{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:34:06Z","timestamp":1773318846165,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":53,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3712285.3759793","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T16:05:39Z","timestamp":1762963539000},"page":"411-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Breaking the System Noise Barrier at Exascale"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar A.","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5432-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Glenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3494-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8104-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8667-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Loewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7551-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clark","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8807-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2188-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinath","family":"Vadlamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy I.","family":"Mattox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Spring, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8590-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trent","family":"D'Hooge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5584-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Behlendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Hanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Pankajakshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1286-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Leininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2014.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPPW.2014.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581784.3607089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTR.2006.311846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Noel Chalmers Abhishek Mishra Damon McDougall and Timm Warburton. 2022. HipBone: A performance-portable GPU-accelerated C++ version of the NekBone benchmark. arXiv e-prints abs\/2202.12477 (Feb. 2022) 16\u00a0pages. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2202.12477http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.12477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Al Chu. 2015. Cerebro: A collection of cluster monitoring tools and libraries.https:\/\/github.com\/chaos\/cerebro\/tree\/master Version 1.18."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTR.2007.4629247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","series-title":"(IPDPS\u201909)","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing","author":"De Pradipta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pradipta De, Vijay Mann, and Umang Mittal. 2009. Handling OS Jitter on Multicore Multithreaded Systems. In International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing(IPDPS\u201909). IEEE, Rome, Italy, 1\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel\u00a0Bristot de Oliveira Daniel Casini and Tommaso Cucinotta. 2023. Operating System Noise in the Linux Kernel. IEEE Trans. Comput. 72 1 (2023) 196\u2013207. 10.1109\/TC.2022.3187351","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2022.3187351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295500.3356196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"HPC IO Benchmark","author":"Developers IOR","year":"2020","unstructured":"IOR Developers. 2020. HPC IO Benchmark. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. https:\/\/github.com\/hpc\/ior"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295500.3356197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas Doerfler Marcus Epperson Jeff Ogden Courtenay\u00a0T. Vaughan and Mahesh Rajan. 2010. Application Performance on the Tri-Lab Linux Capacity Cluster-TLCC. International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 1 2 (April 2010) 9\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.4018\/jdst.2010040102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41405.2020.00044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2016.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Rob Falgout. 2011. hypre: High Performance Preconditioners. https:\/\/llnl.gov\/casc\/hypre https:\/\/github.com\/hypre-space\/hypre."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"Nuclear Explosives Code Developers\u2019 Conference","author":"Ferenbaugh Charles\u00a0R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0R Ferenbaugh. 2012. The PENNANT Mini-App: Unstructured Mesh Hydrodynamics for Advanced Architectures (U). In Nuclear Explosives Code Developers\u2019 Conference. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 8\u00a0pages. https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/biblio\/1059398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER.2010.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2008.5219920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul Fischer James Lottes Henry Tufo and USDOE\u00a0Office of Science. 2007. Nek5000. 10.11578\/dc.20210416.29","DOI":"10.11578\/dc.20210416.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6624-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458817.3476162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2010.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.A. Haring M. Ohmacht T.W. Fox M.K. Gschwind D.L. Satterfield K. Sugavanam P.W. Coteus P. Heidelberger M.A. Blumrich R.W. Wisniewski A. Gara G.L.-T. Chiu P.A. Boyle N.H. Chist and Changhoan Kim. 2012. The IBM Blue Gene\/Q Compute Chip. IEEE Micro 32 2 (2012) 48\u201360.","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2011.