{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:08:59Z","timestamp":1789826939971,"version":"4.0.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":130,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732118","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T17:01:18Z","timestamp":1750698078000},"page":"1757-1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reflexive Prompt Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Djeffal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, School of Social Sciences and Technology, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jod.2024.a915355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Regulation","author":"Black Julia","unstructured":"Julia Black. 2010. The Role of Risk in Regulatory Processes. In The Oxford Handbook of Regulation, Robert Baldwin, Martin Cave, and Martin Lodge (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 302\u2013348\u00a0."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Google to fix AI picture bot after 'woke' criticism. BBC News (22","author":"News BBC","year":"2024","unstructured":"BBC News. 2024. Google to fix AI picture bot after 'woke' criticism. BBC News (22 Feb. 2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-68364690."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","volume-title":"Google's 'Woke' Image Generator Shows the Limitations of AI. WIRED (22","author":"Gilbert David","year":"2024","unstructured":"David Gilbert. 2024. Google's 'Woke' Image Generator Shows the Limitations of AI. WIRED (22 Feb. 2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/google-gemini-woke-ai-image-generation\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"Google Says It Fixed Its A.I. Image Generator. The New York Times (28","author":"Grant Nico","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nico Grant. 2024. Google Says It Fixed Its A.I. Image Generator. The New York Times (28 Aug. 2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/08\/28\/technology\/google-ai-image-generator.html.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","volume-title":"Gemini image generation got it wrong. We'll do better. Google Blog (23","author":"Raghavan Prabhakar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prabhakar Raghavan. 2024. Gemini image generation got it wrong. We'll do better. Google Blog (23 Feb. 2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/gemini\/gemini-image-generation-issue\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22367\/jem.2022.44.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01302-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00533-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-22-00480.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","volume-title":"Literature Review and Research Design: A Guide to Effective Research Practice","author":"Harris Dave","unstructured":"Dave Harris. 2020. Literature Review and Research Design: A Guide to Effective Research Practice. Routledge, London, U.K."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12931"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabit Ekin. 2023. Prompt Engineering for ChatGPT: A Quick Guide to Techniques Tips and Best Practices. TechRxiv. DOI: 10.36227\/techrxiv.681648.","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.681648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shubham Vatsal and Harsh Dubey. 2024. A Survey of Prompt Engineering Methods in Large Language Models for Different NLP Tasks. arXiv:2407.12994. DOI: 10.48550\/arXiv.2407.12994.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2407.12994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2406.06608."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","volume-title":"Saloni Gupta, Megan L. Rogers, Inna Goncearenco, Giuseppe Sarli, Igor Galynker, Denis Peskoff, Marine Carpuat, Jules White, Shyamal Anadkat, Alexander Hoyle, and Philip Resnik.","author":"Schulhoff Sander","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sander Schulhoff, Michael Ilie, Nishant Balepur, Konstantine Kahadze, Amanda Liu, Chenglei Si, Yinheng Li, Aayush Gupta, HyoJung Han, Sevien Schulhoff, Pranav S. Dulepet, Saurav Vidyadhara, Dayeon Ki, Sweta Agrawal, Chau Pham, Gerson Kroiz, Feileen Li, Hudson Tao, Ashay Srivastava, Hevander Da Costa, Saloni Gupta, Megan L. Rogers, Inna Goncearenco, Giuseppe Sarli, Igor Galynker, Denis Peskoff, Marine Carpuat, Jules White, Shyamal Anadkat, Alexander Hoyle, and Philip Resnik. 2024. The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Techniques. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.06608."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689050.3704424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","volume-title":"Prompt Engineering for Generative AI: Future-Proof Inputs for Reliable AI Outputs at Scale","author":"Phoenix James","unstructured":"James Phoenix and Mike Taylor. 2024. Prompt Engineering for Generative AI: Future-Proof Inputs for Reliable AI Outputs at Scale. O'Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","volume-title":"What is Prompt Engineering? - Smartpedia. Retrieved","author":"H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"t2informatik GmbH. 2023. What is Prompt Engineering? - Smartpedia. Retrieved January 2023 from https:\/\/t2informatik.de\/en\/smartpedia\/what-is-prompt-engineering\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","volume-title":"PromptHub. Retrieved","author":"Cleary Dan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dan Cleary. 2025. Strategies for Managing Prompt Sensitivity and Model Consistency. PromptHub. Retrieved January 22, 2025, from https:\/\/www.prompthub.us\/blog\/strategies-for-managing-prompt-sensitivity-and-model-consistency-."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","volume-title":"Complete Guide to Prompt Engineering with Temperature and Top-p","author":"Ramlochan Sunil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sunil Ramlochan. 