{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:36:13Z","timestamp":1763202973187,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62372372 and 62172332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372372 and 62172332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Program","award":["2024RSCXTD05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RSCXTD05"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Qinchuangyuan Program","award":["QCYRCXM2023103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QCYRCXM2023103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intelligent irrigation based on measurements of soil moisture levels in every pot in a greenhouse can not only improve plant productivity and quality but also save water. However, existing soil moisture sensors are too expensive to deploy in every pot. We therefore introduce GreenTag, a low-cost RFID-based soil moisture sensing system whose accuracy is comparable to that of an expensive soil moisture sensor. Our key idea is to attach two RFID tags to a plant\u2019s container so that changes in soil moisture content are reflected in their Differential Minimum Response Threshold (DMRT) metric at the reader. We show that a low-pass filtered DMRT metric is robust to changes both in the RF environment (e.g., from human movement) and in pot locations. In addition, we propose a fast DMRT acquisition algorithm and a time-efficient tag query protocol, which can reduce the sensing latency by 90%. In a realistic setting, GreenTag achieves a 90-percentile moisture estimation errors of 5%, which is comparable to the 4% errors using expensive soil moisture sensors. Moreover, this accuracy is maintained despite changes in the RF environment and container locations. We also show the effectiveness of GreenTag in a real greenhouse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3715128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T11:46:25Z","timestamp":1737719185000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustainable and Low-Cost Greenhouse Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Battery-Free RFID Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-9787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-4359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqiong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7197-7888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shourya","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Techonology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8218-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Abari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6549-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Keshav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"2020. Guide: Soil Moisture Recommendations for Flowers Plants and Vegetables. Retrieved Feb. 5 2025 from https:\/\/www.acurite.com\/blog\/soil-moisture-guide-for-plants-and-vegetables.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"RFID Handbook: Applications, Technology, Security, and Privacy","author":"Ahson Syed A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Syed A. Ahson and Mohammad Ilyas. 2008. RFID Handbook: Applications, Technology, Security, and Privacy. CRC press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Alien Technology Corp.2017. UHF ALN-9740 tag. Retrieved Last accessed: July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.atlasrfidstore.com\/alien-squiggle-rfid-white-wet-inlay-aln-9740-higgs-4\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.30611","article-title":"UHF passive RFID-based sensor-less system to detect humidity for irrigation monitoring","volume":"59","author":"Alonso Daniel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daniel Alonso, Qianyun Zhang, Yue Gao, and Daniel Valderas. 2017. UHF passive RFID-based sensor-less system to detect humidity for irrigation monitoring. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, 7 (2017), 1709\u20131715.","journal-title":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Arduino. 2018. ARDUINO UNO. Retrieved November 27 2018 from https:\/\/www.digikey.ca\/product-detail\/en\/arduino\/A000073\/1050-1041-ND\/3476357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings","author":"Aroca Rafael","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rafael Aroca, Andr\u00e9 Hernandes, Daniel Magalh\u00e3es, Marcelo Becker, Carlos Vaz, and Adonai Calbo. 2016. Application of standard EPC\/GEN2 UHF RFID tags as soil moisture sensors. In Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings. 10."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3436503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"atlasRFIDstore. 2014. SMARTRAC FROG 3D RFID WET INLAY 53MM (MONZA 4D). Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.atlasrfidstore.com\/smartrac-frog-rfid-wet-inlay-monza-4d\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Atlasrfidstore. 2018. RFMAX RFID Race Timing Antenna. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.atlasrfidstore.com\/rfmax-rfid-race-timing-antenna-kit-15-ft-cable\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"atlasRFIDstore. 2019. SMARTRAC Sensor DogBone RFID Wet Inlay. