{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1767183003014,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation CNS","award":["2139167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2139167"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3716368.3735299","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T13:58:23Z","timestamp":1751032703000},"page":"922-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Light-Speed Large Language Model Accelerator with Optical Stochastic Computing"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0376-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Afifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwaseun","family":"Alo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Of Kentucky, Lexington, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishan","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-0066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudeep","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_1_2","volume-title":"NIPS","author":"Vaswani A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. Vaswani, et al. \u201cAttention is all you need,\u201d NIPS, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"CoRR","author":"Devlin J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Devlin, et al. \u201cBERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,\u201d CoRR, Oct 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","volume-title":"Gpt-4 technical report","author":"Achiam J.","year":"2023","unstructured":"J. Achiam, et al., \u201cGpt-4 technical report,\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774., 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Dosovitskiy A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"A. Dosovitskiy, et al., \u201cAn image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale,\u201d ICLR, Oct. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Hardware accelerator for multi-head attention and position-wise feed-forward in the transformer,\" IEEE SOCC","author":"Lu S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Lu, M. Wang, S. Liang, J. Lin, J. and Wang, Z., \"Hardware accelerator for multi-head attention and position-wise feed-forward in the transformer,\" IEEE SOCC, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","volume-title":"TransPIM: A Memory-based Acceleration via Software-Hardware Co-Design for Transformer,\" IEEE HPCA","author":"Zhou M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Zhou, W. Xu, J. Kang and T. Rosing, \"TransPIM: A Memory-based Acceleration via Software-Hardware Co-Design for Transformer,\" IEEE HPCA, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"CrossLight: A cross-layer optimized silicon photonic neural network accelerator","author":"Sunny F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"F. Sunny, et al. \u201cCrossLight: A cross-layer optimized silicon photonic neural network accelerator.\u201d ACM\/IEEE DAC,2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","volume-title":"RecLight: A Recurrent Neural Network Accelerator with Integrated Silicon Photonics.\" IEEE ISVLSI","author":"Sunny F.","year":"2022","unstructured":"F. Sunny et al., \"RecLight: A Recurrent Neural Network Accelerator with Integrated Silicon Photonics.\" IEEE ISVLSI, 2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"GHOST: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator using Silicon Photonics.\" ACM","author":"Afifi S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Afifi et al., \"GHOST: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator using Silicon Photonics.\" ACM, 2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","volume-title":"Lightening-transformer: A dynamically-operated optically-interconnected photonic transformer accelerator.\" IEEE HPCA","author":"Zhu H.","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Zhu, et al. \"Lightening-transformer: A dynamically-operated optically-interconnected photonic transformer accelerator.\" IEEE HPCA, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","volume-title":"Tron: Transformer neural network acceleration with non-coherent silicon photonics.\" GLSVLSI","author":"Afifi S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Afifi et al., \"Tron: Transformer neural network acceleration with non-coherent silicon photonics.\" GLSVLSI, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE58400.2024.10546653"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","volume-title":"Scope: A stochastic computing engine for dram-based in-situ accelerator","author":"Li S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Li, \u201cScope: A stochastic computing engine for dram-based in-situ accelerator,\u201d IEEE\/ACM MICRO, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2024.3446719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS54959.2023.00061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED57927.2023.10129297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","volume-title":"Atria: A bit-parallel stochastic arithmetic based accelerator for in-dram cnn processing.\" IEEE ISVLSI","author":"Mysore S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Mysore, et al., \"Atria: A bit-parallel stochastic arithmetic based accelerator for in-dram cnn processing.\" IEEE ISVLSI, 2021."},{"volume-title":"Accessed on","year":"2024","key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Lightelligence, [Online]: https:\/\/www.lightelligence.ai\/, Accessed on: Nov 15, 2024."},{"volume-title":"Accessed on","year":"2024","key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Lightmatter, [Online]: https:\/\/lightmatter.co\/, Accessed on: Nov 15, 2024."},{"volume-title":"Accessed on","year":"2024","key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Luminous, [Online]: https:\/\/www.luminous.com, Accessed on: Nov 15, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","article-title":"\u03bb-Size ITO and Graphene-Based Electro-Optic Modulators on SOI","author":"Ye C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"C. Ye, et al., \u201c\u03bb-Size ITO and Graphene-Based Electro-Optic Modulators on SOI,\u201d IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2014.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.005181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2022-0049"},{"volume-title":"Pic design and simulation software- lumerical interconnect","year":"2021","key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"\u201cPic design and simulation software- lumerical interconnect,\u201d Apr 2021. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.lumerical.com\/products\/interconnect\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2022-0441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED57927.2023.10129294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","volume-title":"Science","author":"Sludds A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"A. Sludds, et al., \u201cDelocalized photonic deep learning on the inter net's edge,\u201d Science, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.001623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED57927.2023.10129380"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01244-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"HP Labs : CACTI. [Online]: https:\/\/www.hpl.hp.com\/research\/cacti\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2757945"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSICircuits18222.2020.9163064"}],"event":{"name":"GLSVLSI '25: Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025","sponsor":["SIGDA ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation"],"location":"New Orleans LA USA","acronym":"GLSVLSI '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:37:35Z","timestamp":1751035055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3716368.3735299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3716368.3735299","10.1145\/3716368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3716368.3735299","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}