2024. Complete Guide to Prompt Engineering with Temperature and Top-p. Prompt Engineering Institute. Retrieved August 2024 from https:\/\/promptengineering.org\/prompt-engineering-with-temperature-and-top-p\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","volume-title":"Unveiling the Secrets: The Art of Evaluating Prompt Engineering Strategies. Threatshare.ai. Retrieved","author":"Team Research","year":"2024","unstructured":"Research Team. 2024. Unveiling the Secrets: The Art of Evaluating Prompt Engineering Strategies. Threatshare.ai. Retrieved May 2024 from https:\/\/threatshare.ai\/prompteng\/prompt-engineering-for-cybersecurity\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.14447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1366434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chirag Shah. 2024. From Prompt Engineering to Prompt Science with Human in the Loop. arXiv:2401.04122. DOI: 10.48550\/arXiv.2401.04122.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.04122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","volume-title":"Ethical Prompt Engineering: A Pathway to Responsible AI Usage. Retrieved","author":"Balani Navveen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Navveen Balani. 2025. Ethical Prompt Engineering: A Pathway to Responsible AI Usage. Retrieved January 2025 from https:\/\/navveenbalani.dev\/index.php\/articles\/ethical-prompt-engineering-a-pathway-to-responsible-ai-usage\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3636268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","volume-title":"LinkedIn. Retrieved","author":"Victor Adam M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adam M. Victor. 2024. Prompt Engineering: The Key to Ethical AI Conversations. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/prompt-engineering-key-ethical-ai-conversations-adam-m-victor-drqqc."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity, Inclusion (pp. 52\u201362)","author":"Chisca Andrei-Victor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andrei-Victor Chisca, Andrei-Cristian Rad, and Camelia Lemnaru. 2024. Prompting Fairness: Learning Prompts for Debiasing Large Language Models. In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity, Inclusion (pp. 52\u201362). Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satyam Dwivedi Sanjukta Ghosh and Shivam Dwivedi. 2023. Breaking the Bias: Gender Fairness in LLMs Using Prompt Engineering and In-Context Learning. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 15(4). DOI: 10.21659\/rupkatha.v15n4.10","DOI":"10.21659\/rupkatha.v15n4.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","unstructured":"Felix Friedrich Katharina H\u00e4mmerl Patrick Schramowski Manuel Brack Jindrich Libovick\u00fd Kristian Kersting and Alexander Fraser. 2024. Multilingual Text-to-Image Generation Magnifies Gender Stereotypes and Prompt Engineering May Not Help You. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.16092. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.16092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641237.3691655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"Amalia Foka. 2024. A Framework for Critical Evaluation of Text-to-Image Models: Integrating Art Historical Analysis Artistic Exploration and Critical Prompt Engineering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.12774. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2412.12774."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.03568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","volume-title":"Robinson","author":"Shavit Onadav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Onadav Shavit, Sandhini Agarwal, Miles Brundage, Steven Adler, Cullen O'Keefe, Rosie Campbell, Teddy Lee, Pamela Mishkin, Tyna Eloundou, Alan Hickey, Katarina Slama, Lama Ahmad, Paul McMillan, Alex Beutel, Alexandre Passos, and David G. Robinson. 2023. Practices for Governing Agentic AI Systems. OpenAI. Retrieved from https:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/papers\/practices-for-governing-agentic-ai-systems.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3070741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"Justin D. Weisz Michael Muller Jessica He and Stephanie Houde. 2023. Toward General Design Principles for Generative AI Applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.05578. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2301.05578."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3300381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","volume-title":"AI Prompt Engineering","author":"Arkhurst Victoria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Victoria Arkhurst. 2023. Security Risks, Bias, AI Prompt Engineering (2023). Retrieved from."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-med.2023.100019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03272-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","volume-title":"The People Who Fight Hacking and Cybercrime Are Turning to Designers for Help. Nextgov. Retrieved","author":"Waddell Kaveh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaveh Waddell. 2017. The People Who Fight Hacking and Cybercrime Are Turning to Designers for Help. Nextgov. Retrieved June 8, 2017 from http:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/cybersecurity\/2017\/05\/people-who-fight-hacking-and-cybercrime-are-turning-designers-help\/138009\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","volume-title":"Learn Prompting. Retrieved","author":"Schulhoff Sander","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sander Schulhoff. 2025. Prompt Hacking: Understanding Types and Defenses for LLM Security. Learn Prompting. Retrieved January 22, 2025 from https:\/\/learnprompting.org\/docs\/prompt_hacking\/introduction."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","volume-title":"Akcora","author":"Rababah Baha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baha Rababah, Shang Wu, Matthew Kwiatkowski, Carson Leung, and Cuneyt G. Akcora. 2024. SoK: Prompt Hacking of Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.13901."