{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:53:18Z","timestamp":1791298398705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-2247357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2247357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>What challenges do volunteers providing peer support in online mental health platforms (OMHPs) face in operating and growing their communities? How could the HCI community develop human-AI systems to help? Recent work on online peer counseling has led to the development of novel AI tools for conversational interaction, but it remains unknown how such technology can fit into broader practices that include extratherapeutic tasks. In this research, we conducted interviews and design exercises with seventeen peer counselors from 7 Cups of Tea, a large online therapy and counseling platform, to design tools --- AI or not --- that resolve challenges that arise from day-to-day community practices. Participant responses suggest three classes of tools that could improve online peer counseling: real-time decision support, productivity, and management and training. Investigation of design motivations surfaced four practice-based challenges including chat interface limitations, difficulties in support seeker management, fragmented contexts of practice, and lack of visibility due to privacy concerns. Based on counselors' discussion of benefits and risks associated with AI features in the tools they designed, we offer suggestions for research on AI tools embedded within peer counseling practices, and connect our findings with broader implications about online peer counseling as a form of volunteer-based mental health practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3711089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T01:35:37Z","timestamp":1746236137000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Practice of Online Peer Counseling and the Potential for AI-Powered Support Tools"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6074-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S","family":"Bruckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI1523_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v18i20.42075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathina Ali Louise Farrer Amelia Gulliver Kathleen M Griffiths et al. 2015. Online peer-to-peer support for young people with mental health problems: a systematic review. JMIR mental health Vol. 2 2 (2015) e4418.","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4418"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00111nolinkurl10.1162\/tacl_a_00111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"On the HORYZON: moderated online social therapy for long-term recovery in first episode psychosis. Schizophrenia research","author":"Alvarez-Jimenez Mario","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Sarah Bendall, Reeva Lederman, Greg Wadley, Gina Chinnery, Sonya Vargas, M Larkin, Eoin Killackey, PD McGorry, and JF Gleeson. 2013. On the HORYZON: moderated online social therapy for long-term recovery in first episode psychosis. Schizophrenia research, Vol. 143, 1 (2013), 143--149."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazanin Andalibi Madison K Flood et al. 2021. Considerations in designing digital peer support for mental health: Interview study among users of a digital support system (Buddy Project). JMIR mental health Vol. 8 1 (2021) e21819.","DOI":"10.2196\/21819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2015.1079308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465805002420"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3532106.3533506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Human-computer interaction and collective intelligence. Handbook of collective intelligence","author":"Bigham Jeffrey P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jeffrey P Bigham, Michael S Bernstein, and Eytan Adar. 2015. Human-computer interaction and collective intelligence. Handbook of collective intelligence, Vol. 57, 4 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07325223.2014.905225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Thematic analysis","author":"Braun Virginia","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis.American Psychological Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1099203.1099205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/HCI2017.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Sociotechnical systems analysis in health care: a research agenda. IIE transactions on healthcare systems engineering","author":"Carayon Pascale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pascale Carayon, Ellen J Bass, Tommaso Bellandi, Ayse P Gurses, M Susan Hallbeck, and Vanina Mollo. 2011. Sociotechnical systems analysis in health care: a research agenda. IIE transactions on healthcare systems engineering, Vol. 1, 3 (2011), 145--160."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.17406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Theory and Practice of Peer Counselling","volume":"42","author":"Carr Rey A","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rey A Carr. 1984. Theory and Practice of Peer Counselling. Educational and Vocational Guidance, Vol. 42 (1984), 1--10.","journal-title":"Educational and Vocational Guidance"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Record-informing and note-taking: A continuation of the debate about their impact on client perceptions. Canadian Psychology\/Psychologie canadienne","author":"Christie Chelsea D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chelsea D Christie, Taryn B Bemister, and Keith S Dobson. 2015. Record-informing and note-taking: A continuation of the debate about their impact on client perceptions. Canadian Psychology\/Psychologie canadienne, Vol. 56, 1 (2015), 118."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Gerald Corey. 2012. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Cengage learning."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Burnout in crisisline volunteers. Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research","author":"Cyr Carolyn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Carolyn Cyr and Peter W Dowrick. 1991. Burnout in crisisline volunteers. Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research, Vol. 18 (1991), 343--354."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted online social therapy for youth mental health. Frontiers in psychology","author":"D'alfonso Simon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simon D'alfonso, Olga Santesteban-Echarri, Simon Rice, Greg Wadley, Reeva Lederman, Christopher Miles, John Gleeson, and Mario Alvarez-Jimenez. 