{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:46:22Z","timestamp":1782873982975,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":93,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732109","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T17:01:18Z","timestamp":1750698078000},"page":"1640-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["One Bad NOFO? AI Governance in Federal Grantmaking"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Bateyko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Dimensions AI. https:\/\/www.dimensions.ai\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Federal Awards Search for \u201cFacial Recognition\u201d | \u201cCameras\u201d from Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). https:\/\/www.usaspending.gov\/search\/?hash=bf433b0e8636216d3c0cda3e0e38b04a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Govini Ark. https:\/\/www.govini.com\/products\/ark"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"1978. Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977. https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/STATUTE-92\/pdf\/STATUTE-92-Pg3.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"2006. Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/senate-bill\/2590\/text"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"2012. 360Training.Com Inc. v. United States."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"2013. Uniform Administrative Requirements Cost Principles and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2013\/12\/26\/2013-30465\/uniform-administrative-requirements-cost-principles-and-audit-requirements-for-federal-awards"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"2014. CMS Contract Mgmt. Servs. v. Mass. Hous. Fin. Agency."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"2019. Executive Order on Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence \u2013 The White House. https:\/\/trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov\/presidential-actions\/executive-order-maintaining-american-leadership-artificial-intelligence\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"2019. NIST Public Safety Innovation Accelerator Program: First Responder 3D Indoor Tracking Prize. https:\/\/grants.gov\/search-results-detail\/321433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"2021. Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America\u2019s Workers. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2021\/01\/28\/2021-02038\/ensuring-the-future-is-made-in-all-of-america-by-all-of-americas-workers"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"2022. AI Training Act. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/senate-bill\/2551\/text"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"EO 13960 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Case Inventories: Guidance for Creating Agency Inventories of AI Use Cases Per EO 13960","year":"2023","unstructured":"2023. EO 13960 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Case Inventories: Guidance for Creating Agency Inventories of AI Use Cases Per EO 13960. Technical Report. Federal Chief Information Officers (CIO) Council. https:\/\/www.cio.gov\/assets\/resources\/2023-Guidance-for-AI-Use-Case-Inventories.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Resources for Grantseekers","year":"2023","unstructured":"2023. Resources for Grantseekers. Technical Report. Congressional Research Service. https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/RL\/RL34012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"2023. Science Committee Leaders Stress Importance of Diligence in NIST AI Safety Research Funding. https:\/\/science.house.gov\/2023\/12\/science-committee-leaders-stress-importance-of-diligence-in-nist-ai-safety-research-funding"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"2024. 2 CFR \u00a7 200. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200. Uniform Administrative Requirements Cost Principles and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"2024. 2\u00a0CFR\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0200.203. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.203. Requirement to Provide Public Notice of Federal Financial Assistance Programs."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"2024. 2 CFR \u00a7 200.204. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/on\/2024-10-01\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.204 Notices of Funding Opportunities."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"2024. 2\u00a0CFR\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0200.208. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.208. Specific Conditions."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"2024. 2\u00a0CFR\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0200.211. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.211. Information Contained in a Federal Award."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"2024. 2\u00a0CFR\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0200.216. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.216. Prohibition on Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Equipment or Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"2024. 2\u00a0CFR\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0200.300. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.300. Statutory and National Policy Requirements."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"2024. 2 CFR \u00a7 200.329. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/part-200\/section-200.329 Monitoring and reporting program performance."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"2024. The Biden-Harris Administration Launches the Federal Program Inventory to Make Federal Spending More Transparent and Accessible. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/omb\/briefing-room\/2024\/02\/15\/the-biden-harris-administration-launches-the-federal-program-inventory-to-make-federal-spending-more-transparent-and-accessible\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"2024. Department of Transportation Discretionary Grants: Stakeholder Perspectives. https:\/\/transportation.house.gov\/calendar\/eventsingle.aspx?EventID=407248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"Driving U.S. Innovation In Artificial Intelligence","year":"2024","unstructured":"2024. Driving U.S. Innovation In Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report. Bipartisan Senate AI Working Group. https:\/\/www.schumer.