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18261\/olr.8.3.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5235\/175214611797885693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","volume-title":"Hendry","author":"Friedman Batya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Batya Friedman and David G. Hendry. 2019. Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470281819.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","volume-title":"Longstaff","author":"Barbacci Mario R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mario R. Barbacci, Jeromy Carri\u00e8re, Rick Kazman, Mark H. Klein, Howard F. Lipson, and Thomas A. Longstaff. 1998. The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method. CMU\/SEI-98-TR-008. Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved May 12, 2025 from https:\/\/resources.sei.cmu.edu\/asset_files\/TechnicalReport\/1998_005_001_16646.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","unstructured":"Sang Michael Xie Aditi Raghunathan Percy Liang and Tengyu Ma. 2021. An Explanation of In-context Learning as Implicit Bayesian Inference. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.02080."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"DigitalOcean. 2025. Prompt Engineering Best Practices: Tips, Tricks, and Tools. Retrieved January 22, 2025 from https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/resources\/articles\/prompt-engineering-best-practices."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","unstructured":"Karolina Luzniak. 2023. Preventing Bias in Generative AI: How to Ensure Models\u2019 Fairness and Accuracy? Neoteric. Retrieved from https:\/\/neoteric.eu\/blog\/preventing-bias-in-generative-ai-how-to-ensure-models-fairness-and-accuracy\/.\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","unstructured":"romptfoo. 2024. Preventing Bias & Toxicity in Generative AI. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.promptfoo.dev\/blog\/prevent-bias-in-generative-ai\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","volume-title":"Textio. Retrieved","author":"Snyder Kieran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kieran Snyder. 2023. Mindful AI: Crafting Prompts to Mitigate the Bias in Generative AI. Textio. Retrieved January 21, 2025 from https:\/\/textio.com\/blog\/mindful-ai-crafting-prompts-to-mitigate-the-bias-in-generative-ai."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000672207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","volume-title":"Integrate Checks and Balances. BigDATAwire (August 19","author":"Dengel Tobias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tobias Dengel. 2024. To Prevent Generative AI Hallucinations and Bias, Integrate Checks and Balances. BigDATAwire (August 19, 2024). Retrieved May 22, 2025 from https:\/\/www.bigdatawire.com\/2024\/08\/19\/to-prevent-generative-ai-hallucinations-and-bias-integrate-checks-and-balances\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Harvard University IT.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harvard University IT. 2025. Getting started with prompts for text-based Generative AI tools. Retrieved January 22, 2025 from https:\/\/huit.harvard.edu\/news\/ai-prompts."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","volume-title":"Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou.","author":"Wei Jason","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed H. Chi, Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models. arXiv:2201.11903."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Chu Jingchang Chen Qianglong Chen Weijiang Yu Tao He Haotian Wang Weihua Peng Ming Liu Bing Qin and Ting Liu. 2023. Navigate through Enigmatic Labyrinth: A Survey of Chain of Thought Reasoning: Advances Frontiers and Future. arXiv:2309.15402.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.ijcnlp-main.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Bennet Alex","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alex Bennet. 2025. Examples of Ethical Prompting for ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/www.thoughtmedia.com\/ethical-prompting\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","unstructured":"Lance Eliot. 2023. Latest Prompt Engineering Technique: Chain-Of-Verification Does A Sleek Job Of Keeping Generative AI Honest And Upright. Forbes. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/lanceeliot\/2023\/09\/23\/latest-prompt-engineering-technique-chain-of-verification-does-a-sleek-job-of-keeping-generative-ai-honest-and-upright\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Generative AI + Law Workshop at ICML","author":"Kuppa Aditya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aditya Kuppa, Nikon Rasumov-Rahe, and Marc Voses. 2021. Chain Of Reference Prompting Helps LLM to Think Like a Lawyer. In Proceedings of the Generative AI + Law Workshop at ICML 2023. https:\/\/blog.genlaw.org\/CameraReady\/37.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","volume-title":"Legal Prompting: Teaching a Language Model to Think Like a Lawyer. arXiv:2212.01326. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2212.01326.","author":"Yu Fangyi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fangyi Yu, Lee Quartey, and Frank Schilder. 2022. Legal Prompting: Teaching a Language Model to Think Like a Lawyer. arXiv:2212.01326. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2212.01326."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2011.604293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","volume-title":"Understanding Prompt Bias and How to Overcome It","author":"Miller David","unstructured":"David Miller. 2024. Understanding Prompt Bias and How to Overcome It. Future Skills Academy. Retrieved from https:\/\/futureskillsacademy.com\/blog\/prompt-bias-in-ai\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","unstructured":"Vidisha Vijay. 