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.atlasrfidstore.com\/smartrac-sensor-dogbone-rfid-rfmicron-magnus-s\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Avery Dennison Corp.2017. UHF AD-160u7 tag. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/rfid.averydennison.com\/content\/dam\/averydennison\/rfid\/Global\/Documents\/datasheets\/AD-160u7-datasheet-v1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Avery Dennison Corp.2017. UHF AD-172u7 tag. Retrieved July 17 2019 from http:\/\/rfid.averydennison.com\/content\/dam\/averydennison\/rfid\/Global\/Documents\/datasheets\/AD-172u7-datasheet-v1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Avery Dennison Corp.2017. UHF AD-383u7 tag. Retrieved July 17 2019 from http:\/\/rfid.averydennison.com\/content\/dam\/averydennison\/rfid\/Global\/Documents\/datasheets\/AD-383u7-Datasheet-v1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.087"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2006.01.014","article-title":"Precise irrigation scheduling for turfgrass using a subsurface electromagnetic soil moisture sensor","volume":"84","author":"Jr JM Blonquist","year":"2006","unstructured":"JM Blonquist Jr, Scott B. Jones, and DA Robinson. 2006. Precise irrigation scheduling for turfgrass using a subsurface electromagnetic soil moisture sensor. Agricultural Water Management 84, 1-2 (2006), 153\u2013165.","journal-title":"Agricultural Water Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Bluelab. 2014. Bluelab Pulse Meter. Retrieved June 27 2019 from https:\/\/www.bluelab.com\/Pulse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15501320590966422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference.","author":"Fonseca Newton SSM da","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newton SSM da Fonseca, Raimundo CS Freire, Adriano Batista, Glauco Fontgalland, and Smail Tedjini. 2017. A passive capacitive soil moisture and environment temperature UHF RFID based sensor for low cost agricultural applications. In Proceedings of the SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference.IEEE, 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Digi-Key Electronics.2017. Avery Dennison RFID 600533. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.digikey.com\/products\/en?keywords=Avery%20Dennison%20RFID%20600533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom","author":"Ding Jian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jian Ding and Ranveer Chandra. 2019. Towards low cost soil sensing using Wi-Fi. In Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom. 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"SparkFun Electronics. 2019. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR SEN-13637. Retrieved September 30 2019 from https:\/\/www.digikey.ca\/product-detail\/en\/sparkfun-electronics\/SEN-13637\/1568-1670-ND\/7400839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"ENVCO. 2019. ECHO EC5 Soil Moisture Probe. Retrieved September 30 2019 from https:\/\/envcoglobal.com\/catalog\/agriculture\/irrigation\/soil-moisture-monitoring\/dedicated-soil-moisture-measurement\/echo-ec5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.17904","article-title":"Development of a smart wireless soil monitoring sensor prototype using RFID technology","volume":"21","author":"Hamrita Takoi K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takoi K. Hamrita and Erich Chris Hoffacker. 2005. Development of a smart wireless soil monitoring sensor prototype using RFID technology. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 21, 1 (2005), 139\u2013143.","journal-title":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications","author":"Hasan Azhar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azhar Hasan, Rahul Bhattacharyya, and Sanjay Sarma. 2015. Towards pervasive soil moisture sensing using RFID tag antenna-based sensors. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications. IEEE, 165\u2013170."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"549","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks","author":"Hernandez Steven M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steven M. Hernandez, Deniz Erdag, and Eyuphan Bulut. 2021. Towards dense and scalable soil sensing through low-cost WiFi sensing networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks. 549\u2013556."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Impinj. 2010. Impinj R420 Readers. Retrieved June 27 2019 from http:\/\/www.Impinj.com\/products\/readers\/Last accessed: June 27 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Impinj. 2021. Impinj Speedway Datasheet. Retrieved November 27 2023 from https:\/\/www.dipolerfid.com\/files\/archivosproductos\/10\/Datasheet-Impinj-Speedway-Revolution-Reader-R420-RFID-UHF.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"EPCglobal Inc. 2007. Low level reader protocol version 1.0. 1. (2007). https:\/\/www.gs1.org\/standards\/epc-rfid\/epc-rfid-llrp\/2-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.3360070205","article-title":"III. Measuring surface soil moisture using passive microwave remote sensing","volume":"7","author":"Jackson Thomas J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas J. Jackson. 