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Roadmap_Electronic1.32pm.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening","year":"2024","unstructured":"2024. Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening. Technical Report. National Science and Technology Council. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nucleic-Acid_Synthesis_Screening_Framework.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"2024. The Illinois Procurement Code. https:\/\/custom.statenet.com\/public\/resources.cgi?mode=show_text&id=ID:bill:IL2023000H5099&verid=IL2023000H5099_20240208_0_I&"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"2024. Project Grants FY2024. https:\/\/www.usaspending.gov\/search\/?hash=ccb3c3c4a880d4717589b83093c4519c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"2024. Uniform Grants Guidance 2024 Revision. https:\/\/www.cfo.gov\/assets\/files\/Uniform%20Guidance%20_Reference%20Guides%20FINAL%204-2024.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"2025. Appendix I to Part 200 Title 2 \u2013 Full Text of Notice of Funding Opportunity. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-2\/appendix-Appendix%20I%20to%20Part%20200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"2025. NIJ FY25 Research and Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence for Criminal Justice Purposes | National Institute of Justice. https:\/\/nij.ojp.gov\/funding\/opportunities\/o-nij-2025-172317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Madison Alder. 2024. U.S. Agencies Publish Plans to Comply with White House AI Memo. (2024). https:\/\/fedscoop.com\/u-s-agencies-publish-plans-to-comply-with-white-house-ai-memo\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","volume-title":"Federal Prize Competitions: Using Competitions to Promote Innovation in Artificial Intelligence","author":"Crawford Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali Crawford and Ido Wulkan. 2021. Federal Prize Competitions: Using Competitions to Promote Innovation in Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report. Center for Security and Emerging Technology. https:\/\/cset.georgetown.edu\/publication\/federal-prize-competitions\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","volume-title":"Federal Grant Practice","author":"Allen Kenneth\u00a0J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenneth\u00a0J Allen. 2018. Federal Grant Practice. Thompson Reuters."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Caitlin Andrews. 2025. OMB memos outline government\u2019s new AI use procurement standards. International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) (9 April 2025). https:\/\/iapp.org\/news\/a\/omb-memos-outline-government-s-new-ai-use-procurement-standards Accessed: 2025-05-07."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bettina\u00a0K. Arkhurst and Wyatt Green\u00a0Williams. 2024. Realizing Justice40: Addressing Structural Funding Barriers for Equitable Community Engagement in Energy RD&D. Journal of Science Policy & Governance 23 02 (March 2024). 10.38126\/JSPG230201","DOI":"10.38126\/JSPG230201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w26889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Barry Friedman Rachel Harmon and Farhang Heydari. 2023. The Federal Government\u2019s Role in Local Policing. Virginia Law Review 109 8 (2023). https:\/\/virginialawreview.org\/articles\/the-federal-governments-role-in-local-policing\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher\u00a0R. Berry Barry\u00a0C. Burden and William\u00a0G. Howell. 2010. The President and the Distribution of Federal Spending. The American Political Science Review 104 4 (2010) 783\u2013799. jstor:40982897https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40982897","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055410000377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Joe Biden. 2023. Executive Order on the Safe Secure and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250120132537\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/presidential-actions\/2023\/10\/30\/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Bruce\u00a0Allen Brown. 1988. A Federal Agency\u2019s Authority to Use a Cooperative Agreement for a Particular Project. Public Contract Law Journal 18 1 (1988). https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25755554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"Francesca Buckland. 2024. New Web of Science Grants Index Helps Researchers Develop More Targeted Grant Proposals. https:\/\/clarivate.com\/blog\/new-web-of-science-grants-index-helps-researchers-develop-more-targeted-grant-proposals\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Cody Venzke. 2023. ACLU Encourages OMB to Provide Robust Protections for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties in Government Uses of AI. https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/documents\/aclu-encourages-omb-to-provide-robust-protections-for-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties-in-government-uses-of-ai"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cary Coglianese. 2023. Procurement and Artificial Intelligence. 10.2139\/ssrn.4591724","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4591724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Catherine Crump. 2016. Surveillance Policy Making by Procurement. Washington Law Review 91 4 (2016). 10.2139\/ssrn.2737006","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2737006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","volume-title":"CDT Comments on OMB Draft Guidance for Agency Use of AI","author":"Bateyko Dan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dan Bateyko, Hannah Quay-de la Vallee, Ridhi Shetty, and Alexandra Reeve Givens. 2023. CDT Comments on OMB Draft Guidance for Agency Use of AI. Technical Report. Center for Democracy & Technology. https:\/\/cdt.org\/insights\/cdt-comments-on-omb-draft-guidance-for-agency-use-of-ai\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Agency for International\u00a0Development. 