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Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While creative artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming integral to our lives, we know little about what makes us call AI \u201ccreative\u201d. Informed by prior theoretical and empirical work, we investigate how perceiving evidence of a creative act beyond the final product affects our assessment of robot creativity. We study embodiment morphology as a potential moderator of this relationship, informing a 3\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design. In two lab experiments on visual art, participants (N = 30\u2009+\u200960) assessed drawings produced by two physical robots with different morphologies, under exposure to product, process and producer as three levels of perceptual evidence. The data supports that the human assessment of robot creativity is significantly higher the more is revealed beyond the product about the creation process, and eventually the producer. We find no significant effects of embodiment morphology, contrasting existing hypotheses and offering a more detailed understanding for future work. The latter is also informed by additional exploratory analyses revealing factors potentially influencing creativity assessments, including perceived robot likeability and participants\u2019 experience with robotics and AI. Our insights empirically ground existing design patterns, foster fairness and validity in system comparisons, and contribute to a deeper understanding of our relationship with creative AI and thus its adoption in society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3711939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T11:16:02Z","timestamp":1738322162000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From Product to Producer: The Impact of Perceptual Evidence and Robot Embodiment on the Human Assessment of AI Creativity"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8692-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niki","family":"Pennanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland and Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simo","family":"Linkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7458-4297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kantosalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5515-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Hiillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomi","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Guckelsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Holm\u2019s sequential Bonferroni procedure","volume":"1","author":"Abdi Herv\u00e9","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herv\u00e9 Abdi. 2010. 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