{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:16:52Z","timestamp":1784675812515,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":52,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3717511.3747075","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:30:52Z","timestamp":1759933852000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Controlled Yet Natural: A Hybrid BDI-LLM Conversational Agent for Child Helpline Training"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Owayyed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0001-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adarsh","family":"Denga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem-Paul","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652988.3696197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammed Al\u00a0Owayyed Myrthe Tielman Arno Hartholt Marcus Specht and Willem-Paul Brinkman. 2025. Agent-based social skills training systems: the ARTES architecture interaction characteristics learning theories and future outlooks. Behaviour & Information Technology 44 9 (2025) 1787\u20131814. 10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2374891 arXiv:10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2374891","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2374891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandra Andraszewicz Benjamin Scheibehenne J\u00f6rg Rieskamp Raoul Grasman Josine Verhagen and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers. 2015. An introduction to Bayesian hypothesis testing for management research. Journal of Management 41 2 (2015) 521\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206314560412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570945.3607303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Simon Arvidsson and Johan Axell. 2023. Prompt engineering guidelines for LLMs in Requirements Engineering. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0K Atkinson Sharon\u00a0J Derry Alexander Renkl and Donald Wortham. 2000. Learning from examples: Instructional principles from the worked examples research. Review of educational research 70 2 (2000) 181\u2013214.","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543070002181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563659.3563672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101. 10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa arXiv:https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emilia Br\u00fcgge Sarah Ricchizzi Malin Arenbeck Marius\u00a0Niklas Keller Lina Schur Walter Stummer Markus Holling Max\u00a0Hao Lu and Dogus Darici. 2024. Large language models improve clinical decision making of medical students through patient simulation and structured feedback: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education 24 1 (2024) 1391.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06399-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yupeng Chang Xu Wang Jindong Wang Yuan Wu Linyi Yang Kaijie Zhu Hao Chen Xiaoyuan Yi Cunxiang Wang Yidong Wang et\u00a0al. 2024. A survey on evaluation of large language models. ACM transactions on intelligent systems and technology 15 3 (2024) 1\u201345.","DOI":"10.1145\/3641289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Bayesian statistics for experimental scientists: a general introduction using distribution-free methods","author":"Chechile Richard\u00a0A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0A Chechile. 2020. Bayesian statistics for experimental scientists: a general introduction using distribution-free methods. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David\u00a0A Cook Joshua Overgaard V\u00a0Shane Pankratz Guilherme Del\u00a0Fiol and Chris\u00a0A Aakre. 2025. Virtual Patients Using Large Language Models: Scalable Contextualized Simulation of Clinician-Patient Dialogue With Feedback. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (2025) e68486.","DOI":"10.2196\/68486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Jaarrekening 2023 Stichting de Kindertelefoon","author":"Kindertelefoon De","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Kindertelefoon. 2023. Jaarrekening 2023 Stichting de Kindertelefoon. https:\/\/jaarverslag.kindertelefoon.nl\/resources\/jaarverslagen\/Jaarrekening%202023%20Stichting%20de%20Kindertelefoon.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Adarsh Denga. 2025. Combining LLMs with BDI Systems for Training Children\u2019s Helpline Counsellors. (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siska Fitrianie Merijn Bruijnes Amal Abdulrahman and Willem-Paul Brinkman. 2025. The Artificial Social Agent Questionnaire (ASAQ)-Development and evaluation of a validated instrument for capturing human interaction experiences with artificial social agents. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2025) 103482.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514197.3549612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Samuel\u00a0Kernan Freire Chaofan Wang and Evangelos Niforatos. 2024. Conversational Assistants in Knowledge-Intensive Contexts: An Evaluation of LLM-versus Intent-based Systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.04955 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurent Frering Gerald Steinbauer-Wagner and Andreas Holzinger. 2025. Integrating Belief-Desire-Intention agents with large language models for reliable human\u2013robot interaction and explainable Artificial Intelligence. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 141 (2025) 109771.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharon Grundmann Mohammed Al\u00a0Owayyed Merijn Bruijnes Ellen Vroonhof and Willem-Paul Brinkman. 2025. Lilobot: A Cognitive Conversational Agent to Train Counsellors at Children\u2019s Helplines: Design and Initial Evaluation. Journal of Medical Systems 49 1 (2025) 5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02121-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timothy\u00a0C Guetterman Rae Sakakibara Srikar Baireddy Frederick\u00a0W Kron Mark\u00a0W Scerbo James\u00a0F Cleary and Michael\u00a0D Fetters. 2019. Medical students\u2019 experiences and outcomes using a virtual human simulation to improve communication skills: mixed methods study. Journal of medical Internet research 21 11 (2019) e15459.","DOI":"10.2196\/15459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6nder G\u00fcrcan. 2024. Llm-augmented agent-based modelling for social simulations: Challenges and opportunities. HHAI 2024: Hybrid Human AI Systems for the Social Good (2024) 134\u2013144.","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA240190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael\u00a0V Heinz Daniel\u00a0M Mackin Brianna\u00a0M Trudeau Sukanya Bhattacharya Yinzhou Wang Haley\u00a0A Banta Abi\u00a0D Jewett Abigail\u00a0J Salzhauer Tess\u00a0Z Griffin and Nicholas\u00a0C Jacobson. 