2024. Mitigating AI Bias with Prompt Engineering \u2014 Putting GPT to the Test. VentureBeat. Retrieved from https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/ai\/mitigating-ai-bias-with-prompt-engineering-putting-gpt-to-the-test\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","volume-title":"Bowman","author":"Turpin Miles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miles Turpin, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2023. Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Prompting. arXiv:2305.04388. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.04388."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_2","volume-title":"Sree Harsha Tanneru, and Himabindu Lakkaraju","author":"Agarwal Chirag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chirag Agarwal, Sree Harsha Tanneru, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. 2024. Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Models. arXiv:2402.04614."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_75_2","volume-title":"Medium. Retrieved","author":"Jha Rajneesh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajneesh Jha. 2023. Tools to Identify and Mitigate Bias & Toxicity in LLMs. Medium. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/medium.com\/@rajneeshjha9s\/tools-to-identify-and-mitigate-bias-toxicity-in-llms-b34e95732241."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_76_2","unstructured":"IBM. 2025. responsible-prompting-api: Responsible Prompting is an LLM-agnostic tool that aims at dynamically supporting users in crafting prompts that reflect responsible intentions and help avoid undesired or negative outputs (2025). Retrieved May 12 2025 from https:\/\/\u200bgithub.com\u200b\/\u200bIBM\/\u200bresponsible-prompting-api."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_77_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Guard LLM","year":"2024","unstructured":"LLM Guard. 2024. Toxicity Scanner (2024). Retrieved May 12, 2025 from https:\/\/\u200bllm-guard.com\u200b\/\u200binput_scanners\/\u200btoxicity\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_78_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Farley Patrick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patrick Farley. 2025. What is Azure Content Moderator? (2025). Retrieved May 12, 2025 from https:\/\/\u200blearn.microsoft.com\u200b\/\u200ben-us\/\u200bazure\/\u200bai-services\/\u200bcontent-moderator\/\u200boverview."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_79_2","volume-title":"CVS Health Tech Blog","author":"Singh Mohit","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohit Singh and Dylan Bouchard. 2025. How to Assess Your LLM Use Case for Bias and Fairness with LangFair. CVS Health Tech Blog, February 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/medium.com\/cvs-health-tech-blog\/how-to-assess-your-llm-use-case-for-bias-and-fairness-with-langfair-7be89c0c4fab."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_80_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2025. Microsoft Presidio: Data Protection and De-identification SDK. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/microsoft.github.io\/presidio\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_81_2","volume-title":"Private Prompts: Deine Daten geh\u00f6ren dir! Retrieved","author":"B\u00f6rncke Frank","year":"2025","unstructured":"Frank B\u00f6rncke. 2025. Private Prompts: Deine Daten geh\u00f6ren dir! Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/www.privateprompts.org\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_82_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Labs RedHunt","year":"2025","unstructured":"RedHunt Labs. 2025. Octopii: An AI-powered Personal Identifiable Information (PII) Scanner. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/redhuntlabs.com\/blog\/octopii-an-opensource-pii-scanner-for-images\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_83_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Hu Xiangkun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiangkun Hu and Dongyu Ru. 2024. New tool, dataset help detect hallucinations in large language models. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/www.amazon.science\/blog\/new-tool-dataset-help-detect-hallucinations-in-large-language-models."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_84_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"NVIDIA.","year":"2025","unstructured":"NVIDIA. 2025. NeMo-Guardrails. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/github.com\/NVIDIA\/NeMo-Guardrails."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_86_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Cheng Mingyue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mingyue Cheng, Yucong Luo, Jie Ouyang, Qi Liu, Huijie Liu, Li Li, Shuo Yu, Bohou Zhang, Jiawei Cao, Jie Ma, Daoyu Wang, and Enhong Chen. 2025. A Survey on Knowledge-Oriented Retrieval-Augmented Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.10677. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2503.10677."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_87_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Park Joon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joon Park, Kyohei Atarashi, Koh Takeuchi, and Hisashi Kashima. 2025. Emulating Retrieval Augmented Generation via Prompt Engineering for Enhanced Long Context Comprehension in LLMs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.12462. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2502.12462."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-industry.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-00478-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/2834703X-11205231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_91_2","unstructured":"Pengfei Li Jianyi Yang Mohammad A. Islam and Shaolei Ren. 2023. Making AI Less \u201cThirsty\u201d: Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.03271."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oxford Analytica. 2024. AI will exacerbate water scarcity. Emerald Expert Briefings. 