{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T21:24:35Z","timestamp":1771709075691,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":38,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3715669.3727348","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1748069879000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Energy-Aware Benchmarking of Wearable Eye Trackers"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3485-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Carminati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, MI, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6428-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Melloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Eyewear Lab, EssilorLuxottica, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2289-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Marano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EssilorLuxottica, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9628-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Pettenella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEL, EssilorLuxottica, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5347-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EssilorLuxottica, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6956-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Maria","family":"Crafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4936-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Aspesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Duchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9589-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ongarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EssilorLuxottica, Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5954-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Merigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EssilorLuxottica, Milan, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richard Andersson Marcus Nystr\u00f6m and Kenneth Holmqvist. 2010. Sampling frequency and eye-tracking measures: how speed affects durations latencies and more. Journal of Eye Movement Research 3 3 (2010).","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.3.3.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517031.3532522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Terry Bahill Margaret\u00a0R. Clark and Lawrence Stark. 1975. The main sequence a tool for studying human eye movements. Mathematical Biosciences 24 3\u20134 (1975) 191\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(75)90075-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_1","unstructured":"Pieter Blignaut. 2010. Fixation identification: The optimum threshold for a dispersion algorithm. Attention Perception & Psychophysics 72 4 (2010) 871\u2013879."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_1","unstructured":"M Carminati. 2025. https:\/\/github.com\/mcarminat\/eyetracking_benchmark."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAS60918.2024.10636540"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirsten\u00a0A Dalrymple Marie\u00a0D Manner Katherine\u00a0A Harmelink Elayne\u00a0P Teska and Jed\u00a0T Elison. 2018. An examination of recording accuracy and precision from eye tracking data from toddlerhood to adulthood. Frontiers in psychology 9 (2018) 803.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_1","unstructured":"Heiner Deubel Werner Wolf and G\u00fcnter Hauske. 1987. Adaptation of gain and main sequence of saccadic eye movements. Human Neurobiology 6 2 (1987) 105\u2013113."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCST.1995.524954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57883-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matt\u00a0J Dunn Robert\u00a0G Alexander Onyekachukwu\u00a0M Amiebenomo Gemma Arblaster Denize Atan Jonathan\u00a0T Erichsen Ulrich Ettinger Mario\u00a0E Giardini Iain\u00a0D Gilchrist Ruth Hamilton et\u00a0al. 2024. Minimal reporting guideline for research involving eye tracking (2023 edition). Behavior research methods 56 5 (2024) 4351\u20134357.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02187-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedikt\u00a0V Ehinger Katharina Gro\u00df Inga Ibs and Peter K\u00f6nig. 2019. A new comprehensive eye-tracking test battery concurrently evaluating the Pupil Labs glasses and the EyeLink 1000. PeerJ 7 (2019) e7086.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sergio Garrido-Jurado Rafael Mu\u00f1oz Salinas Francisco\u00a0J Madrid-Cuevas and Manuel\u00a0J Mar\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez. 2014. Automatic generation and detection of highly reliable fiducial markers under occlusion. Pattern Recognition 47 6 (2014) 2280\u20132292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher Gundler Matthias Temmen Alessandro Gulberti Monika P\u00f6tter-Nerger and Frank \u00dcckert. 2024. Improving Eye-Tracking Data Quality: A Framework for Reproducible Evaluation of Detection Algorithms. Sensors 24 9 (2024) 2688.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_1","unstructured":"K Guo et\u00a0al. 2025. https:\/\/nicsefc.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn\/project.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_1","volume-title":"Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures","author":"Holmqvist Kenneth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kenneth Holmqvist, Marcus Nystr\u00f6m, Richard Andersson, Rowena Dewhurst, Halszka Jarodzka, and Joost Van\u00a0de Weijer. 2011. Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ignace\u00a0TC Hooge Roy\u00a0S Hessels Diederick\u00a0C Niehorster Richard Andersson Marta\u00a0K Skrok Robert Konklewski Patrycjusz Stremplewski Maciej Nowakowski Szymon Tamborski Anna Szkulmowska et\u00a0al. 2025. Eye tracker calibration: How well can humans refixate a target?Behavior Research Methods 57 1 (2025) 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-024-02564-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_1","unstructured":"Zehao Huang Xiaoting Duan Gancheng Zhu Shuai Zhang Rong Wang and Zhiguo Wang. 2024. Assessing the data quality of AdHawk MindLink eye-tracking glasses. Behavior Research Methods (2024) 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobiasz Kaduk Caspar Goeke Holger Finger and Peter K\u00f6nig. 2024. Webcam eye tracking close to laboratory standards: Comparing a new webcam-based system and the EyeLink 1000. Behavior research methods 56 5 (2024) 5002\u20135022.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02237-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolaos Kourkoumelis and Margaret Tzaphlidou. 2011. Eye safety related to near infrared radiation exposure to biometric devices. The Scientific World Journal 11 1 (2011) 520\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2011.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2669557.2669558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander Leube and Katharina Rifai. 2017. Sampling rate influences saccade detection in mobile eye tracking of a reading task. Journal of eye movement research 10 3 (2017).","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.10.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR50242.2020.00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_1","unstructured":"Yingxi Li Xiaowei Bai Liang Xie Xiaodong Wang Feng Lu Feitian Zhang Ye Yan and Erwei Yin. 2024. Real-time Gaze Tracking via Head-eye Cues on Head Mounted Devices. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Lotze Kassia Love Anca Velisar and Natela\u00a0M Shanidze. 2024. A low-cost robotic oculomotor simulator for assessing eye tracking accuracy in health and disease. Behavior Research Methods 56 1 (2024) 80\u201392.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01938-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HSI.2018.8431368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_1","unstructured":"B Murman. 2025. https:\/\/github.com\/bmurmann\/ADC-survey."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diederick\u00a0C Niehorster Marcus Nystr\u00f6m Roy\u00a0S Hessels Richard Andersson Jeroen\u00a0S Benjamins Dan\u00a0Witzner Hansen and Ignace\u00a0TC Hooge. 2025. The fundamentals of eye tracking part 4: Tools for conducting an eye tracking study. Behavior Research Methods 57 1 (2025) 46.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-024-02529-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diederick\u00a0C Niehorster Thiago Santini Roy\u00a0S Hessels Ignace\u00a0TC Hooge Enkelejda Kasneci and Marcus Nystr\u00f6m. 2020. The impact of slippage on the data quality of head-worn eye trackers. Behavior research methods 52 (2020) 1140\u20131160.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01307-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakub\u00a0\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Nov\u00e1k Jan Masner Petr Benda Pavel \u0160imek and Vojt\u011bch Merunka. 2024. Eye tracking usability and user experience: A systematic review. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 40 17 (2024) 4484\u20134500.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2221600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Onkhar D Dodou and JCF De\u00a0Winter. 2024. Evaluating the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 and 3 in static and dynamic conditions. Behavior Research Methods 56 5 (2024) 4221\u20134238.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02173-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristof Ooms Lieselot Dupont Lise Lapon and Stanislav Popelka. 2015. Accuracy and precision of fixation locations recorded with the low-cost EyeTribe tracker in different experimental setups. Journal of Eye Movement Research 8 1 (2015) 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.8.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonathan Peirce John\u00a0R Gray Susan Simpson Malcolm MacAskill Richard H\u00f6chenberger Hiroyuki Sogo and Kenneth Jonas. 2019. PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods 51 1 (2019) 195\u2013203.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marta Rusnak Zofia Koszewicz Franciszek Hackemer Izabela Garaszczuk Andrew\u00a0T Duchowski and Rafa\u0142 Karnicki. 2025. Enhancing Mobile Eye-Tracking in Extreme Urban Lighting Conditions. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences (2025) e152709\u2013e152709.","DOI":"10.24425\/bpasts.2024.152709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daan\u00a0R van Renswoude Maartje\u00a0EJ Raijmakers Arnout Koornneef Scott\u00a0P Johnson Sabine Hunnius and Ingmar Visser. 2018. Gazepath: An eye-tracking analysis tool that accounts for individual differences and data quality. Behavior research methods 50 (2018) 834\u2013852.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0909-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anca Velisar and Natela\u00a0M Shanidze. 2024. Noise estimation for head-mounted 3D binocular eye tracking using Pupil Core eye-tracking goggles. Behavior Research Methods 56 1 (2024) 53\u201379.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02150-0"}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '25: 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Tokyo Japan","acronym":"ETRA '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3727348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:19:14Z","timestamp":1750295954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3715669.3727348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3715669.3727348","10.1145\/3715669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715669.3727348","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}