1993. III. Measuring surface soil moisture using passive microwave remote sensing. Hydrological Processes 7, 2 (1993), 139\u2013152.","journal-title":"Hydrological Processes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"1237","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom","author":"Jiao Wenli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wenli Jiao, Ju Wang, Xinzhuo Gao, Long Du, Yanlin Li, Lili Zhao, Dingyi Fang, and Xiaojiang Chen. 2024. ZEROECG: Zero-sensation ECG monitoring by exploring RFID MOSFET. In Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom. 1237\u20131251."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3253135","article-title":"SoilTAG: Fine-grained soil moisture sensing through chipless tags","volume":"23","author":"Jiao Wenli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wenli Jiao, Ju Wang, Yelu He, Xiangdong Xi, and Fuwei Wang. 2023. SoilTAG: Fine-grained soil moisture sensing through chipless tags. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 23, 3 (2023), 2153\u20132170.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1145\/3460112.3472326","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies","author":"Josephson Colleen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colleen Josephson, Manikanta Kotaru, Keith Winstein, Sachin Katti, and Ranveer Chandra. 2021. Low-cost in-ground soil moisture sensing with radar backscatter tags. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. 299\u2013311."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"1045","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM UIST","author":"Katsuragawa Keiko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keiko Katsuragawa, Ju Wang, Ziyang Shan, Ningshan Ouyang, Omid Abari, and Daniel Vogel. 2019. Tip-tap: Battery-free discrete 2D fingertip input. In Proceedings of the ACM UIST. 1045\u20131057."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","first-page":"1507","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE SENSORS","author":"Kim Sangkil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sangkil Kim, Taolan Le, Manos M. Tentzeris, Amal Harrabi, Ana Collado, and Apostolos Georgiadis. 2014. An RFID-enabled inkjet-printed soil moisture sensor on paper for \u201csmart\u201d agricultural applications. In Proceedings of the IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 1507\u20131510."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on No Power and Low Power Internet-of-Things","author":"Kiv Daniel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daniel Kiv, Garvita Allabadi, Berkay Kaplan, and Robin Kravets. 2022. smol: Sensing soil moisture using LoRa. In Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on No Power and Low Power Internet-of-Things. 21\u201327."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","article-title":"Measuring soil water content with ground penetrating radar: A decade of progress","volume":"17","author":"Klotzsche Anja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anja Klotzsche, Fran\u00e7ois Jonard, Majken Caroline Looms, Jan van der Kruk, and Johan A. Huisman. 2018. Measuring soil water content with ground penetrating radar: A decade of progress. Vadose Zone Journal 17, 1 (2018), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Vadose Zone Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.23.6.770","article-title":"Profitability of sensor-based irrigation in greenhouse and nursery crops","volume":"23","author":"Lichtenberg Erik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erik Lichtenberg, John Majsztrik, and Monica Saavoss. 2013. Profitability of sensor-based irrigation in greenhouse and nursery crops. HortTechnology 23, 6 (2013), 770\u2013774.","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"Jennifer. USC Newscenter. Santa Cruz: University of California McNutty. 2017. Solar greenhouses generate electricity and grow crops at the same time UC Santa Cruz study reveals. Retrieved November 3 2017 from https:\/\/news.ucsc.edu\/2017\/11\/loik-greenhouse.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","article-title":"Soil moisture remote sensing: State-of-the-science","volume":"16","author":"Mohanty Binayak P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Binayak P. Mohanty, Michael H. Cosh, Venkat Lakshmi, and Carsten Montzka. 2017. Soil moisture remote sensing: State-of-the-science. Vadose Zone Journal 16, 1 (2017), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Vadose Zone Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae5010007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(00)00184-8","article-title":"Measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity by time domain reflectometry: A review","volume":"31","author":"Noborio K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"K. Noborio. 2001. Measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity by time domain reflectometry: A review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31, 3 (2001), 213\u2013237.","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.047","article-title":"Temperature and moisture monitoring in concrete structures using embedded nanotechnology\/microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors","volume":"22","author":"Norris Ashley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ashley Norris, Mohamed Saafi, and Peter Romine. 