10.1108\/oxan-es289107.","DOI":"10.1108\/oxan-es289107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_93_2","volume-title":"The Foundation Model Transparency Index v1.1","author":"Bommasani Rishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rishi Bommasani, Kevin Klyman, Sayash Kapoor, Shayne Longpre, Betty Xiong, Nestor Maslej, and Percy Liang. 2024. The Foundation Model Transparency Index v1.1: May 2024. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.12929."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_94_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Source Initiative The Open","year":"2025","unstructured":"The Open Source Initiative. 2025. The Open Source AI Definition 1.0. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https:\/\/opensource.org\/ai\/open-source-ai-definition."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_95_2","volume-title":"Announcing the Initial Release of Mozilla's Open Source Speech Recognition Model and Voice Dataset. Mozilla Blog. Retrieved","author":"White Sean","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sean White. 2017. Announcing the Initial Release of Mozilla's Open Source Speech Recognition Model and Voice Dataset. Mozilla Blog. Retrieved January 9, 2018, from https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/en\/mozilla\/announcing-the-initial-release-of-mozillas-open-source-speech-recognition-model-and-voice-dataset\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_96_2","unstructured":"Matt White Ibrahim Haddad Cailean Osborne Xiao-Yang Y. Liu Ahmed Abdelmonsef Sachin Varghese and Arnaud Le Hors. 2024. The Model Openness Framework: Promoting Completeness and Openness for Reproducibility Transparency and Usability in Artificial Intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.13784."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hari Subramonyam Divy Thakkar J\u00fcrgen Dieber and Anoop Sinha. 2024. Content-Centric Prototyping of Generative AI Applications: Emerging Approaches and Challenges in Collaborative Software Teams. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.17721.","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishna Ronanki Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel Jennifer Horkoff and Christian Berger. 2023. Requirements Engineering using Generative AI: Prompts and Prompting Patterns. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.03832.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55642-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_99_2","unstructured":"Farouq Sammour Jia Xu Xi Wang Mo Hu and Zhenyu Zhang. 2024. Responsible AI in Construction Safety: Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Models and Prompt Engineering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.08320."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54254\/2755-2721\/97\/20241463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. M. Towhidul Islam Tonmoy S. M. Mehedi Zaman Vinija Jain Anku Rani Vipula Rawte Aman Chadha and Amitava Das. 2024. A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.01313. 10.48550\/arXiv.2401.01313.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.01313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_102_2","volume-title":"Participatory Design: Principles and Practices","author":"Schuler Douglas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka (Eds.). 1993. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_1_103_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"The Methodology of Participatory Design","volume":"52","author":"Spinuzzi Clay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clay Spinuzzi. 2005. The Methodology of Participatory Design. Technical Communication, 52(2), 163\u2013174.","journal-title":"Technical Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243907311265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_105_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRiG), 65\u201378","author":"Thorne Simon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simon Thorne. 2024. Understanding and Evaluating Trust in Generative AI and Large Language Models for Spreadsheets. In Proceedings of the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRiG), 65\u201378."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_106_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS","author":"R\u00e1\u010dil Tom\u00e1\u0161","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 R\u00e1\u010dil, Petr Gallus, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160lajs. 2024. Efficiency Divide: Comparative Analysis of Human & Neural Network Algorithm Development. In Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS 2024), 683\u2013692."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3605098.3636126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_108_2","unstructured":"Keita Saito Akifumi Wachi Koki Wataoka and Youhei Akimoto. 2023. Verbosity Bias in Preference Labeling by Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.10076."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_110_2","volume-title":"Forbes (July 29","author":"Eliot Lance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lance Eliot. 2024. Knowing About Temperature Settings When Using Generative AI Is Hot Stuff For Prompt Engineering. Forbes (July 29, 2024). Retrieved January 18, 2025, from https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/lanceeliot\/2024\/07\/29\/knowing-about-temperature-settings-when-using-generative-ai-is-hot-stuff-for-prompt-engineering\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_111_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Schulhoff Sander","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sander Schulhoff. 2025. Understanding Temperature, Top P, and Maximum Length in LLMs. Learn Prompting (January 2025). Retrieved January 22, 2025, from https:\/\/learnprompting.org\/docs\/intermediate\/configuration_hyperparameters."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_112_2","volume-title":"From Benchmarks to Red-Teaming: Ensuring Robust and Responsible AI. WillowTree","author":"Avery Michelle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michelle Avery. 