2025. Randomized trial of a generative ai chatbot for mental health treatment. NEJM AI 2 4 (2025) AIoa2400802.","DOI":"10.1056\/AIoa2400802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friederike Holderried Christian Stegemann-Philipps Lea Herschbach Julia-Astrid Moldt Andrew Nevins Jan Griewatz Martin Holderried Anne Herrmann-Werner Teresa Festl-Wietek Moritz Mahling et\u00a0al. 2024. A generative pretrained transformer (GPT)\u2013powered chatbot as a simulated patient to practice history taking: prospective mixed methods study. JMIR medical education 10 1 (2024) e53961.","DOI":"10.2196\/53961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen Jiang Yangxinyu Xie Zhuoqun Hao Xiaomeng Wang Tanwi Mallick Weijie\u00a0J Su Camillo\u00a0J Taylor and Dan Roth. 2024. A peek into token bias: Large language models are not yet genuine reasoners. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.11050 (2024).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sean\u00a0HK Kang. 2016. Spaced repetition promotes efficient and effective learning: Policy implications for instruction. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 1 (2016) 12\u201319.","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732215624708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3635059.3635104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"De Kindertelefoon. 2023. De Kindertelefoon - Always Someone To Talk To. (2023). https:\/\/www.kindertelefoon.nl\/resources\/pdf-bestanden\/cl-en-2023.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John\u00a0K Kruschke. 2018. Rejecting or accepting parameter values in Bayesian estimation. Advances in methods and practices in psychological science 1 2 (2018) 270\u2013280.","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245918771304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tin Lai Yukun Shi Zicong Du Jiajie Wu Ken Fu Yichao Dou and Ziqi Wang. 2023. Supporting the demand on mental health services with AI-based conversational large language models (LLMs). BioMedInformatics 4 1 (2023) 8\u201333.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics4010002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00a0Richard Landis and Gary\u00a0G Koch. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. biometrics (1977) 159\u2013174.","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et\u00a0al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 9459\u20139474."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652583.3658104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jose Llanes-Jurado Luc\u00eda G\u00f3mez-Zaragoz\u00e1 Maria\u00a0Eleonora Minissi Mariano Alca\u00f1iz and Javier Mar\u00edn-Morales. 2024. Developing conversational virtual humans for social emotion elicitation based on large language models. Expert Systems with Applications 246 (2024) 123261.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Do\u00a0Xuan Long Hai\u00a0Nguyen Ngoc Tiviatis Sim Hieu Dao Shafiq Joty Kenji Kawaguchi Nancy\u00a0F Chen and Min-Yen Kan. 2024. Llms are biased towards output formats! systematically evaluating and mitigating output format bias of llms. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.08656 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinmaya Mishra Rinus Verdonschot Peter Hagoort and Gabriel Skantze. 2023. Real-time emotion generation in human-robot dialogue using large language models. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 10 (2023) 1271610.","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2023.1271610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith Muller. 1989. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.","DOI":"10.2307\/1270020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0012596800003636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC.2017.8288910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Evelyn-Rose Saus Bj\u00d8rn\u00a0Helge Johnsen Jarle EidEvelyn-Rose Saus and Jarle Eid. 2010. Perceived learning outcome: The relationship between experience realism and situation awareness during simulator training. International maritime health 62 4 (2010) 258\u2013264."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riley Scherr Faris\u00a0F Halaseh Aidin Spina Saman Andalib and Ronald Rivera. 2023. ChatGPT interactive medical simulations for early clinical education: case study. JMIR Medical Education 9 (2023) e49877.","DOI":"10.2196\/49877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.sigdial-1.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Bangzhao Shu Lechen Zhang Minje Choi Lavinia Dunagan Lajanugen Logeswaran Moontae Lee Dallas Card and David Jurgens. 2023. You don\u2019t need a personality test to know these models are unreliable: Assessing the Reliability of Large Language Models on Psychometric Instruments. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.09718 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","volume-title":"Chat Counselling for Children and Youth - A Handbook","author":"Sindahl Trine\u00a0Natasja","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trine\u00a0Natasja Sindahl. 2011. Chat Counselling for Children and Youth - A Handbook."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652988.3673932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"Udemy. 2024. Prompt Engineering for AI: Learn the Art of Prompting. https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/prompt-engineering-for-ai\/. Accessed: 2025-04-04."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacqueline Vaughn Shannon\u00a0H Ford Melissa Scott Carolyn Jones and Allison Lewinski. 2024. Enhancing healthcare education: Leveraging ChatGPT for innovative simulation scenarios. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 87 (2024) 101487.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2023.101487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44751-8_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiyi Wang Stephanie Milani Jamie\u00a0C Chiu Jiayin Zhi Shaun\u00a0M Eack Travis Labrum Samuel\u00a0M Murphy Nev Jones Kate Hardy Hong Shen et\u00a0al. 2024. Patient-\u03a8 : Using large language models to simulate patients for training mental health professionals. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2405.19660 (2024).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514197.3549621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3691573.3691600"}],"event":{"name":"IVA '25: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","location":"Berlin Germany","acronym":"IVA '25","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3717511.3747075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:44:14Z","timestamp":1767980654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3717511.3747075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3717511.3747075","10.1145\/3717511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3717511.3747075","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}