2008. Temperature and moisture monitoring in concrete structures using embedded nanotechnology\/microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors. Construction and Building Materials 22, 2 (2008), 111\u2013120.","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","unstructured":"Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Government of Western Australia. 2019. Soil moisture monitoring: a selection guide. Retrieved August 22 2019 from https:\/\/agric.wa.gov.au\/n\/4879"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020452","article-title":"Two solutions of soil moisture sensing with RFID for landslide monitoring","volume":"18","author":"Pichorim S\u00e9rgio","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e9rgio Pichorim, Nathan Gomes, and John Batchelor. 2018. Two solutions of soil moisture sensing with RFID for landslide monitoring. Sensors 18, 2 (2018), 452.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","unstructured":"Zion Market Research. 2019. Forecasted market value of smart greenhouses in 2016 and 2022 (in million U.S. dollars) Statista. Retrieved October 07 2019 from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/881495\/smart-greenhouse-market-value-global\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2011.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","unstructured":"Smartrac Corp.2013. UHF SMARTRAC Frog 3D tag. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/www.atlasrfidstore.com\/smartrac-frog-rfid-wet-inlay-monza-4d\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","unstructured":"sunrisegreenhouses. 2014. Sunrise Greenhouses Ltd. Retrieved June 27 2019 from https:\/\/www.sunrisegreenhouses.ca"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","unstructured":"Technologies ROI LLC.2017. UHF Embeddable CC-71 tag. Retrieved July 17 2019 from https:\/\/rfid.atlasrfidstore.com\/hs-fs\/hub\/300870\/file-1514663605-pdf\/Tech_Spec_Sheets\/Misc.\/ATLAS_RFID_Wire_Tag.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Texas A&M University. 2019. Principles of Irrigation Management. Retrieved October 10 2019 from https:\/\/aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu\/greenhouse\/nursery\/environ\/wmprinc.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","unstructured":"Voyantic. 2019. Tagformance Lite. Retrieved October 10 2019 from https:\/\/voyantic.com\/products\/tagformance-lite"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom","author":"Wang Ju","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ju Wang, Omid Abari, and Srinivasan Keshav. 2018. Challenge: RFID hacking for fun and profit. In Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom. 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Mobisys","author":"Wang Ju","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ju Wang, Liqiong Chang, Omid Abari, and Srinivasan Keshav. 2019. Are RFID sensing systems ready for the real world?. In Proceedings of the ACM Mobisys. 366\u2013377."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5277","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC06p05277","article-title":"Remote sensing of soil moisture content, over bare field at 1.4 GHz frequency","volume":"86","author":"Wang JR","year":"1981","unstructured":"JR Wang and BJ Choudhury. 1981. Remote sensing of soil moisture content, over bare field at 1.4 GHz frequency. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 86, C6 (1981), 5277\u20135282.","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384419.3430712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom","author":"Wang Ju","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ju Wang, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Hongbo Jiang, Rajesh Krishna Balan, and Dingyi Fang. 2017. TagScan: Simultaneous target imaging and material identification with commodity RFID devices. In Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom. 288\u2013300."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia. 2019. Greenhouse. Retrieved September 20 2019 from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse#cite_note-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12892-4_8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Environmental Sensing","author":"Yang I-Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"I-Chang Yang and Suming Chen. 2015. Precision cultivation system for greenhouse production. In Proceedings of the Intelligent Environmental Sensing. Springer, 191\u2013211."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Soil moisture sensors","volume":"73","author":"Zazueta Fedro S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fedro S. Zazueta and Jiannong Xin. 1994. Soil moisture sensors. Soil Sci 73 (1994), 391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Soil Sci"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3715128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:18:18Z","timestamp":1750295898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}