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"HPE Cray Supercomputing User Services Software Administration Guide for HPE Performance Cluster Manager","author":"Enterprise Hewlett Packard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise. 2024. HPE Cray Supercomputing User Services Software Administration Guide for HPE Performance Cluster Manager. HPE. https:\/\/support.hpe.com\/connect\/s\/product?kmpmoid=1014655386&language=en_US&tab=manuals Document ID: S-8064, Version 1.1.0."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2009.5161095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2010.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1988796.1988805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1048935.1050161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"The kernel\u00a0development community. 2021-2025. OSNOISE Tracer. Online. https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/trace\/osnoise-tracer.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41406.2024.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Lawrence Livermore\u00a0National Laboratory. 2017. CORAL-2 Benchmarks. https:\/\/asc.llnl.gov\/coral-2-benchmarks\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Lawrence Livermore\u00a0National Laboratory. 2025. System Noise Utilities and Benchmarks for HPC. https:\/\/github.com\/LLNL\/system-noise"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise\u00a0Development LP. 2024. Apprentice 3. https:\/\/cpe.ext.hpe.com\/docs\/latest\/performance-tools\/apprentice3\/apprentice3.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2011.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juan Navarro Sitararn Iyer Peter Druschel and Alan Cox. 2003. Practical transparent operating system support for superpages. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 36 SI (Dec. 2003) 89\u2013104. 10.1145\/844128.844138","DOI":"10.1145\/844128.844138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Net-SNMP Project. 2002. snmpd - daemon to respond to SNMP request packets. https:\/\/netsnmp.org\/man\/snmpd.html Accessed: 2025-04-12."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"OpenSFS and EOFS. 2025. The Lustre\u00ae file system. Online. https:\/\/www.lustre.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"OSU Microbenchmarks","author":"Panda Dhabaleswar\u00a0K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhabaleswar\u00a0K. Panda. 2019. OSU Microbenchmarks. Ohio State University. Retrieved December 10, 2019 from http:\/\/mvapich.cse.ohio-state.edu\/benchmarks\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"Noise in the Sandia HPC Cluster Amber","author":"Pase Douglas\u00a0M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Douglas\u00a0M. Pase and Anthony\u00a0M. Agelastos. 2024. Noise in the Sandia HPC Cluster Amber. Technical Report SAND2024-00156. Sandia National Laboratories."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.8322590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1048935.1050204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","series-title":"(CUG\u201912)","volume-title":"Cray User Group","author":"Pritchard Howard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howard Pritchard, Duncan Roweth, David Henseler, and Paul Cassella. 2012. Leveraging the Cray Linux Environment Core Specialization Feature to Realize MPI Asynchronous Progress on Cray XE Systems. In Cray User Group(CUG\u201912). Cray User Group, Stuttgart, Germany, 12\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Red Hat. 2025. Red Hat Enterprise Linux. https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/technologies\/linux-platforms\/enterprise-linux Accessed 2025-07-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolf Riesen Ron Brightwell Patrick\u00a0G. Bridges Trammell Hudson Arthur\u00a0B. Maccabe Patrick\u00a0M. Widener and Kurt Ferreira. 2009. Designing and implementing lightweight kernels for capability computing. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 21 6 (April 2009) 793\u2013817.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2010.5470398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HiPC.2014.7116885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Erich Strohmaier Jack Dongarra Horst Simon and Martin Meuer. 1993-2025. TOP500: The List. Online. https:\/\/top500.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"SUSE Group. 2025. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. https:\/\/www.suse.com\/products\/server\/ Accessed 2025-07-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2642769.2642786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.\u00a0M. Widener S. Levy K.\u00a0B. Ferreira and Torsten Hoefler. 2016. On noise and the performance benefit of nonblocking collectives. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 30 1 (Jan. 2016) 121\u2013133. accepted for publication on Nov. 2nd 2015.","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342015611952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2612262.2612263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Ulrike Yang Robert Falgout and Jongsoo Park. 2017. Algebraic Multigrid Benchmark. https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/biblio\/1389816"}],"event":{"name":"SC '25: The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","location":"St. Louis MO USA","acronym":"SC '25","sponsor":["SIGHPC ACM Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing, Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3712285.3759793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:53:06Z","timestamp":1773255186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3712285.3759793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3712285.3759793","10.1145\/3712285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3712285.3759793","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}