{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:59:16Z","timestamp":1776931156270,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":56,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014037","name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3716553.3750751","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:16Z","timestamp":1760188396000},"page":"218-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Converting Spatial to Social: Using Persistent Homology to Understand Social Groups"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4168-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"K. Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1338-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"A. Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Andrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xavier Alameda-Pineda Jacopo Staiano Ramanathan Subramanian Ligia Batrinca Elisa Ricci Bruno Lepri Oswald Lanz and Nicu Sebe. 2015. SALSA: A Novel Dataset for Multimodal Group Behavior Analysis. 10.48550\/arXiv.1506.06882arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1506.06882 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1506.06882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 AAAI Fall Symposium: Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration","author":"Bohus Dan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dan Bohus, Sean Andrist, and Eric Horvitz. 2017. A study in scene shaping: Adjusting F-formations in the wild. In Proceedings of the 2017 AAAI Fall Symposium: Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1064092.1064133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009099950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Computational topology: an introduction","author":"Edelsbrunner Herbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herbert Edelsbrunner and John\u00a0L Harer. 2022. Computational topology: an introduction. American Mathematical Society. 180\u2013182 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Herbert Edelsbrunner and Dmitriy Morozov. 2017. Persistent Homology | 24 | v3 | Handbook of Discrete and Computational. https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.1201\/9781315119601-24\/persistent-homology-herbert-edelsbrunner-dmitriy-morozov"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herbert Edelsbrunner and Ernst\u00a0P. M\u00fccke. 1994. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics 13 1 (Jan. 1994) 43\u201372. 10.1145\/174462.156635","DOI":"10.1145\/174462.156635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"William Fedus Mike Gartner Alex Georges David\u00a0A Meyer and David Rideout. 2015. Persistent Homology for Mobile Phone Data Analysis. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony Francis Claudia P\u00e9rez-d\u2019Arpino Chengshu Li Fei Xia Alexandre Alahi Rachid Alami Aniket Bera Abhijat Biswas Joydeep Biswas Rohan Chandra et\u00a0al. 2025. Principles and guidelines for evaluating social robot navigation algorithms. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 14 2 (2025) 1\u201365.","DOI":"10.1145\/3700599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarah Gillet Marynel V\u00e1zquez Sean Andrist Iolanda Leite and Sarah Sebo. 2024. Interaction-shaping robotics: Robots that influence interactions between other agents. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 13 1 (2024) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3643803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Traffic and granular flow\u201913","author":"Gorrini Andrea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrea Gorrini, Stefania Bandini, and Giuseppe Vizzari. 2014. Empirical investigation on pedestrian crowd dynamics and grouping. In Traffic and granular flow\u201913. Springer, 83\u201391."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Adrien Gregorj Zeynep Y\u00fccel Francesco Zanlugo and Takayuki Kanda. 2024. Ecological Data Reveal Imbalances in Collision Avoidance Due to Groups\u2019 Social Interaction. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.06084 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milad Haghani and Maziar Yazdani. 2025. How behavioural changes in social groups affect evacuation efficiency of crowds. Safety Science 181 (2025) 106679.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2024.106679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0T Hall. 1963. A system for the notation of proxemic behavior. American anthropologist 65 5 (1963) 1003\u20131026.","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1963.65.5.02a00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"USA, library of congress","author":"Hall Edward\u00a0T","year":"1966","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0T Hall. 1966. The Hidden Dimension (Anchor Books a Doubleday Anchor Book) by. In USA, library of congress."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0T. Hall Ray\u00a0L. Birdwhistell Bernhard Bock Paul Bohannan A.\u00a0Richard Diebold Marshall Durbin Munro\u00a0S. Edmonson J.\u00a0L. Fischer Dell Hymes Solon\u00a0T. Kimball Weston La\u00a0Barre J.\u00a0E. McClellan Donald\u00a0S. Marshall G.\u00a0B. Milner Harvey\u00a0B. Sarles George\u00a0L Trager and Andrew\u00a0P. Vayda. 1968. Proxemics [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropology 9 2\/3 (April 1968) 83\u2013108. 10.1086\/200975Publisher: The University of Chicago Press.","DOI":"10.1086\/200975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070481.2070525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678957.3688388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amir-Homayoun Javadi Beatrix Emo Lorelei\u00a0R. Howard Fiona\u00a0E. Zisch Yichao Yu Rebecca Knight Joao Pinelo\u00a0Silva and Hugo\u00a0J. Spiers. 2017. Hippocampal and prefrontal processing of network topology to simulate the future. Nature Communications 8 1 (March 2017) 14652. 10.1038\/ncomms14652Publisher: Nature Publishing Group.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters","author":"Kendon Adam","year":"1990","unstructured":"Adam Kendon. 