{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:33:23Z","timestamp":1769506403165,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":29,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Province Association for Higher Education","award":["KT2024450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KT2024450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3716553.3750807","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:16Z","timestamp":1760188396000},"page":"600-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding and Supporting Multimodal AI Chat Interactions of DHH College Students: an Empirical Study"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-1701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4985-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanni","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1524-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7471-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3211-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaolong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shitong","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9996-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengru","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9167-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Technical College of Special Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abhishek Aggarwal Cheuk\u00a0Chi Tam Dezhi Wu Xiaoming Li and Shan Qiao. 2023. Artificial intelligence\u2013based chatbots for promoting health behavioral changes: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research 25 (2023) e40789.","DOI":"10.2196\/40789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373625.3416992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirin\u00a0D Antia Darrell\u00a0L Sabers and Michael\u00a0S Stinson. 2007. Validity and reliability of the classroom participation questionnaire with deaf and hard of hearing students in public schools. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education 12 2 (2007) 158\u2013171.","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enl028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad Ashori. 2020. Speech intelligibility and auditory perception of pre-school children with Hearing Aid cochlear implant and Typical Hearing. Journal of Otology 15 2 (2020) 62\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Universal declaration of human rights","author":"Assembly United Nations.\u00a0General","year":"1949","unstructured":"United Nations.\u00a0General Assembly. 1949. Universal declaration of human rights. Vol.\u00a03381. Department of State, United States of America."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iva\u00a0Nandya Atika Ediyanto Ediyanto and Norimune Kawai. 2018. Improving deaf and hard of hearing students\u2019 achievements using sts approach: A literature review. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education 2 (2018) 3\u201319.","DOI":"10.20961\/ijpte.v2i0.19748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Emily Campbell. 2024. Shape of AI: Exploring how User Experience will evolve with the growth of Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/www.shapeof.ai Licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ana-Bel\u00e9n Dom\u00ednguez and Jesus Alegria. 2010. Reading mechanisms in orally educated deaf adults. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education 15 2 (2010) 136\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enp033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3405755.3406158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthew\u00a0L Hall Wyatte\u00a0C Hall and Naomi\u00a0K Caselli. 2019. Deaf children need language not (just) speech. First Language 39 4 (2019) 367\u2013395.","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723719834102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isabel Kathleen\u00a0Fornell Haugeland Asbj\u00f8rn F\u00f8lstad Cameron Taylor and Cato\u00a0Alexander Bj\u00f8rkli. 2022. Understanding the user experience of customer service chatbots: An experimental study of chatbot interaction design. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 161 (2022) 102788.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosalind Herman Fiona E.\u00a0Kyle and Penny Roy. 2019. Literacy and phonological skills in oral deaf children and hearing children with a history of dyslexia. Reading Research Quarterly 54 4 (2019) 553\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Intelligent. 2023. One-Third of College Students Used ChatGPT for Schoolwork During the 2022-23 Academic Year. https:\/\/www.intelligent.com\/one-third-of-college-students-used-chatgpt-for-schoolwork-during-the-2022-23-academic-year\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boban Joksimoski Eftim Zdravevski Petre Lameski Ivan\u00a0Miguel Pires Francisco\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Melero Tom\u00e1s\u00a0Puebla Martinez Nuno\u00a0M Garcia Martin Mihajlov Ivan Chorbev and Vladimir Trajkovik. 2022. Technological solutions for sign language recognition: a scoping review of research trends challenges and opportunities. IEEE Access 10 (2022) 40979\u201340998.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3161440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOEI56765.2023.10125876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annemarie Le\u00a0Roux and Marga Stander. 2021. Early language intervention in deaf children of hearing parents. (2021).","DOI":"10.5785\/37-1-974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degao Li Shaai Wang Fan Zhang Li Zhu Tao Wang and Xiaolu Wang. 2019. DHH students\u2019 comprehension of irony in self-paced reading. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 24 3 (2019) 270\u2013279.","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enz009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Fernando Antonio\u00a0Flores Limo David Raul\u00a0Hurtado Tiza Maribel\u00a0Mamani Roque Edward\u00a0Espinoza Herrera Jos\u00e9 Patricio\u00a0Mu\u00f1oz Murillo Jorge\u00a0Jinchu\u00f1a Huallpa Victor Andre\u00a0Ariza Flores Alejandro Guadalupe\u00a0Rinc\u00f3n Castillo Percy Fritz\u00a0Puga Pe\u00f1a Christian Paolo\u00a0Martel Carranza et\u00a0al. 2023. Personalized tutoring: ChatGPT as a virtual tutor for personalized learning experiences. Przestrze\u0144 Spo\u0142eczna (Social Space) 23 1 (2023) 293\u2013312."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Renato Ribeiro. 2024. Conversational Generative AI Interface Design: Exploration of a hybrid Graphical User Interface and Conversational User Interface for interaction with ChatGPT."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Jingyu Shi Rahul Jain Hyungjun Doh Ryo Suzuki and Karthik Ramani. 2023. An HCI-Centric Survey and Taxonomy of Human-Generative-AI Interactions. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.07127 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noa Talav\u00e1n. 2019. Using subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing as an innovative pedagogical tool in the language class. International journal of English studies 19 1 (2019) 21\u201340.","DOI":"10.6018\/ijes.338671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jessica Williams Thomastine Sarchet and Dawn Walton. 2022. Reading and writing instruction for academically at-risk deaf and hard of hearing first-year college students. Community College Review 50 1 (2022) 30\u201350.","DOI":"10.1177\/00915521211047672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tianyu Wu Shizhu He Jingping Liu Siqi Sun Kang Liu Qing-Long Han and Yang Tang. 2023. A brief overview of ChatGPT: The history status quo and potential future development. IEEE\/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 10 5 (2023) 1122\u20131136.","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2023.123618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dongbo Zhang Sihui Ke Hannah Anglin-Jaffe and Junhui Yang. 2023. Morphological awareness and DHH students\u2019 reading-related abilities: A meta-analysis of correlations. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 28 4 (2023) 333\u2013349.","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enad024"}],"event":{"name":"ICMI '25: International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","location":"Canberra Australia","acronym":"ICMI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3716553.3750807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T22:28:30Z","timestamp":1769466510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3716553.3750807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3716553.3750807","10.1145\/3716553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3716553.3750807","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}