{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T22:36:50Z","timestamp":1766443010115,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["492020528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["492020528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","award":["16KIS2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3719027.3765076","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T23:42:02Z","timestamp":1763854922000},"page":"3579-3590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adversarial Observations in Weather Forecasting"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2854-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Imgrund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BIFOLD &amp; TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4706-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Eisenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIFOLD &amp; TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Rieck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIFOLD &amp; TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Turner","author":"Allen Anna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anna Allen, Stratis Markou, Will Tebbutt, James Requeima, Wessel P. Bruinsma, Tom R. Andersson, Michael Herzog, Nicholas D. Lane, Matthew Chantry, J. Scott Hosking, and Richard E. Turner. 2025. End-to-End Data-Driven Weather Prediction. Nature (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"The Quiet Revolution of Numerical Weather Prediction. Nature","author":"Bauer Peter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peter Bauer, Alan Thorpe, and Gilbert Brunet. 2015. The Quiet Revolution of Numerical Weather Prediction. Nature (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Niels Bormann. 2015. Observation Errors. hrefhttps:\/\/events.ecmwf.int\/event\/375\/contributions\/4262\/attachments\/2313\/4042\/Bormann_TC_2024_ObsErrors.pdfLecture Slides."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Bosma and Negar Nazari","author":"Sebastian B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebastian B. M. Bosma and Negar Nazari. 2022. Estimating Solar and Wind Power Production Using Computer Vision Deep Learning Techniques on Weather Maps. Energy Technology (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Proc. of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Brendel Wieland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wieland Brendel, Jonas Rauber, and Matthias Bethge. 2018. Decision-Based Adversarial Attacks: Reliable Attacks Against Black-Box Machine Learning Models. In Proc. of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P).","author":"Carlini Nicholas","key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Nicholas Carlini and David A. Wagner. 2017. Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networks. In Proc. of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3307772.3328314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-3800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition Using the Thermal Infrared IASI\/MetOp Sounder. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","author":"Clerbaux Cathy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cathy Clerbaux, Anne Boynard, Lieven Clarisse, Maya George, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro H. Herbin, Daniel Hurtmans, Matthieu Pommier, Ariane Razavi, Sol\u00e8ne Turquety, Catherine Wespes, and Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Coheur. 2009. Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition Using the Thermal Infrared IASI\/MetOp Sounder. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).","author":"Croce Francesco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Francesco Croce and Matthias Hein. 2020. Reliable Evaluation of Adversarial Robustness With an Ensemble of Diverse Parameter-Free Attacks. In Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)."},{"volume-title":"IFS Documentation CY49R1","author":"Medium-Range Weather European Centre","key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). 2024a. IFS Documentation CY49R1. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts."},{"volume-title":"IFS Documentation CY49R1 - Part I: Observations","author":"Medium-Range Weather European Centre","key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). 2024b. IFS Documentation CY49R1 - Part I: Observations. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts."},{"volume-title":"IFS Documentation CY49R1 - Part V: Ensemble Prediction System","author":"Medium-Range Weather European Centre","key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). 2024c. IFS Documentation CY49R1 - Part V: Ensemble Prediction System. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). 2025a. ERA5: Data Documentation - Observations."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). 2025b. Section 2.4 Atmospheric Model Data Sources."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Assimilation of Satellite Data in Numerical Weather Prediction. Part II: Recent Years. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","author":"Eyre John","year":"2022","unstructured":"John Eyre, William Bell, James Cotton, Stephen English, Mary Forsythe, Sean Healy, and Edward Pavelin. 