1990. Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US. Pages: xi, 292."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108182874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9340813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48506.2021.9561862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44199-228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christoforos Mavrogiannis. 2024. Towards smooth mobile robot deployments in dynamic human environments. AI Magazine 45 3 (2024) 419\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1002\/aaai.12192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christoforos Mavrogiannis Francesca Baldini Allan Wang Dapeng Zhao Pete Trautman Aaron Steinfeld and Jean Oh. 2023. Core Challenges of Social Robot Navigation: A Survey. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 12 3 (April 2023) 36:1\u201336:39. 10.1145\/3583741","DOI":"10.1145\/3583741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Dmitriy Morozov. [n. d.]. An Practical Guide to Persistent Homology. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/www.mrzv.org\/software\/dionysus\/_downloads\/560102bd0b0a77e5b34cfa4d65781ce7\/dionysus-slides.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdi Moussa\u00efd Niriaska Perozo Simon Garnier Dirk Helbing and Guy Theraulaz. 2010. The walking behaviour of pedestrian social groups and its impact on crowd dynamics. PloS one 5 4 (2010) e10047.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Z. Patai and H.\u00a0J. Spiers. 2017. Human Navigation: Occipital Place Area Detects Potential Paths in a Scene. Current Biology 27 12 (June 2017) R599\u2013R600. 10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sai\u00a0Krishna Pathi Andrey Kiselev and Amy Loutfi. 2022. Detecting groups and estimating f-formations for social human\u2013robot interactions. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6 3 (2022) 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/mti6030018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3267851.3267900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACIIW.2019.8925065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chirag Raman Jose Vargas-Quiros Stephanie Tan Ashraful Islam Ekin Gedik and Hayley Hung. 2022. ConfLab: A Data Collection Concept Dataset and Benchmark for Machine Analysis of Free-Standing Social Interactions in the Wild. 10.48550\/arXiv.2205.05177arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2205.05177 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2205.05177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigo\u00a0Henrique Ramos Yago\u00a0Augusto Bardelotte Cynthia de Oliveira Lage\u00a0Ferreira and Adenilso Simao. 2025. Identifying key genes in cancer networks using persistent homology. Scientific Reports 15 1 (2025) 2751.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87265-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9\u00a0Alberto Rodrigues. 2025. A Topological Approach to Protein-Protein Interaction Networks: Persistent Homology and Algebraic Connectivity. (2025).","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202502.0806.v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACIIW.2019.8925179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738732"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Francesco Setti Chris Russell Chiara Bassetti and Marco Cristani. 2015. F-Formation Detection: Individuating Free-Standing Conversational Groups in Images. PLOS ONE 10 5 (May 2015) e0123783. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0123783Publisher: Public Library of Science.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan\u00a0Hee Song Valts Blukis Jonathan Tremblay Stephen Tyree Yu Su and Stan Birchfield. 2024. RoboSpatial: Teaching Spatial Understanding to 2D and 3D Vision-Language Models for Robotics. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.16537 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.01470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3536221.3556611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3536221.3556583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angelique Taylor Darren\u00a0M. Chan and Laurel\u00a0D. Riek. 2020. Robot-Centric Perception of Human Groups. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 9 3 (May 2020) 15:1\u201315:21. 10.1145\/3375798","DOI":"10.1145\/3375798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462244.3479963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Jose Vargas-Quiros Laura Cabrera-Quiros and Hayley Hung. 2022. No-audio speaking status detection in crowded settings via visual pose-based filtering and wearable acceleration. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2211.00549 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Shmuel Weinberger. 2011. What is... persistent homology. Notices of the AMS 58 1 (2011) 36\u201339. https:\/\/community.ams.org\/journals\/notices\/201101\/rtx110100036p.pdf?adat=January%202011&trk=201101rtx110100036p&cat=whatis&galt=whatis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francesco Zanlungo Dra\u017een Br\u0161\u010di\u0107 and Takayuki Kanda. 2015. Spatial-size scaling of pedestrian groups under growing density conditions. Physical Review E 91 6 (2015) 062810.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.91.062810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70022-947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.123"}],"event":{"name":"ICMI '25: International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","location":"Canberra Australia","acronym":"ICMI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3716553.3750751","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3716553.3750751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T22:27:24Z","timestamp":1769466444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3716553.3750751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3716553.3750751","10.1145\/3716553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3716553.3750751","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}