{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:33:17Z","timestamp":1777692797871,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["IZCOZ0_220330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZCOZ0_220330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3715669.3723113","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1748069879000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proxy-Based Pre-Training for Eye-Tracking Applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3524-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Robert","family":"Reich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Universit\u00e4t Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8808-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5776-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena Sophia","family":"Bolliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8968-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1842-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Prasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9018-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena A.","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379156.3391335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander\u00a0L Anwyl-Irvine Thomas Armstrong and Edwin\u00a0S Dalmaijer. 2022. MouseView. js: Reliable and valid attention tracking in web-based experiments using a cursor-directed aperture. Behavior Research Methods 54 4 (2022) 1663\u20131687.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01703-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jason\u00a0JS Barton Hashim\u00a0M Hanif Laura Eklinder\u00a0Bj\u00f6rnstr\u00f6m and Charlotte Hills. 2014. The word-length effect in reading: A review. Cognitive Neuropsychology 31 5-6 (2014) 378\u2013412.","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2014.895314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Keras","author":"Chollet Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois Chollet et\u00a0al. 2015. Keras. https:\/\/keras.io"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems","author":"Dean Jeffrey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jeffrey Dean, Rajat Monga, et\u00a0al. 2015. TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems. https:\/\/www.tensorflow.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Finale Doshi-Velez and Been Kim. 2017. Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1702.08608\u00a0[stat.ML]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57883-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ralf Engbert Andr\u00e9 Longtin and Reinhold Kliegl. 2002. A dynamical model of saccade generation in reading based on spatially distributed lexical processing. Vision Research 42 5 (2002) 621\u2013636.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00301-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ralf Engbert Antje Nuthmann Eike\u00a0M. Richter and Reinhold Kliegl. 2005. SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading.Psychological Review 112 4 (2005) 777.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.4.777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felix Engelmann Shravan Vasishth Ralf Engbert and Reinhold Kliegl. 2013. A framework for modeling the interaction of syntactic processing and eye movement control. Topics in Cognitive Science 5 3 (2013) 452\u2013474.","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073336.1073357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_1","volume-title":"Measurement reliability of individual differences in sentence processing: A cross-methodological reading corpus and Bayesian analysis.","author":"Haller Patrick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patrick Haller, Cui Ding, David\u00a0R. Reich, Iva Koncic, and Lena\u00a0A. J\u00e4ger. 2025. Measurement reliability of individual differences in sentence processing: A cross-methodological reading corpus and Bayesian analysis.Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepp Hochreiter and J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber. 1997. Long short-term memory. Neural Computation 9 8 (1997) 1735\u20131780.","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46147-8_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel\u00a0A Just and Patricia\u00a0A Carpenter. 1976. Eye fixations and cognitive processes. Cognitive Psychology 8 4 (1976) 441\u2013480.","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90015-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel\u00a0A Just and Patricia\u00a0A Carpenter. 1980. A Theory of Reading: From Eye Fixations to Comprehension. Psychological Review 87 4 (1980) 329\u2013354.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295X.87.4.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel\u00a0A Just Patricia\u00a0A Carpenter and Jacqueline\u00a0D Woolley. 1982. Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension.Journal of Experimental Psychology 111 2 (1982) 228\u2013238.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0096-3445.111.2.228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon Khan Charles Devlen Michael Manno and Daqing Hou. 2024. Mouse Dynamics Behavioral Biometrics: A Survey. Association for Computing Machinery: Computing Surveys 56 6 (2024) 1 \u2013 33.","DOI":"10.1145\/3640311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Kingma Diederik\u00a0P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diederik\u00a0P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2015. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations. San Diego, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthias K\u00fcmmerer Matthias Bethge and Thomas\u00a0SA Wallis. 2022. DeepGaze III: Modeling free-viewing human scanpaths with deep learning. Journal of Vision 22 5 (2022) 7\u20137.","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.5.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roger Levy. 2008. Expectation-based syntactic comprehension. Cognition 106 3 (2008) 1126\u20131177.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-10925-7_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvia Makowski Paul Prasse David\u00a0R Reich Daniel Krakowczyk Lena\u00a0A J\u00e4ger and Tobias Scheffer. 2021. DeepEyedentificationLive: Oculomotoric biometric identification and presentation-attack detection using deep neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics Behavior and Identity Science 3 4 (2021) 506\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3116875"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diane\u00a0C M\u00e9zi\u00e8re Lili Yu Genevieve McArthur Erik\u00a0D Reichle and Titus von\u00a0der Malsburg. 2024. Scanpath Regularity as an Index of Reading Comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading 28 1 (2024) 79\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2023.2232063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diane\u00a0C M\u00e9zi\u00e8re Lili Yu Erik\u00a0D Reichle Titus Von Der\u00a0Malsburg and Genevieve McArthur. 2023. Using eye-tracking measures to predict reading comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly 58 3 (2023) 425\u2013449.","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Tom O\u2019Malley Elie Bursztein James Long Fran\u00e7ois Chollet Haifeng Jin Luca Invernizzi et\u00a0al. 2019. KerasTuner. https:\/\/github.com\/keras-team\/keras-tuner."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"Fabian Pedregosa Ga\u00ebl Varoquaux Alexandre Gramfort Vincent Michel Bertrand Thirion Olivier Grisel Mathieu Blondel Peter Prettenhofer Ron Weiss Vincent Dubourg Jake Vanderplas Alexandre Passos David Cournapeau Matthieu Brucher Matthieu Perrot and Edouard Duchesnay. 2011. Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12 (2011) 2825\u20132830."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517031.3529633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Prasse David\u00a0R Reich Silvia Makowski Tobias Scheffer and Lena\u00a0A J\u00e4ger. 2024. Improving cognitive-state analysis from eye gaze with synthetic eye-movement data. Computers & Graphics (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2024.103901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith Rayner. 1998. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124 3 (1998) 372\u2013422.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith Rayner and Charles Clifton\u00a0Jr. 2009. Language processing in reading and speech perception is fast and incremental: Implications for event-related potential research. Biological Psychology 80 1 (2009) 4\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","author":"Reich David\u00a0R","year":"2022","unstructured":"David\u00a0R Reich, Paul Prasse, Chiara Tschirner, Patrick Haller, Frank Goldhammer, and Lena\u00a0A J\u00e4ger. 2022. Inferring Native and Non-Native Human Reading Comprehension and Subjective Text Difficulty from Scanpaths in Reading. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Seattle, WA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erik\u00a0D Reichle Keith Rayner and Alexander Pollatsek. 2003. The E-Z reader model of eye-movement control in reading: comparisons to other models. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (2003) 445\u2013526. Issue 4.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X03000104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerri Walter and Peter Bex. 2021. Cognitive load influences oculomotor behavior in natural scenes. Scientific Reports 11 (2021). Issue 1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91845-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ethan\u00a0G Wilcox Cui Ding Mrinmaya Sachan and Lena\u00a0A J\u00e4ger. 2024. Mouse Tracking for Reading (MoTR): A new naturalistic incremental processing measurement tool. Journal of Memory and Language 138 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2024.104534"}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '25: 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Tokyo Japan","acronym":"ETRA '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3723113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:18:19Z","timestamp":1750295899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3723113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715669.3723113","10.1145\/3715669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715669.3723113","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}