2024. From Benchmarks to Red-Teaming: Ensuring Robust and Responsible AI. WillowTree (2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.willowtreeapps.com\/insights\/genai-benchmarking-and-red-teaming."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2024.101080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_114_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"Restack. 2025. Benchmarking AI in Sustainability. Restack (2025). Retrieved May 21, 2025, from https:\/\/www.restack.io\/p\/sustainable-ai-answer-benchmarking-ai-sustainability-cat-ai."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_115_2","volume-title":"Documenting Your Prompts: A Best Practice for Success. Medium","author":"Boonstra Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee Boonstra. 2024. Documenting Your Prompts: A Best Practice for Success. Medium (2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/medium.com\/google-cloud\/documenting-your-prompts-a-best-practice-for-success-1278f2c0344e."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_116_2","volume-title":"How Technical Writers Can Master Prompt Engineering. Document360","author":"Kingson S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Kingson. 2024. How Technical Writers Can Master Prompt Engineering. Document360 (2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/document360.com\/blog\/prompt-engineering-for-technical-writers\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_117_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Khan Thalia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thalia Khan, Albert Tanjaya, Jacob Pratt, and John Howell. 2025. Transparency Through Documentation: A Pathway to Safer AI. Partnership on AI (2025). Retrieved May 21, 2025, from https:\/\/partnershiponai.org\/transparency-through-documentation-a-pathway-to-safer-ai\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44206-024-00109-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_119_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"PromptHero. 2025. Search Prompts for Stable Diffusion, ChatGPT & Midjourney. (January 2025). Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/prompthero.com\/\u200b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_120_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Index The Prompt","year":"2025","unstructured":"The Prompt Index. 2025. AI Prompt Database. The Prompt Index (2025). Retrieved January 18, 2025, from https:\/\/www.thepromptindex.com\/prompt-database."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_121_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2024","unstructured":"Promptsty.com. 2024. Prompts for Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Essential Guide. Promptsty (2024). Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/promptsty.com\/prompts-for-artificial-intelligence-ethics\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_122_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Maastricht University","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maastricht University. 2025. AI Prompt Library. Maastricht University (January 2025). Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/www.maastrichtuniversity.nl\/about-um\/education-at-um\/edlab\/ai-education-maastricht-university\/ai-prompt-library."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_123_2","unstructured":"Tian Y. Liu Stefano Soatto Matteo Marchi Pratik Chaudhari and Paulo Tabuada. 2024. Meanings and Feelings of Large Language Models: Observability of Latent States in Generative AI. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.12345."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_124_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anthropic. 2025. System Prompts: Claude 3.5 Sonnet. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/docs.anthropic.com\/en\/release-notes\/system-prompts."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_125_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"GenAIScript. 2025. System Prompts. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/microsoft.github.io\/genaiscript\/reference\/scripts\/system\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_126_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bachaalany, Elias. 2025. TheBigPromptLibrary: A Collection of Prompts, System Prompts, and LLM Instructions. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/github.com\/0xeb\/TheBigPromptLibrary."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_127_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alex, Vlad. 2025. ChatGPT-System-Prompts. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/github.com\/mustvlad\/ChatGPT-System-Prompts."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15678\/EBER.2023.110302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10875301.2023.2227621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_130_2","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Gonzaga University School of Law.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonzaga University School of Law. 2024. Generative AI & Legal Research: A Guide for Students and Faculty on Using Generative AI as a Tool for Legal Research and Writing. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https:\/\/libguides.law.gonzaga.edu\/c.php?g=1374374."}],"event":{"name":"FAccT '25: The 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","location":"Athens Greece","acronym":"FAccT '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3715275.3732118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T11:13:40Z","timestamp":1750763620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715275.3732118"}},"subtitle":["A Framework for Responsible Prompt Engineering and AI Interaction Design"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":130,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715275.3732118","10.1145\/3715275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715275.3732118","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}