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However, relying solely on correlation without considering the underlying causal mechanism may lead to various practical issues such as fairness, explainability, robustness, bias, echo chamber, and controllability problems. Therefore, researchers in related area have begun incorporating causality into recommendation systems to address these issues. In this survey, we review the existing literature on causal inference in recommender systems. We discuss the fundamental concepts of both recommender systems and causal inference as well as their relationship, and review the existing work on causal methods for different problems in recommender systems. Finally, we discuss open problems and future directions in the field of causal inference for recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3714430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T09:26:33Z","timestamp":1737969993000},"page":"1-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Causal Inference for Recommendation: Foundations, Methods, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0865-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianchao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9482-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3736-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingqiang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3646-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juntao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the RMSE Workshop Held in Conjunction with the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","author":"Abdollahpouri Himan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Himan Abdollahpouri and Robin Burke. 2019. 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