{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:59:57Z","timestamp":1771894797791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["72371011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72371011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracting typical career paths from large-scale and unstructured talent profiles has recently attracted increasing research attention. However, various challenges arise in effectively analyzing self-reported career records. Inspired by recent advancements in neural networks and embedding models, we develop a novel career path clustering approach and apply it to uncover information technology (IT) career path patterns. Specifically, we construct employment profiles of over 60,000 IT professionals, and form their career path sequences by chaining the job records in each profile. Then we simultaneously learn cluster-wise job embeddings and construct career path clusters. The resultant cluster-wise likelihoods of career paths can quantify their soft bonding with different clusters, and the job embeddings can reveal connections among job titles within each cluster. With both real and simulated data, we conduct extensive experiments with our framework to establish the modeling performance and great improvement over the traditional optimal matching analysis methods. The empirical results from analyzing real data on career paths show that our approach can discover distinct IT career path patterns and reveal valuable insights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3712705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T10:18:43Z","timestamp":1737109123000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Uncovering IT Career Path Patterns with Job Embedding-based Sequence Clustering"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCP Business School, Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanren","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaojiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, Kent, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/229495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1120.1582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b15410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/767671.768060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45065-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190902850190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/210177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2016\/40.4.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2339530.2339643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2006.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2015.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2018.1495893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i08.7038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Moh Hosseinioun Frank Neffke Letian Zhang and Hyejin Youn. 2024. Nested Skills in Labor Ecosystems: A Hidden Dimension of Human Capital. arXiv:2303.15629. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2303.15629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10036-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90044-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i2.19086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41703462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3106120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Kingma Diederik P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diederik P. Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2015. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.21759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Junhua Liu Chu Guo Yung Chuen Ng Kristin L. Wood and Kwan Hui Lim. 2019. IPOD: Corpus of 190 000 industrial occupations. arXiv:1910.10495. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1910.10495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-013-9408-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2017.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"John Neter Michael H. Kutner Christopher J. Nachtsheim and William Wasserman. 1996. Applied linear statistical models. (1996)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"iii\u2013xix","article-title":"Machine learning in information systems research","volume":"46","author":"Padmanabhan Balaji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balaji Padmanabhan, Xiao Fang, Nachiketa Sahoo, and Andrew Burton-Jones. 2022. Machine learning in information systems research. MIS Quarterly 46, 1 (2022), iii\u2013xix.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"8024","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Paszke Adam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, Alban Desmaison, Andreas K\u00f6pf, E. Yang, Zach DeVito, Martin Raison, Alykhan Tejani, Sasank Chilamkurthy, Benoit Steiner, Lu Fang, Junjie Bai, and Soumith Chintala. 2019. PyTorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library. In Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, H. Wallach, H. Larochelle, A. Beygelzimer, F. d'Alch\u00e9-Buc, E. Fox, and R. Garnett (Eds.). Curran Associates, Inc., 8024\u20138035."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2021\/15360"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"iii\u2013xviii","article-title":"Editor\u2019s comments: Diversity of design science research","volume":"41","author":"Rai Arun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arun Rai. 2017. Editor\u2019s comments: Diversity of design science research. MIS Quarterly 41, 1 (2017), iii\u2013xviii.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2014.11645722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","volume-title":"Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison","author":"Sankoff D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"D. Sankoff, J. Kruskal, and J. Nerbonne. 2000. Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison. Cambridge University Press. 99042488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1058765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","article-title":"Clustering sequences with hidden Markov models","volume":"9","author":"Smyth Padhraic","year":"1996","unstructured":"Padhraic Smyth. 1996. Clustering sequences with hidden Markov models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9 (1996), 648\u2013654.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Data Mining","author":"Tan Pang-Ning","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, and Vipin Kumar. 2016. Introduction to Data Mining. Pearson Education India."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2009.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","first-page":"485","volume-title":"Artificial Neural Networks","author":"Venna Jarkko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jarkko Venna and Samuel Kaski. 2001. Neighborhood preservation in nonlinear projection methods: An experimental study. In Artificial Neural Networks, Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, Jan van Leeuwen, Georg Dorffner, Horst Bischof, and Kurt Hornik (Eds.). Vol. 2130. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 485\u2013491."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2012.02.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","article-title":"Workplace culture that hinders and assists the career development of women in information technology.","volume":"25","author":"Wengling Rose","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rose Wengling and Steven Thomas. 2009. Workplace culture that hinders and assists the career development of women in information technology. Information Technology, Learning & Performance Journal 25, 1 (2009).","journal-title":"Information Technology, Learning & Performance Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2011.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2010.2083647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2019.103182"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sequence clustering in bioinformatics: An empirical study","volume":"21","author":"Zou Quan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quan Zou, Gang Lin, Xingpeng Jiang, Xiangrong Liu, and Xiangxiang Zeng. 2020. Sequence clustering in bioinformatics: An empirical study. Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, 1 (2020), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Briefings in Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3712705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3712705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:18:09Z","timestamp":1750295889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3712705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3712705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3712705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-656X","type":"print"},{"value":"2158-6578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}