2022. Assimilation of Satellite Data in Numerical Weather Prediction. Part II: Recent Years. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Integration of Emerging Data-Driven Models into the NOAA Research-to-Operations Pipeline for Numerical Weather Prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","author":"Frolov Sergey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sergey Frolov, Kevin Garrett, Isidora Jankov, Daryl Kleist, Jebb Q. Stewart, and John Ten Hoeve. 2024. Integration of Emerging Data-Driven Models into the NOAA Research-to-Operations Pipeline for Numerical Weather Prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Wind Power Forecasts. Machine Learning","author":"Heinrich Ren\u00e9","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ren\u00e9 Heinrich, Christoph Scholz, Stephan Vogt, and Malte Lehna. 2024. Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Wind Power Forecasts. Machine Learning (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Julien Nicolas, Carole Peubey, Raluca Radu, Dinand Schepers, et al.","author":"Hersbach Hans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hans Hersbach, Bill Bell, Paul Berrisford, Shoji Hirahara, Andr\u00e1s Hor\u00e1nyi, Joaqu\u00edn Mu noz-Sabater, Julien Nicolas, Carole Peubey, Raluca Radu, Dinand Schepers, et al., 2020. The ERA5 Global Reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Theoretically Principled Trade-off for Stateful Defenses against Query-Based Black-Box Attacks. Computing Research Repository","author":"Hooda Ashish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashish Hooda, Neal Mangaokar, Ryan Feng, Kassem Fawaz, Somesh Jha, and Atul Prakash. 2023. Theoretically Principled Trade-off for Stateful Defenses against Query-Based Black-Box Attacks. Computing Research Repository (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).","author":"Huang Langwen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Langwen Huang, Lukas Gianinazzi, Yuejiang Yu, Peter D. D\u00fcben, and Torsten Hoefler. 2024. DiffDA: A Diffusion Model for Weather-Scale Data Assimilation. In Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"Thomas Sean Kelso. 2025. CelesTrak NORAD General Perturbations Element Sets. hrefhttps:\/\/celestrak.org\/NORAD\/elements\/Online Data Collection."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Influence of Super Cyclone ''Amphan'' in the Indian Subcontinent amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","author":"Kumar Shubham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shubham Kumar, Preet Lal, and Amit Kumar. 2021. Influence of Super Cyclone ''Amphan'' in the Indian Subcontinent amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Kurakin Alexey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexey Kurakin, Ian J. Goodfellow, and Samy Bengio. 2017. Adversarial Examples in the Physical World. In Proc. of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Learning Skillful Medium-Range Global Weather Forecasting. Science","author":"Lam Remi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Remi Lam, Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez, Matthew Willson, Peter Wirnsberger, Meire Fortunato, Ferran Alet, Suman Ravuri, Timo Ewalds, Zach Eaton-Rosen, Weihua Hu, Alexander Merose, Stephan Hoyer, George Holland, Oriol Vinyals, Jacklynn Stott, Alexander Pritzel, Shakir Mohamed, and Peter Battaglia. 2023. Learning Skillful Medium-Range Global Weather Forecasting. Science (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","unstructured":"Simon Lang Mihai Alexe Matthew Chantry Jesper Dramsch Florian Pinault Baudouin Raoult Mariana Clare Christian Lessig Michael Maier-Gerber Linus Magnusson et al. 2024. AIFS\u2013ECMWF's Data-Driven Forecasting System. Computing Research Repository (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Variational Algorithms for Analysis and Assimilation of Meteorological Observations: Theoretical Aspects. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography","author":"Le Dimet Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Le Dimet and Olivier Talagrand. 1986. Variational Algorithms for Analysis and Assimilation of Meteorological Observations: Theoretical Aspects. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography (1986)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).","author":"Liang Chumeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chumeng Liang, Xiaoyu Wu, Yang Hua, Jiaru Zhang, Yiming Xue, Tao Song, Zhengui Xue, Ruhui Ma, and Haibing Guan. 2023. Adversarial Example Does Good: Preventing Painting Imitation from Diffusion Models via Adversarial Examples. In Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Madry Aleksander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aleksander Madry, Aleksandar Makelov, Ludwig Schmidt, Dimitris Tsipras, and Adrian Vladu. 2018. Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attacks. In Proc. of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Alfredo Branco, E. an Njagi Moses Mwaniki Kochulem, Daniel Githira, Pierpaolo Tommasi, Allesandra Carioli, Daniele Ehrlich, Thomas. Kemper, and Lewis Dijkstra.","author":"Rivero Ines Mar\u00ed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ines Mar\u00ed Rivero, Michele Melchiorri, Pietro Florio, Marcello Schiavina, Katarzyna Krasnod\u0119bska, Panagiotis Politis, Johannes Uhl, Martino Pesaresi, Luca Maffenini, Patrizia Sulis, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Enrico Pisoni, Claudio Belis, Jacome Felix Oom Duarte, Alfredo Branco, E. an Njagi Moses Mwaniki Kochulem, Daniel Githira, Pierpaolo Tommasi, Allesandra Carioli, Daniele Ehrlich, Thomas. Kemper, and Lewis Dijkstra. 