{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:17:39Z","timestamp":1784675859422,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":105,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chips Joint Undertaking (Chips JU) and its members, including top-up funding by Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden","award":["101139942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101139942"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3715669.3726788","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1748069879000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["From Gaze to Data: Privacy and Societal Challenges of Using Eye-tracking Data to Inform GenAI Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-4997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Abdrabou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"\u00d6zdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5580-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virmarie","family":"Maquiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efe","family":"Bozkir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enkelejda","family":"Kasneci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_1","unstructured":"2025. EU Artificial Intelligence Act. https:\/\/artificialintelligenceact.eu\/ Accessed: 2025-03-17."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_1","unstructured":"Sara Abdali Richard Anarfi CJ Barberan and Jia He. 2024. Securing large language models: Threats vulnerabilities and responsible practices. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2403.12503 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L Abdrabou Mariam Hassib Shuqin Hu Ken Pfeuffer Mohamed Khamis Andreas Bulling and Florian Alt. 2024a. EyeSeeIdentity: Exploring Natural Gaze Behaviour for Implicit User Identification during Photo Viewing. (01 2024). 10.14722\/usec.2024.23057","DOI":"10.14722\/usec.2024.23057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448017.3457384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_1","unstructured":"Josh Achiam Steven Adler Sandhini Agarwal Lama Ahmad Ilge Akkaya Florencia\u00a0Leoni Aleman Diogo Almeida Janko Altenschmidt Sam Altman Shyamal Anadkat et\u00a0al. 2023. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/342009.335438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahar Mahdie\u00a0Klim Al Zaidawi Martin\u00a0H.U. Prinzler Jonas L\u00fchrs and Sebastian Maneth. 2022. An extensive study of user identification via eye movements across multiple datasets. Signal Processing: Image Communication 108 (2022) 116804. 10.1016\/j.image.2022.116804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2022.116804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04702-715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noora Alsakar Yasmeen Abdrabou Simone Stumpf and Mohamed Khamis. 2023. Investigating Privacy Perceptions and Subjective Acceptance of Eye Tracking on Handheld Mobile Devices. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 ETRA Article 164 (May 2023) 16\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3591133","DOI":"10.1145\/3591133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anastasios\u00a0N Angelopoulos Julien\u00a0NP Martel Amit\u00a0P Kohli Jorg Conradt and Gordon Wetzstein. 2021. Event-Based Near-Eye Gaze Tracking Beyond 10 000 Hz. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 27 5 (2021) 2577\u20132586.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3067784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynold Bailey Ann McNamara Nisha Sudarsanam and Cindy Grimm. 2009. Subtle gaze direction. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 28 4 (2009) 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1145\/1559755.1559757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maciej\u00a0M Bartuzel Krystian Wr\u00f3bel Szymon Tamborski Micha\u0142 Meina Maciej Nowakowski Krzysztof Dalasi\u0144ski Anna Szkulmowska and Maciej Szkulmowski. 2020. High-resolution ultrafast wide-field retinal eye-tracking for enhanced quantification of fixational and saccadic motion. Biomedical Optics Express 11 6 (2020) 3164\u20133180.","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.392849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2659922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Efe Bozkir Onur G\u00fcnl\u00fc Wolfgang Fuhl Rafael\u00a0F. Schaefer and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2021. Differential privacy for eye tracking with temporal correlations. PLOS ONE 16 8 (2021). 10.1371\/journal.pone.0255979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Efe Bozkir Clara Riedmiller Athanassios\u00a0N. Skodras Gjergji Kasneci and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024. Can You Tell Real from Fake Face Images? Perception of Computer-Generated Faces by Humans. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 22 2 (2024). 10.1145\/3696667","DOI":"10.1145\/3696667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_1","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared\u00a0D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et\u00a0al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678957.3685710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1620545.1620552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreas Bulling Jamie\u00a0A Ward Hans Gellersen and Gerhard Tr\u00f6ster. 2010. Eye movement analysis for activity recognition using electrooculography. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 33 4 (2010) 741\u2013753.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3588015.3589197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_1","first-page":"5253","volume-title":"32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23)","author":"Carlini Nicolas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicolas Carlini, Jamie Hayes, Milad Nasr, Matthew Jagielski, Vikash Sehwag, Florian Tramer, Borja Balle, Daphne Ippolito, and Eric Wallace. 2023. Extracting training data from diffusion models. In 32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23). 5253\u20135270."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Cascella Jonathan Montomoli Valentina Bellini and Elena Bignami. 2023. Evaluating the feasibility of ChatGPT in healthcare: an analysis of multiple clinical and research scenarios. Journal of medical systems 47 1 (2023) 33.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nora Castner Lea Ge\u00dfler David Geisler Fabian H\u00fcttig and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2020a. Towards expert gaze modeling and recognition of a user\u2019s attention in realtime. Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.09.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379155.3391320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyang Chen Zongxiao Wu and Ruoran Zhao. 2023. From fiction to fact: the growing role of generative AI in business and finance. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 21 4 (2023) 471\u2013496.","DOI":"10.1080\/14765284.2023.2245279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiwei Cheng and Ying Liu. 2012. Eye-tracking based adaptive user interface: implicit human-computer interaction for preference indication. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 5 (2012) 77\u201384.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-011-0064-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badhan\u00a0Chandra Das M\u00a0Hadi Amini and Yanzhao Wu. 2025. Security and privacy challenges of large language models: A survey. Comput. Surveys 57 6 (2025) 1\u201339.","DOI":"10.1145\/3712001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2393382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawel Drozdowski Christian Rathgeb Antitza Dantcheva Naser Damer and Christoph Busch. 2020. Demographic bias in biometrics: A survey on an emerging challenge. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 1 2 (2020) 89\u2013103.","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2020.2992344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57883-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilary\u00a0O Edughele Yinghui Zhang Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki Quoc-Tuan Vien Haley Morris-Cafiero and Michael\u00a0Opoku Agyeman. 2022. Eye-tracking assistive technologies for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. IEEE Access 10 (2022) 41952\u201341972.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3164075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic.2013.0258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph Ferdinand Hong Gao Philipp Stark Efe Bozkir Jens-Uwe Hahn Enkelejda Kasneci and Richard G\u00f6llner. 2024. The impact of a usefulness intervention on students\u2019 learning achievement in a virtual biology lesson: An eye-tracking-based approach. Learning and Instruction 90 (2024) 101867.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefan Feuerriegel Jochen Hartmann Christian Janiesch and Patrick Zschech. 2024. Generative ai. Business & Information Systems Engineering 66 1 (2024) 111\u2013126.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anke Fischer-Janzen Thomas\u00a0M Wendt and Kristof Van\u00a0Laerhoven. 2024. A scoping review of gaze and eye tracking-based control methods for assistive robotic arms. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 11 (2024) 1326670.","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2024.1326670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isabel\u00a0O Gallegos Ryan\u00a0A Rossi Joe Barrow Md\u00a0Mehrab Tanjim Sungchul Kim Franck Dernoncourt Tong Yu Ruiyi Zhang and Nesreen\u00a0K Ahmed. 2024. Bias and fairness in large language models: A survey. Computational Linguistics 50 3 (2024) 1097\u20131179.","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3562939.3565623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenezer Golda Kidus Mekonen Amit Pandey Anushka Singh Vikas Hassija Vinay Chamola and Biplab Sikdar. 2024. Privacy and security concerns in generative AI: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Access (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3381611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abigail Goldsteen Gilad Ezov Ron Shmelkin Micha Moffie and Ariel Farkash. 2022. Data minimization for GDPR compliance in machine learning models. AI and Ethics 2 3 (2022) 477\u2013491.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00095-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_1","unstructured":"Ian\u00a0J Goodfellow Jean Pouget-Abadie Mehdi Mirza Bing Xu David Warde-Farley Sherjil Ozair Aaron Courville and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Generative adversarial nets. Advances in neural information processing systems 27 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennifer\u00a0X Haensel Tim\u00a0J Smith and Atsushi Senju. 