{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:12:58Z","timestamp":1775873578141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program of Hubei Province","award":["2023BAB017, 2023BAB079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BAB017, 2023BAB079"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62325201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62325201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Xiaomi Young Talents Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    WebAssembly (Wasm) is an emerging binary format that serves as a compilation target for over 40 programming languages. Wasm runtimes provide execution environments that enhance portability by abstracting away operating systems and hardware details. A key component in these runtimes is the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI), which manages interactions with operating systems, like file operations. Considering the critical role of Wasm runtimes, the community has aimed to detect their implementation bugs. However, no work has focused on WASI-specific bugs that can affect the original functionalities of running Wasm binaries and cause unexpected results. To fill the void, we present\n                    <jats:sc>DrWASI<\/jats:sc>\n                    , the first general-purpose differential testing framework for WASI implementations. Our approach uses a large language model to generate seeds and applies variant and environment mutation strategies to expand and enrich the test case corpus. We then perform differential testing across major Wasm runtimes. By leveraging dynamic and static information collected during and after the execution,\n                    <jats:sc>DrWASI<\/jats:sc>\n                    can identify bugs. Our evaluation shows that\n                    <jats:sc>DrWASI<\/jats:sc>\n                    uncovered 33 unique bugs, with all confirmed and 7 fixed by developers. This research represents a pioneering step in exploring a promising yet under-explored area of the Wasm ecosystem, providing valuable insights for stakeholders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3716379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T10:54:32Z","timestamp":1739271272000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>DrWASI<\/scp>\n                    : LLM-assisted Differential Testing for WebAssembly System Interface Implementations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3466-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9980-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9613-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4557-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangtong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9302-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaibo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1100-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China and National Key Laboratory of Data Space Technology and System, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7908-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanzhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China and School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"AutoCAD & WebAssembly: Moving a 30 Year Code Base to the Web. 2018. 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