2021. Gender Inequity in Artificial Intelligence Activity. https:\/\/grants.gov\/search-results-detail\/332344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","volume-title":"The President\u2019s Management Agenda","author":"Bush George W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"George W. Bush. 2002. The President\u2019s Management Agenda. Technical Report. Office of Management and Budget."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Grants. [n. d.]. Grant Eligibility. https:\/\/www.grants.gov\/learn-grants\/grant-eligibility.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Grants.gov. [n. d.]. Grant-Making Agencies. https:\/\/www.grants.gov\/learn-grants\/grant-making-agencies\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"Grants.gov. [n. d.]. Other Grant-Making Agencies. https:\/\/www.grants.gov\/learn-grants\/grant-making-agencies\/other-grant-making-agencies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Grants.gov. 2024. XML Extract. https:\/\/grants.gov\/xml-extract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","volume-title":"Purchasing Submission: Conditions, Power, and Freedom","author":"Hamburger Philip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Philip Hamburger. 2021. Purchasing Submission: Conditions, Power, and Freedom. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3511265.3550439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","volume-title":"Federal Grants-in-Aid Administration: A Primer","author":"Keegan Natalie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Natalie Keegan. 2012. Federal Grants-in-Aid Administration: A Primer. Technical Report. Congressional Research Service."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375627.3375835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miranda\u00a0J. Lee-Easton Stephen Magura and Michael\u00a0J. Maranda. 2022. Utilization of Evidence-Based Intervention Criteria in U.S. Federal Grant Funding Announcements for Behavioral Healthcare. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing 59 (Jan. 2022) 00469580221126295. 10.1177\/00469580221126295","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580221126295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karen Levy Kyla\u00a0E. Chasalow and Sarah Riley. 2021. Algorithms and Decision-Making in the Public Sector. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 17 Volume 17 2021 (Oct. 2021) 309\u2013334. 10.1146\/annurev-lawsocsci-041221-023808","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-lawsocsci-041221-023808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Douglas MacMillan. 2023. Eyes on the Poor: Cameras Facial Recognition Watch over Public Housing. Washington Post (2023). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2023\/05\/16\/surveillance-cameras-public-housing\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","unstructured":"Thomas\u00a0O McGarity. 1993. Peer Review in Awarding Discretionary Grants in the Arts and Sciences. Administrative Conference of the United States (1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neil Millar Bojan Batalo and Brian Budgell. 2022. Trends in the Use of Promotional Language (Hype) in National Institutes of Health Funding Opportunity Announcements 1992-2020. JAMA Network Open 5 11 (Nov. 2022) e2243221. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.43221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deirdre\u00a0K. Mulligan and Kenneth\u00a0A. Bamberger. 2019. Procurement As Policy: Administrative Process for Machine Learning. Berkeley Technology Law Journal 34 (Oct. 2019). 10.2139\/ssrn.3464203","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3464203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"James\u00a0F. Nagle. 1994. Review of Essentials of Grant Law Practice. Public Contract Law Journal 23 2 (1994) 301\u2013303. jstor:25754134https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25754134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","volume-title":"AI Snake Oil: What Artificial Intelligence Can Do, What It Can\u2019t, and How to Tell the Difference","author":"Narayanan Arvind","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor. 2024. AI Snake Oil: What Artificial Intelligence Can Do, What It Can\u2019t, and How to Tell the Difference. Princeton University Press, Princeton."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","volume-title":"The AI Index 2024 Annual Report","author":"Clark, Nestor Maslej, Loredana Fattorini, Raymond Perrault, Vanessa Parli, Anka Reuel, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Katrina Ligett, Terah Lyons, James Manyika, Juan Carlos Niebles, Yoav Shoham, Russell Wald, and Jack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nestor Maslej, Loredana Fattorini, Raymond Perrault, Vanessa Parli, Anka Reuel, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Katrina Ligett, Terah Lyons, James Manyika, Juan Carlos Niebles, Yoav Shoham, Russell Wald, and Jack Clark,. 2024. The AI Index 2024 Annual Report. Technical Report. Institute for Human-Centered AI. https:\/\/aiindex.stanford.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HAI_2024_AI-Index-Report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"NIST. 2018. PSIAP Point Cloud City. https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/ctl\/pscr\/funding-opportunities\/past-funding-opportunities\/psiap-point-cloud-city"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"Office of\u00a0Inspector General Department\u00a0of Homeland\u00a0Security. 2021. DHS Has Made Progress in Meeting DATA Act Requirements But Challenges Remain. (2021). https:\/\/www.oig.dhs.gov\/reports\/2020\/dhs-has-made-progress-meeting-data-act-requirements-challenges-remain\/oig-20-62-aug20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","unstructured":"Administrative\u00a0Conference of\u00a0the United\u00a0States. 1982. Resolving Disputes Under Federal Grant Programs. https:\/\/www.acus.gov\/recommendation\/resolving-disputes-under-federal-grant-programs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"Administrative\u00a0Conference of\u00a0the United\u00a0States. 