2022. Cultural differences in mutual gaze during face-to-face interactions: A dual head-mounted eye-tracking study. Visual Cognition 30 1-2 (2022) 100\u2013115.","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2021.1928354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_1","unstructured":"Jamie Hayes Luca Melis George Danezis and Emiliano De\u00a0Cristofaro. 2017. Logan: Membership inference attacks against generative models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1705.07663 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_1","volume-title":"Eye-tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods, paradigms and measures","author":"Holmqvist Kenneth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kenneth Holmqvist and Richard Andersson. 2017. Eye-tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods, paradigms and measures."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabrina Hoppe Tobias Loetscher Stephanie\u00a0A Morey and Andreas Bulling. 2018. Eye movements during everyday behavior predict personality traits. Frontiers in human neuroscience 12 (2018) 328195.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_1","unstructured":"He-Yen Hsieh Ziyun Li Sai\u00a0Qian Zhang Wei-Te\u00a0Mark Ting Kao-Den Chang Barbara De\u00a0Salvo Chiao Liu and HT Kung. 2024. GazeGen: Gaze-Driven User Interaction for Visual Content Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.04335 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamatis Karnouskos. 2020. Artificial intelligence in digital media: The era of deepfakes. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 1 3 (2020) 138\u2013147.","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2020.3001312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enkelejda Kasneci Kathrin Se\u00dfler Stefan K\u00fcchemann Maria Bannert Daryna Dementieva Frank Fischer Urs Gasser Georg Groh Stephan G\u00fcnnemann Eyke H\u00fcllermeier et\u00a0al. 2023. ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and individual differences 103 (2023) 102274.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hareem Kibriya Wazir\u00a0Zada Khan Ayesha Siddiqa and Muhammad\u00a0Khurram Khan. 2024. Privacy issues in large language models: a survey. Computers and Electrical Engineering 120 (2024) 109698.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju\u00a0Yeon Kim and Mi\u00a0Jeong Kim. 2024. Identifying customer preferences through the eye-tracking in travel websites focusing on neuromarketing. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 23 2 (2024) 515\u2013527.","DOI":"10.1080\/13467581.2023.2244566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayeon Kim and Hyunsoo Lee. 2021. Assessing consumer attention and arousal using eye-tracking technology in virtual retail environment. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021) 665658.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.665658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ellen\u00a0M Kok and Halszka Jarodzka. 2017. Before your very eyes: the value and limitations of eye tracking in medical education. Medical Education 51 1 (2017). 10.1111\/medu.13066","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_1","unstructured":"Robert Konrad Nitish Padmanaban J\u00a0Gabriel Buckmaster Kevin\u00a0C Boyle and Gordon Wetzstein. 2024. Gazegpt: Augmenting human capabilities using gaze-contingent contextual ai for smart eyewear. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2401.17217 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42504-3_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maja K\u0119dras and Janusz Sobecki. 2023. What Is Hidden in Clear Sight and How to Find It\u2014A Survey of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Eye Tracking. Information 14 11 (2023). 10.3390\/info14110624","DOI":"10.3390\/info14110624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2018.8448290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_1","unstructured":"Ka\u00a0Hei\u00a0Carrie Lau Sema Sen Philipp Stark Efe Bozkir and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024. Personalized Generative AI in VR for Enhanced Engagement: Eye-Tracking Insights into Cultural Heritage Learning through Neapolitan Pizza Making. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.18438 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3604237.3626869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3489849.3489880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2638728.2641688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_1","unstructured":"Yi Liu Gelei Deng Yuekang Li Kailong Wang Zihao Wang Xiaofeng Wang Tianwei Zhang Yepang Liu Haoyu Wang Yan Zheng et\u00a0al. 2023. Prompt Injection attack against LLM-integrated Applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2306.05499 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_1","first-page":"1831","volume-title":"33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24)","author":"Liu Yupei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yupei Liu, Yuqi Jia, Runpeng Geng, Jinyuan Jia, and Neil\u00a0Zhenqiang Gong. 2024. Formalizing and benchmarking prompt injection attacks and defenses. In 33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24). 