2024. GHS Urban Centre Database, Multitemporal and Multidimensional Attributes, R2024A. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","unstructured":"NIST. 2012. Engineering Statistics Handbook."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"The Monetary Benefit of Early Flood Warnings in Europe. Environmental Science & Policy","author":"Pappenberger Florian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Florian Pappenberger, Hannah L Cloke, Dennis J Parker, Fredrik Wetterhall, David S Richardson, and Jutta Thielen. 2015. The Monetary Benefit of Early Flood Warnings in Europe. Environmental Science & Policy (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","unstructured":"Piston Miner. 2024. Hacking Yourself a Satellite - Recovering BEESAT-1. hrefhttps:\/\/media.ccc.de\/v\/38c3-hacking-yourself-a-satellite-recovering-beesat-1Hacking Conference Talk."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Probabilistic Weather Forecasting with Machine Learning. Nature","author":"Price Ilan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ilan Price, Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez, Ferran Alet, Tom R. Andersson, Andrew El-Kadi, Dominic Masters, Timo Ewalds, Jacklynn Stott, Shakir Mohamed, Peter W. Battaglia, R\u00e9mi R. Lam, and Matthew Willson. 2025. Probabilistic Weather Forecasting with Machine Learning. Nature (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Peter Dueben, Carla Bromberg, Jared Sisk, Luke Barrington, Aaron Bell, and Fei Sha.","author":"Rasp Stephan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stephan Rasp, Stephan Hoyer, Alexander Merose, Ian Langmore, Peter Battaglia, Tyler Russel, Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez, Vivian Yang, Rob Carver, Shreya Agrawal, Matthew Chantry, Zied Ben Bouallegue, Peter Dueben, Carla Bromberg, Jared Sisk, Luke Barrington, Aaron Bell, and Fei Sha. 2023. WeatherBench 2: A Benchmark for the Next Generation of Data-Driven Global Weather Models. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Rebetez O. Dupont and M. Giroud. 2009. An Analysis of the July 2006 Heatwave Extent in Europe Compared to the Record Year of 2003. Theoretical and Applied Climatology (2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-007-0370-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Bruno Bogaz Zarpel\u00e3o, and Sylvio Barbon Junior.","author":"Santana Everton Jose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Everton Jose Santana, Ricardo Petri Silva, Bruno Bogaz Zarpel\u00e3o, and Sylvio Barbon Junior. 2021. Detecting and Mitigating Adversarial Examples in Regression Tasks: A Photovoltaic Power Generation Forecasting Case Study. Information (2021)."},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the USENIX Security Symposium.","author":"Shan Shawn","key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","unstructured":"Shawn Shan, Jenna Cryan, Emily Wenger, Haitao Zheng, Rana Hanocka, and Ben Y. Zhao. 2023. Glaze: Protecting Artists from Style Mimicry by Text-to-Image Models. In Proc. of the USENIX Security Symposium."},{"volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).","author":"Tang Ningkai","key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","unstructured":"Ningkai Tang, Shiwen Mao, and R. Mark Nelms. 2021. Adversarial Attacks to Solar Power Forecast. In Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Tempest Extremes v2.1: A Community Framework for Feature Detection, Tracking, and Analysis in Large Datasets. Geoscientific Model Development","author":"Ullrich Paul A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul A Ullrich, Colin M Zarzycki, Elizabeth E McClenny, Marielle C Pinheiro, Alyssa M Stansfield, and Kevin A Reed. 2021. Tempest Extremes v2.1: A Community Framework for Feature Detection, Tracking, and Analysis in Large Datasets. Geoscientific Model Development (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Office of Systems Development. 1994. Technique Specification Package 88-21-R2. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Economic Perspectives","author":"Vigdor Jacob","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacob Vigdor. 2008. The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Economic Perspectives (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10351029"}],"event":{"name":"CCS '25: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"],"location":"Taipei Taiwan","acronym":"CCS '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3719027.3765076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T22:32:10Z","timestamp":1766442730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3719027.3765076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3719027.3765076","10.1145\/3719027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3719027.3765076","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}