{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:24:03Z","timestamp":1769505843212,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":48,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["389792660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["389792660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3716553.3750784","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:16Z","timestamp":1760188396000},"page":"456-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seeing, Hearing, Feeling: Designing Multimodal Alerts for Critical Drone Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7184-7632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Knieriemen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University &amp; DFKI, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8377-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University &amp; DFKI, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7450-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Moiz Sakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University &amp; DFKI, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5202-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Daiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1994-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5484-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"H\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Wiehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University &amp; DFKI, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI &amp; Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keith\u00a0C. Barton. 2015. Elicitation Techniques: Getting People to Talk About Ideas They Don\u2019t Usually Talk About. Theory & Research in Social Education 43 2 (2015) 179\u2013205. 10.1080\/00933104.2015.1034392","DOI":"10.1080\/00933104.2015.1034392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Aircraft Alerting Systems Standardization Study. Volume II. Aircraft Alerting System Design Guidelines","author":"Berson B.\u00a0L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"B.\u00a0L. Berson, D.\u00a0A. Po-Chedley, G.\u00a0P. Boucek, D.\u00a0C. Hanson, and M.\u00a0F. Leffler. 1981. Aircraft Alerting Systems Standardization Study. Volume II. Aircraft Alerting System Design Guidelines. Technical Report FAA\/RD-81\/38. Boeing Commercial Airplane Co., Seattle, WA. 188 pages. https:\/\/ntrl.ntis.gov\/NTRL\/dashboard\/searchResults\/titleDetail\/ADA106732.xhtml"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3421239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3229434.3229464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2019.8673011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134829.3134840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuan-Ting Chen Huei-Yen\u00a0Winnie Chen and Ann Bisantz. 2023. Adding Visual Contextual Information to Continuous Sonification Feedback about Low-Reliability Situations in Conditionally Automated Driving: A Driving Simulator Study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 94 (2023) 25\u201341. 10.1016\/j.trf.2023.01.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2023.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob Cohen. 1960. A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20 1 (1960) 37\u201346. 10.1177\/001316446002000104","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Haptics - Test Haptic Feedback","author":"Foot Adam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam Foot. 2019. Haptics - Test Haptic Feedback. Durham, United Kingdom. https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/de\/app\/haptics-test-haptic-feedback\/id1474606532 Mobile application."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christian Gonzalez Bridget\u00a0A. Lewis Daniel\u00a0M. Roberts Stephanie\u00a0M. Pratt and Carryl\u00a0L. Baldwin. 2012. Perceived Urgency and Annoyance of Auditory Alerts in a Driving Context. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 56 1 (2012) 1684\u20131687. 10.1177\/1071181312561337","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181312561337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Auditory Display","author":"Guillaume A","year":"2002","unstructured":"A Guillaume, C Drake, M Rivenez, L Pellieux, and V Chastres. 2002. Perception of Urgency and Alarm Design. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Auditory Display. Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute Kyoto, 357\u2013361."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Ashwini Gundappa Emilia Ellsiepen Lukas Schmitz Frederik Wiehr and Vera Demberg. 2024. The Design of Informative Take-Over Requests for Semi-Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems: Combining Spoken Language and Visual Icons in a Drone-Controller Setting. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.08253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26601-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao-Hua Ho and Yu-Jung Tsai. 2022. Open Collaborative Platform for Multi-Drones to Support Search and Rescue Operations. Drones 6 5 (2022). 10.3390\/drones6050132","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6050132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaojian Huang and Brandon\u00a0J. Pitts. 2022. The Effects of Age and Physical Exercise on Multimodal Signal Responses: Implications for Semi-Autonomous Vehicle Takeover Requests. Applied Ergonomics 98 (2022) 103595. 10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaojian Huang Clayton Steele Xinrui Zhang and Brandon\u00a0J. Pitts. 2019. Multimodal Cue Combinations: A Possible Approach to Designing In-Vehicle Takeover Requests for Semi-Autonomous Driving. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63 (2019) 1739\u20131743. 10.1177\/1071181319631053","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181319631053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robin Kellermann Tobias Biehle and Liliann Fischer. 2020. Drones for Parcel and Passenger Transportation: A Literature Review. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 4 (2020). 10.1016\/j.trip.2019.100088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2019.100088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sangjin Ko Harsh Sanghavi Yiqi Zhang and Myounghoon Jeon. 2022. Modeling the Effects of Perceived Intuitiveness and Urgency of Various Auditory Aarnings on Driver Takeover Performance in Automated Vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 90 (2022) 70\u201383. 