1831\u20131847."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_1","unstructured":"Virmarie Maquiling Sean\u00a0Anthony Byrne Diederick\u00a0C Niehorster Marco Carminati and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024a. Zero-Shot Pupil Segmentation with SAM 2: A Case Study of Over 14 Million Images. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.08926 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virmarie Maquiling Sean\u00a0Anthony Byrne Diederick\u00a0C Niehorster Marcus Nystr\u00f6m and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024b. Zero-shot segmentation of eye features using the segment anything model (sam). Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 7 2 (2024) 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1145\/3654704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_1","unstructured":"Virmarie Maquiling Li Zhaoping and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024c. Imperceptible Gaze Guidance Through Ocularity in Virtual Reality. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2412.09204 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johannes Meyer Thomas Schlebusch Wolfgang Fuhl and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2020. A novel camera-free eye tracking sensor for augmented reality based on laser scanning. IEEE Sensors Journal 20 24 (2020) 15204\u201315212.","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3011985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah Kartik Goyal Archit Uniyal Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick and Reza Shokri. 2022. Quantifying privacy risks of masked language models using membership inference attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2203.03929 (2022).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabio Motoki Valdemar Pinho\u00a0Neto and Victor Rodrigues. 2024. More human than human: measuring ChatGPT political bias. Public Choice 198 1 (2024) 3\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11127-023-01097-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_1","unstructured":"Moin Nadeem Anna Bethke and Siva Reddy. 2020. StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2004.09456 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakub\u00a0\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Nov\u00e1k Jan Masner Petr Benda Pavel \u0160imek and Vojt\u011bch Merunka. 2024. Eye tracking usability and user experience: A systematic review. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 40 17 (2024) 4484\u20134500.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2221600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00fcleyman \u00d6zdel Efe Bozkir and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024. Privacy-preserving Scanpath Comparison for Pervasive Eye Tracking. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 ETRA (2024). 10.1145\/3655605","DOI":"10.1145\/3655605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_77_1","unstructured":"European Parliament. 2016. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Online Available: https:\/\/gdpr.eu."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantinos Patsakis and Nikolaos Lykousas. 2023. Man vs the machine in the struggle for effective text anonymisation in the age of large language models. Scientific Reports 13 1 (2023) 16026.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42977-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateusz Pomianek Marek Piszczek and Marcin Maciejewski. 2021. MEMS mirror based eye tracking: simulation of the system parameter effect on the accuracy of pupil position estimation. Metrology and Measurement Systems 28 4 (2021).","DOI":"10.24425\/mms.2021.137704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517031.3529633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith Rayner. 2009. The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading scene perception and visual search. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology 62 8 (2009) 1457\u20131506.","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902816461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_82_1","unstructured":"Matthew Sag. 2023. Copyright safety for generative AI. Hous. L. Rev. 61 (2023) 295."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pamela Samuelson. 2023. Generative AI meets copyright. Science 381 6654 (2023) 158\u2013161.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi0656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frederick Shic. 2016. Eye Tracking as a Behavioral Biomarker for Psychiatric Conditions: The Road Ahead. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55 4 (2016) 267\u2013268. 10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.02.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_85_1","first-page":"703","volume-title":"International Conference on Smart Systems: Innovations in Computing","author":"Singh Tulika","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tulika Singh. 2023. AI-Driven Surveillance Technologies and Human Rights: Balancing Security and Privacy. In International Conference on Smart Systems: Innovations in Computing. Springer, 703\u2013717."