2023. Peer Review in the Award of Discretionary Grants. https:\/\/www.acus.gov\/document\/peer-review-award-discretionary-grants"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"National Security\u00a0Commission on Artificial\u00a0Intelligence. 2021. Final Report. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","unstructured":"Eloise Pasachoff. 2014. Agency Enforcement of Spending Clause Statutes: A Defense of the Funding Cut-Off. Yale Law Journal 124 (Nov. 2014). https:\/\/www.yalelawjournal.org\/article\/agency-enforcement-of-spending-clause-statutes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","unstructured":"Eloise Pasachoff. 2020. Federal Grant Rules and Realities in the Intergovernmental Administrative State: Compliance Performance and Politics. Yale Journal on Regulation 37 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"Eloise Pasachoff. 2022. Executive Branch Control of Federal Grants: Policy Pork and Punishment. Ohio State Law Journal 83 6 (May 2022). https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=4107983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Nicholson Price. 2019. Grants. Berkeley Technology Law Journal 34 1 (2019) 1\u201366. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26755225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"Hannah Quay-de la Vallee Ridhi Shetty and Elizabeth Laird. 2024. The Federal Government\u2019s Power of the Purse: Enacting Procurement Policies and Practices to Support Responsible AI Use. https:\/\/cdt.org\/insights\/report-the-federal-governments-power-of-the-purse-enacting-procurement-policies-and-practices-to-support-responsible-ai-use\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"KM Rylander. 1998. \"Scanwell\" Plus: Challenging the Propriety of a Federal Agency\u2019s Decision to Use a Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement. Public Contract Law Journal 28 1 (1998) 69\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","unstructured":"Christian Schoeberl and Hanna Dohmen. 2023. Spurring Science: Examining U.S. Government Grant Activity in AI. (Nov. 2023). https:\/\/cset.georgetown.edu\/publication\/spurring-science\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","unstructured":"REI Systems. 2023. Current State of Grants Management."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","unstructured":"The White House. 2025. The White House Office of Management and Budget Releases the President\u2019s Fiscal Year 2026 Skinny Budget. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/2025\/05\/the-white-house-office-of-management-and-budget-releases-the-presidents-fiscal-year-2026-skinny-budget\/. Press release."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","unstructured":"Donald\u00a0J. Trump. 2025. Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/04\/advancing-artificial-intelligence-education-for-american-youth\/. Executive Order 14277."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","unstructured":"Donald\u00a0J. Trump. 2025. Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions\/. Executive Order 14148."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","unstructured":"Donald\u00a0J. Trump. 2025. Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence\/. Executive Order 14179."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","unstructured":"Russell\u00a0T. Vought. 2020. Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities and Cross-Cutting Actions."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","unstructured":"Russell\u00a0T. Vought. 2020. M-21-06 Guidance for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Applications. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250106115446\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/M-21-06.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","volume-title":"Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust","author":"Vought Russell\u00a0T.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Russell\u00a0T. Vought. 2025. Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust. Technical Report M-25-21. Office of Management and Budget. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/M-25-21-Accelerating-Federal-Use-of-AI-through-Innovation-Governance-and-Public-Trust.pdf Director, Office of Management and Budget."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","unstructured":"Jess Whittlestone and Jack Clark. 2021. Why and How Governments Should Monitor AI Development. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2108.12427\u00a0[cs] http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2108.12427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","volume-title":"The Federal Government\u2019s Authority to Impose Conditions on Grant Funds","author":"Yeh Brian\u00a0T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brian\u00a0T. Yeh. 2017. The Federal Government\u2019s Authority to Impose Conditions on Grant Funds. Technical Report. Congressional Research Service."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","volume-title":"Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence","author":"Young Shalanda\u00a0D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shalanda\u00a0D Young. 2024. Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report. Office of Management and Budget."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","unstructured":"Shalanda\u00a0D Young. 2024. M-24-10 Advancing Governance Innovation and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence. (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"Shalanda\u00a0D Young. 2024. M-24-18: Advancing the Responsible Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government."}],"event":{"name":"FAccT '25: The 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","location":"Athens Greece","acronym":"FAccT '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3715275.3732109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T11:05:57Z","timestamp":1750763157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715275.3732109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715275.3732109","10.1145\/3715275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715275.3732109","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}