10.1016\/j.trf.2022.08.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2022.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Richard Landis and Gary\u00a0G. Koch. 1977. The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics: Journal of the International Biometric Society 33 1 (1977) 159\u2013174. 10.2307\/2529310","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okkeun Lee and Hyunmin Kang. 2023. Individual Differences in Signal Perception for Takeover Request in Autonomous Driving. Applied Sciences 13 14 (2023). 10.3390\/app13148162","DOI":"10.3390\/app13148162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shuo Li Phil Blythe Weihong Guo Anil Namdeo Simon Edwards Paul Goodman and Graeme Hill. 2019. Evaluation of the Effects of Age-Friendly Human-Machine Interfaces on the Driver\u2019s Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 67 (2019) 78\u2013100. 10.1016\/j.trf.2019.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Monard\u00a0L. Lilleboe. 1963. Evaluation of Astropower Inc. Auditory Information Display Installed in the VA-3B Airplane. Technical Report ST 31-22R-63."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chengjie Lu Yize Shi Huihui Zhang Man Zhang Tiexin Wang Tao Yue and Shaukat Ali. 2023. Learning Configurations of Operating Environment of Autonomous Vehicles to Maximize their Collisions. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 49 1 (2023) 384\u2013402. 10.1109\/TSE.2022.3150788","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3150788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manik Mahachandra Yassierli and Erdo\u00a0D. Garnaby. 2015. The Effectiveness of In-Vehicle Peppermint Fragrance to Maintain Car Driver\u2019s Alertness. Procedia Manufacturing 4 (2015) 471\u2013477. 10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.11.064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2821575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang-Kun Ou Wan-Xuan Huang and Chen-Wen Fang. 2021. Effects of Different Takeover Request Interfaces on Takeover Behavior and Performance during Conditionally Automated Driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention 162 (2021). 10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Guidelines for Auditory Warning Systems on Civil Aircraft","author":"Patterson Roy\u00a0D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Roy\u00a0D. Patterson. 1982. Guidelines for Auditory Warning Systems on Civil Aircraft. Technical Report. Civil Aviation Authority, London, England. 110 pages. https:\/\/ntrl.ntis.gov\/NTRL\/dashboard\/searchResults\/titleDetail\/PB83248625.xhtml"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bharat Rao Ashwin\u00a0Goutham Gopi and Romana Maione. 2016. The Societal Impact of Commercial Drones. Technology in Society 45 (2016) 83\u201390. 10.1016\/j.techsoc.2016.02.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abderahman Rejeb Alireza Abdollahi Karim Rejeb and Horst Treiblmaier. 2022. Drones in Agriculture: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 198 (2022). 10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Researching Society and Culture. Third Edition","author":"Rivas Carol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carol Rivas. 2012. Coding and Analysing Qualitative Data. In Researching Society and Culture. Third Edition, Clive Seale (Ed.). SAGE Publications, 367\u2013392."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976767.2976794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gideon Singer and Sidney\u00a0WA Dekker. 2000. Pilot Performance During Multiple Failures: An Empirical Study of Different Warning Systems. Transportation Human Factors 2 1 (2000) 63\u201376.","DOI":"10.1207\/STHF0201_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clara Suied Patrick Susini and Stephen McAdams. 2008. Evaluating Warning Sound Urgency with Reaction Times. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 14 3 (2008) 201\u2013212. 10.1037\/1076-898X.14.3.201","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.14.3.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM.2019.8793043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu-Hsuan Tu Stuart Phinn Kasper Johansen Andrew Robson and Dan Wu. 2020. Optimising Drone Flight Planning for Measuring Horticultural Tree Crop Structure. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 160 (2020) 83\u201396. 10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pernilla Ulfvengren Lena M\u00e5rtensson and Gideon Singer. 2001. Auditory and Visual Warnings in Aircraft. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34 16 (2001) 53\u201357. 10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)41501-18th IFAC Symposium on Analysis Design and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (HMS 2001) Kassel Germany 18-20 September 12001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)41501-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","volume-title":"MAXQDA 2024 (24.6.0)","author":"Software VERBI","year":"2023","unstructured":"VERBI Software. 2023. MAXQDA 2024 (24.6.0). VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany. https:\/\/www.maxqda.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2799250.2799268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462244.3479884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sol\u00a0Hee Yoon Young\u00a0Woo Kim and Yong\u00a0Gu Ji. 2019. The Effects of Takeover Request Modalities on Highly Automated Car Control Transitions. Accident Analysis & Prevention 123 (2019) 150\u2013158. 10.1016\/j.aap.2018.11.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanna Yun and Ji\u00a0Hyun Yang. 2020. Multimodal Warning Design for Take-Over Request in Conditionally Automated Driving. European Transport Research Review 12 (2020) 1\u201311. 10.1186\/s12544-020-00427-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-020-00427-5"}],"event":{"name":"ICMI '25: International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","location":"Canberra Australia","acronym":"ICMI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3716553.3750784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T22:25:23Z","timestamp":1769466323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3716553.3750784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3716553.3750784","10.1145\/3716553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3716553.3750784","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}