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3319915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3319913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Md\u00a0Samiul\u00a0Haque Sunny Md\u00a0Ishrak\u00a0Islam Zarif Ivan Rulik Javier Sanjuan Mohammad\u00a0Habibur Rahman Sheikh\u00a0Iqbal Ahamed Inga Wang Katie Schultz and Brahim Brahmi. 2021. Eye-gaze control of a wheelchair mounted 6DOF assistive robot for activities of daily living. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 18 (2021) 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00969-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling Tao Quan Wang Ding Liu Jing Wang Ziqing Zhu and Li Feng. 2020. Eye tracking metrics to screen and assess cognitive impairment in patients with neurological disorders. Neurological Sciences 41 (2020) 1697\u20131704.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04310-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasuo Terao Hideki Fukuda and Okihide Hikosaka. 2017. What do eye movements tell us about patients with neurological disorders?\u2014An introduction to saccade recording in the clinical setting\u2014. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B 93 10 (2017) 772\u2013801.","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTCC.2017.8107093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_92_1","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani Noam Shazeer Niki Parmar Jakob Uszkoreit Llion Jones Aidan\u00a0N Gomez \u0141ukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9lodie Vidal Jayson Turner Andreas Bulling and Hans Gellersen. 2012. Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring. Computer Communications 35 11 (2012) 1306\u20131311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michel Wedel Rik Pieters et\u00a0al. 2008. Eye tracking for visual marketing. Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Marketing 1 4 (2008) 231\u2013320.","DOI":"10.1561\/1700000011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_96_1","unstructured":"Laura Weidinger John Mellor Maribeth Rauh Conor Griffin Jonathan Uesato Po-Sen Huang Myra Cheng Mia Glaese Borja Balle Atoosa Kasirzadeh et\u00a0al. 2021. Ethical and social risks of harm from language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2112.04359 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexandra Wolf and Kazuo Ueda. 2021. Contribution of eye-tracking to study cognitive impairments among clinical populations. Frontiers in psychology 12 (2021) 590986.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.590986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_98_1","unstructured":"Kun Yan Zeyu Wang Lei Ji Yuntao Wang Nan Duan and Shuai Ma. 2024. Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User\u2019s Gaze Attention. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 (2024) 1890\u20131918."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_99_1","unstructured":"Sikai Yang Gang Yan and Wan Du. 2024. See Where You Read with Eye Gaze Tracking and Large Language Model. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.19454 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yifan Yao Jinhao Duan Kaidi Xu Yuanfang Cai Zhibo Sun and Yue Zhang. 2024. A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good the bad and the ugly. High-Confidence Computing (2024) 100211.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2024.100211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_101_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 2014: Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment","author":"Yoon Hong-Jun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong-Jun Yoon, Tandy\u00a0R Carmichael, and Georgia Tourassi. 2014. Gaze as a biometric. In Medical Imaging 2014: Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment, Vol.\u00a09037. SPIE, 39\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993901.2993908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng Zhang and Maged\u00a0N Kamel\u00a0Boulos. 2023. Generative AI in medicine and healthcare: promises opportunities and challenges. Future Internet 15 9 (2023) 286.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15090286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuhong Zhang Qin Li Sujal Nahata Tasnia Jamal Shih-Kuen Cheng Gert Cauwenberghs and Tzyy-Ping Jung. 2024b. Integrating Large Language Model EEG and Eye-Tracking for Word-Level Neural State Classification in Reading Comprehension. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2024.3435460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_106_1","unstructured":"Xin Zhou Martin Weyssow Ratnadira Widyasari Ting Zhang Junda He Yunbo Lyu Jianming Chang Beiqi Zhang Dan Huang and David Lo. 2025. LessLeak-Bench: A First Investigation of Data Leakage in LLMs Across 83 Software Engineering Benchmarks. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2502.06215 (2025)."}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '25: 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Tokyo Japan","acronym":"ETRA '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3726788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:19:13Z","timestamp":1750295953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3726788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715669.3726788","10.1145\/3715669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715669.3726788","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}