Jennifer K Carroll Anthea Irwin and Ciska Hoving. 2013. A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of the Uses Benefts and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication (Medicine 2.0: Social Media Open Participatory Collaborative Medicine). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.1933","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2192811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1958824.1958876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2743049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2743049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380079"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3584931.3606993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Visual illness narratives of asthma: explanatory models and health-related behavior. American journal of health behavior 26, 6 (November","author":"Rich Michael","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michael Rich, Jennifer Patashnick, and Richard Chalfen. 2002. Visual illness narratives of asthma: explanatory models and health-related behavior. American journal of health behavior 26, 6 (November 2002), 442--453."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Philip L Rodgers. 2010. Review of the applied suicide intervention skills training program (ASIST): rationale evaluation results and directions for future research. LivingWorks Education Incorporated Calgary Alberta Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3416342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jean Y. Song Sangwook Lee Jisoo Lee Mina Kim and Juho Kim. 2023. ModSandbox: Facilitating Online Community Moderation Through Error Prediction and Improvement of Automated Rules (CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 107). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA 1--20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3581057","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202129109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Towards Generating Image Assets Through Deep Learning for Game Development (2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)). IEEE, 1--29","author":"Tilson Adam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam Tilson and Craig M Gelowitz. 2019. Towards Generating Image Assets Through Deep Learning for Game Development (2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)). IEEE, 1--29. 10.1109\/CCECE.2019.8861965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1979742.1979695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Thang Luong, Gunjan Baid, Ziru Wang, Vijay Vasudevan, Alexander Ku, Yinfei Yang, Burcu Karagol Ayan, Wei Han Ben Hutchinson, Zarana Parekh, Xin Li, Han Zhang, Jason Baldridge, and Yonghui Wu.","author":"Yu Jiahui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiahui Yu, Yuanzhong Xu, Jing Yu Koh, Thang Luong, Gunjan Baid, Ziru Wang, Vijay Vasudevan, Alexander Ku, Yinfei Yang, Burcu Karagol Ayan, Wei Han Ben Hutchinson, Zarana Parekh, Xin Li, Han Zhang, Jason Baldridge, and Yonghui Wu. 2022. Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation. (July 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lvmin Zhang Anyi Rao and Maneesh Agrawala. 2023. Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654930"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--81465--6"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3711031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3711031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:53:11Z","timestamp":1755737591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3711031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3711031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3711031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}