2017. Artificial intelligence-assisted online social therapy for youth mental health. Frontiers in psychology, Vol. 8 (2017), 796."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Using large language models in psychology","volume":"2","author":"Demszky Dorottya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dorottya Demszky, Diyi Yang, David S Yeager, Christopher J Bryan, Margarett Clapper, Susannah Chandhok, Johannes C Eichstaedt, Cameron Hecht, Jeremy Jamieson, Meghann Johnson, et al. 2023. Using large language models in psychology. Nature Reviews Psychology, Vol. 2, 11 (2023), 688--701.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2678025.2701395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Peer counseling: More on an emerging strategy","volume":"33","author":"Downe Alan G","year":"1986","unstructured":"Alan G Downe, Hal A Altmann, and Ione Nysetvold. 1986. Peer counseling: More on an emerging strategy. The School Counselor, Vol. 33, 5 (1986), 355--364.","journal-title":"The School Counselor"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Electronic health records: then, now, and in the future. Yearbook of medical informatics","author":"Evans R Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"R Scott Evans. 2016. Electronic health records: then, now, and in the future. Yearbook of medical informatics, Vol. 25, S 01 (2016), S48--S61."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvia Gherardi et al. 2009. Community of practice or practices of a community. The Sage handbook of management learning education and development (2009) 514--530.","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857021038.n27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Developing a change model for peer worker interventions in mental health services: a qualitative research study. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences","author":"Gillard Steve","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steve Gillard, SL Gibson, Jess Holley, and Mike Lucock. 2015. Developing a change model for peer worker interventions in mental health services: a qualitative research study. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, Vol. 24, 5 (2015), 435--445."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Crisis text-line interventions: Evaluation of texters' perceptions of effectiveness. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior","author":"Gould Madelyn S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madelyn S Gould, Anthony Pisani, Carlos Gallo, Ashkan Ertefaie, Donald Harrington, Caroline Kelberman, and Shannon Green. 2022. Crisis text-line interventions: Evaluation of texters' perceptions of effectiveness. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","series-title":"DAIMI Report Series","volume-title":"Towards participatory design: The head and the heart revisited","author":"Greenbaum Joan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Joan Greenbaum. 1991. Towards participatory design: The head and the heart revisited. DAIMI Report Series, Vol. 20, 374 (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1972.tb02523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230410001700871"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Prathik Senthil, Zahra Ashktorab, Casey Dugan, Werner Geyer, and Diyi Yang.","author":"Hsu Shang-Ling","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shang-Ling Hsu, Raj Sanjay Shah, Prathik Senthil, Zahra Ashktorab, Casey Dugan, Werner Geyer, and Diyi Yang. 2023. Helping the Helper: Supporting Peer Counselors via AI-Empowered Practice and Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.08982 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Interaction design beyond the product: Creating technology-enhanced activity spaces","volume":"27","author":"Kaptelinin Victor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Victor Kaptelinin and Liam J Bannon. 2012. Interaction design beyond the product: Creating technology-enhanced activity spaces. Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 27, 3 (2012), 277--309.","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2011.638001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chris Keyworth Jo Hart Christopher J Armitage and Mary P Tully. 2018. What maximizes the effectiveness and implementation of technology-based interventions to support healthcare professional practice? A systematic literature review. BMC medical informatics and decision making Vol. 18 (2018) 1--21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0661-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Wikibench: Community-Driven Data Curation for AI Evaluation on Wikipedia. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14147","author":"Kuo Tzu-Sheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tzu-Sheng Kuo, Aaron Halfaker, Zirui Cheng, Jiwoo Kim, Meng-Hsin Wu, Tongshuang Wu, Kenneth Holstein, and Haiyi Zhu. 2024. Wikibench: Community-Driven Data Curation for AI Evaluation on Wikipedia. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14147 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278721.3278771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2513179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Some other poor soul's problems'': a peer recommendation intervention for health-related social support. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.04973","author":"Levonian Zachary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zachary Levonian, Matthew Zent, Ngan Nguyen, Matthew McNamara, Loren Terveen, and Svetlana Yarosh. 2022. '' Some other poor soul's problems'': a peer recommendation intervention for health-related social support. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.04973 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v16i1.19318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"International journal of medical informatics","author":"Lluch Maria","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maria Lluch. 2011. Healthcare professionals' organisational barriers to health information technologies\u2014A literature review. International journal of medical informatics, Vol. 80, 12 (2011), 849--862."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Key considerations for incorporating conversational AI in psychotherapy. Frontiers in psychiatry","author":"Miner Adam S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam S Miner, Nigam Shah, Kim D Bullock, Bruce A Arnow, Jeremy Bailenson, and Jeff Hancock. 2019. Key considerations for incorporating conversational AI in psychotherapy. Frontiers in psychiatry, Vol. 10 (2019), 746."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences","author":"Naslund John A","year":"2016","unstructured":"John A Naslund, Kelly A Aschbrenner, Lisa A Marsch, and Stephen J Bartels. 