{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:55:05Z","timestamp":1783439705302,"version":"3.54.6"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the FundamentalResearch Funds for the Central Universities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3711896.3737249","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T21:07:39Z","timestamp":1754255259000},"page":"4341-4352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multi-Agent Proactive Information Seeking with Adaptive LLM Orchestration for Non-Factoid Question Answering"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9071-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinran","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengyi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4058-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0377-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024","author":"Asai Akari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akari Asai, Zeqiu Wu, Yizhong Wang, Avirup Sil, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2024. Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflection. In The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024, Vienna, Austria, May 7-11, 2024. OpenReview.net. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=hSyW5go0v8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3531926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Computer networks and ISDN systems","author":"Brin Sergey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Computer networks and ISDN systems, Vol. 30, 1-7 (1998), 107-117."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2404.00610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Brenda Dervin et al. 1983. An overview of sense-making research: Concepts methods and results to date. (1983)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2411.04468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/V1\/2020.EMNLP-MAIN.550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3640543.3645148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/TACL_A_00276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2020","author":"Lewis Patrick S. H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patrick S. H. Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich K\u00fcttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt\u00e4schel, Sebastian Riedel, and Douwe Kiela. 2020. Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2020, NeurIPS 2020, December 6-12, 2020, virtual, Hugo Larochelle, Marc'Aurelio Ranzato, Raia Hadsell, Maria-Florina Balcan, and Hsuan-Tien Lin(Eds.). https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2020\/hash\/6b493230205f780e1bc26945df7481e5-Abstract.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM58522.2023.00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3270750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE65448.2025.00333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Zhuoqun Li Xuanang Chen Haiyang Yu Hongyu Lin Yaojie Lu Qiaoyu Tang Fei Huang Xianpei Han Le Sun and Yongbin Li. 2024. StructRAG: Boosting Knowledge Intensive Reasoning of LLMs via Inference-time Hybrid Information Structurization. arXiv:2410.08815 [cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.08815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2025","author":"Li Zhuoqun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhuoqun Li, Xuanang Chen, Haiyang Yu, Hongyu Lin, Yaojie Lu, Qiaoyu Tang, Fei Huang, Xianpei Han, Le Sun, and Yongbin Li. 2025a. StructRAG: Boosting Knowledge Intensive Reasoning of LLMs via Inference-time Hybrid Information Structurization. In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2025, Singapore, April 24-28, 2025. OpenReview.net. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=GhexuBLxbO"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.20730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas Mesnard Cassidy Hardin Robert Dadashi Surya Bhupatiraju Shreya Pathak Laurent Sifre Morgane Rivi\u00e8re Mihir Sanjay Kale Juliette Love Pouya Tafti L\u00e9onard Hussenot Aakanksha Chowdhery Adam Roberts Aditya Barua Alex Botev Alex Castro-Ros Ambrose Slone Am\u00e9lie H\u00e9liou Andrea Tacchetti Anna Bulanova Antonia Paterson Beth Tsai Bobak Shahriari Charline Le Lan Christopher A. Choquette-Choo Cl\u00e9ment Crepy Daniel Cer Daphne Ippolito David Reid Elena Buchatskaya Eric Ni Eric Noland Geng Yan George Tucker George-Cristian Muraru Grigory Rozhdestvenskiy Henryk Michalewski Ian Tenney Ivan Grishchenko Jacob Austin James Keeling Jane Labanowski Jean-Baptiste Lespiau Jeff Stanway Jenny Brennan Jeremy Chen Johan Ferret Justin Chiu and et al. 2024. Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology. CoRR Vol. abs\/2403.08295 (2024). doi:10.48550\/ARXIV.2403.08295 arXiv:2403.08295","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2403.08295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Tomas Mikolov. 2013. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781(2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback. CoRR","author":"Nakano Reiichiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reiichiro Nakano, Jacob Hilton, Suchir Balaji, Jeff Wu, Long Ouyang, Christina Kim, Christopher Hesse, Shantanu Jain, Vineet Kosaraju, William Saunders, Xu Jiang, Karl Cobbe, Tyna Eloundou, Gretchen Krueger, Kevin Button, Matthew Knight, Benjamin Chess, and John Schulman. 2021. WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback. CoRR, Vol. abs\/2112.09332 (2021). arXiv:2112.09332 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.09332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Tri Nguyen Mir Rosenberg Xia Song Jianfeng Gao Saurabh Tiwary Rangan Majumder and Li Deng. 2016. MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Computation: Integrating neural and symbolic approaches 2016 co-located with the 30th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2016) Barcelona Spain December 9 2016(CEUR Workshop Proceedings Vol. 1773) Tarek Richard Besold Antoine Bordes Artur S. d'Avila Garcez and Greg Wayne(Eds.). CEUR-WS.org. https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-1773\/CoCoNIPS_2016_paper9.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2023. GPT-4 Technical Report. CoRR Vol. abs\/2303.08774 (2023). doi:10.48550\/ARXIV.2303.08774 arXiv:2303.08774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"Yingzhe Peng Xiaoting Qin Zhiyang Zhang Jue Zhang Qingwei Lin Xu Yang Dongmei Zhang Saravan Rajmohan and Qi Zhang. 2024. Navigating the Unknown: A Chat-Based Collaborative Interface for Personalized Exploratory Tasks. arXiv:2410.24032 [cs.HC] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.24032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2411.09607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41405.2020.00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2402.17896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2023","author":"Schick Timo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dess\u00ec, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Eric Hambro, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom. 2023. Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2023, NeurIPS 2023, New Orleans, LA, USA, December 10 - 16, 2023, Alice Oh, Tristan Naumann, Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, and Sergey Levine(Eds.). http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2023\/hash\/d842425e4bf79ba039352da0f658a906-Abstract-Conference.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_29_03_178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FROBT.2024.1422344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/V1\/2024.ACL-LONG.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Information behaviour: an interdisciplinary perspective. Information processing & management","author":"Wilson Tom D","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tom D Wilson. 1997. Information behaviour: an interdisciplinary perspective. Information processing & management, Vol. 33, 4 (1997), 551-572."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","first-page":"1000","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025, Abu Dhabi, UAE","author":"Xin Chunlei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chunlei Xin, Shuheng Zhou, Xuanang Chen, Yaojie Lu, Huijia Zhu, Weiqiang Wang, Zhongyi Liu, Xianpei Han, and Le Sun. 2025. Aligning Retrieval with Reader Needs: Reader-Centered Passage Selection for Open-Domain Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025, Abu Dhabi, UAE, January 19-24, 2025, Owen Rambow, Leo Wanner, Marianna Apidianaki, Hend Al-Khalifa, Barbara Di Eugenio, and Steven Schockaert(Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, 1000-1012. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2025.coling-main.67\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2024.3451185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ARIS.1440390109"}],"event":{"name":"KDD '25: The 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","location":"Toronto ON Canada","acronym":"KDD '25","sponsor":["SIGKDD ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data","SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3711896.3737249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:10:38Z","timestamp":1777572638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3711896.3737249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3711896.3737249","10.1145\/3711896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3711896.3737249","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}