2016. The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, Vol. 25, 2 (2016), 113--122."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Muhammad Salman Shabbir, and Roy Setiawan","author":"Nazari Nabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nabi Nazari, Muhammad Salman Shabbir, and Roy Setiawan. 2021. Application of Artificial Intelligence powered digital writing assistant in higher education: randomized controlled trial. Heliyon, Vol. 7, 5 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Case management in mental health","author":"Onyett Steve","unstructured":"Steve Onyett. 1998. Case management in mental health. Nelson Thornes."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15434610490281075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376465"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"I Want to Be Stepping in More''-Professional Online Forum Moderators' Experiences of Supporting Individuals in a Suicide Crisis. Frontiers in psychiatry","author":"Perry Amanda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amanda Perry, Andrea Lamont-Mills, Jan du Preez, and Carol du Plessis. 2022. ''I Want to Be Stepping in More''-Professional Online Forum Moderators' Experiences of Supporting Individuals in a Suicide Crisis. Frontiers in psychiatry, Vol. 13 (2022), 863509."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2482991.2482992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eric G Poon S Trent Rosenbloom and Kai Zheng. 2021. Health information technology and clinician burnout: current understanding emerging solutions and future directions. 895--898 pages.","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"5","author":"Yamamoto Fujiko Robledo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujiko Robledo Yamamoto, Amy Voida, and Stephen Voida. 2021. From therapy to teletherapy: Relocating mental health services online. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 5, CSCW2 (2021), 1--30."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Sarmistha Dutta, Eva Sharma, and Munmun De Choudhury.","author":"Saha Koustuv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koustuv Saha, Sindhu Kiranmai Ernala, Sarmistha Dutta, Eva Sharma, and Munmun De Choudhury. 2020. Understanding moderation in online mental health communities. In Social Computing and Social Media. Participation, User Experience, Consumer Experience, and Applications of Social Computing: 12th International Conference, SCSM 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19--24, 2020, Proceedings, Part II 22. Springer, 87--107."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v14i1.7326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Eike Von Savigny, et al","author":"Schatzki Theodore R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Theodore R Schatzki, Karin Knorr-Cetina, Eike Von Savigny, et al. 2001. The practice turn in contemporary theory. Vol. 44. Routledge London."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action","author":"Sch\u00f6n Donald A","unstructured":"Donald A Sch\u00f6n. 2017. The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555640nolinkurl10.1145\/3555640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"Peer support in mental health: literature review. JMIR mental health","author":"Hameed Shalaby Reham A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reham A Hameed Shalaby and Vincent IO Agyapong. 2020. Peer support in mental health: literature review. JMIR mental health, Vol. 7, 6 (2020), e15572."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3450097"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00593-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"David Wadden, Khendra G Lucas, Adam S Miner, Theresa Nguyen, and Tim Althoff.","author":"Sharma Ashish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashish Sharma, Kevin Rushton, Inna Wanyin Lin, David Wadden, Khendra G Lucas, Adam S Miner, Theresa Nguyen, and Tim Althoff. 2023b. Cognitive Reframing of Negative Thoughts through Human-Language Model Interaction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.02466 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458219874641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"The methodology of participatory design. Technical communication","author":"Spinuzzi Clay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clay Spinuzzi. 2005. The methodology of participatory design. Technical communication, Vol. 52, 2 (2005), 163--174."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-024-00056-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035099"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SASOW.2015.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Virtual arguments: on the design of argument assistants for lawyers and other arguers","author":"Verheij Bart","unstructured":"Bart Verheij. 2005. Virtual arguments: on the design of argument assistants for lawyers and other arguers. Vol. 6. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.4.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557108nolinkurl10.1145\/2556288.2557108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2541016.2541030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145329nolinkurl10.1145\/2145204.2145329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026008nolinkurl10.1145\/3025453.3026008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300574"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the. .. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media","volume":"2017","author":"Yang Diyi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diyi Yang, Z. Yao, and R. Kraut. 2017b. Self-Disclosure and Channel Difference in Online Health Support Groups. Proceedings of the. .. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Vol. 2017 (2017), 704--707."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"5","author":"Yao Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Yao, Diyi Yang, John M Levine, Carissa A Low, Tenbroeck Smith, Haiyi Zhu, and Robert E Kraut. 2021. Join, Stay or Go? A Closer Look at Members' Life Cycles in Online Health Communities. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1--22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1089"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3711089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3711089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T09:19:16Z","timestamp":1755767956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3711089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3711089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3711089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}