{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:00:18Z","timestamp":1793102418178,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2686\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2686\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3719027.3765192","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T23:42:02Z","timestamp":1763854922000},"page":"380-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trout: Two-Round Threshold ECDSA from Class Groups"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0122-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hila","family":"Dahari-Garbian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4852-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Nof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0432-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serai DEX, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Two-Round 2PC ECDSA at the Cost of 1 OLE. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"Adjedj Michael","year":"1950","unstructured":"Michael Adjedj, Constantin Blokh, Geoffroy Couteau, Antoine Joux, and Nikolaos Makriyannis. 2024. Two-Round 2PC ECDSA at the Cost of 1 OLE. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2024\/1950 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Using Level-1 Homomorphic Encryption to Improve Threshold DSA Signatures for Bitcoin Wallet Security","author":"Boneh Dan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dan Boneh, Rosario Gennaro, and Steven Goldfeder. 2017. Using Level-1 Homomorphic Encryption to Improve Threshold DSA Signatures for Bitcoin Wallet Security. In LATINCRYPT. 352-377.","journal-title":"LATINCRYPT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Exponent-VRFs and Their Applications","author":"Boneh Dan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dan Boneh, Iftach Haitner, Yehuda Lindell, and Gil Segev. 2025. Exponent-VRFs and Their Applications. In Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT. 195-224.","journal-title":"Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"I want to ride my BICYCL: BICYCL Implements CryptographY in CLass groups. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"Bouvier Cyril","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cyril Bouvier, Guilhem Castagnos, Laurent Imbert, and Fabien Laguillaumie. 2022. I want to ride my BICYCL: BICYCL Implements CryptographY in CLass groups. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2022\/1466 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Secure Multiparty Computation from Threshold Encryption Based on Class Groups","author":"Braun Lennart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lennart Braun, Ivan Damg\u00e5rd, and Claudio Orlandi. 2023. Secure Multiparty Computation from Threshold Encryption Based on Class Groups. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO. 613-645.","journal-title":"Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001459910006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"1769","article-title":"UC Non-Interactive, Proactive","author":"Canetti Ran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ran Canetti, Rosario Gennaro, Steven Goldfeder, Nikolaos Makriyannis, and Udi Peled. 2020. UC Non-Interactive, Proactive, Threshold ECDSA with Identifiable Aborts. In ACM CCS. 1769-1787.","journal-title":"Threshold ECDSA with Identifiable Aborts. In ACM CCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Two-Party ECDSA from Hash Proof Systems and Efficient Instantiations","author":"Castagnos Guilhem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guilhem Castagnos, Dario Catalano, Fabien Laguillaumie, Federico Savasta, and Ida Tucker. 2019. Two-Party ECDSA from Hash Proof Systems and Efficient Instantiations. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO. 191-221.","journal-title":"Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guilhem Castagnos Dario Catalano Fabien Laguillaumie Federico Savasta and Ida Tucker. 2023. Bandwidth-efficient threshold EC-DSA revisited: Online\/offline extensions identifiable aborts proactive and adaptive security. Theor. Comput. Sci. (2023) 78-104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2022.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Linearly Homomorphic Encryption from DDH","author":"Castagnos Guilhem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guilhem Castagnos and Fabien Laguillaumie. 2015. Linearly Homomorphic Encryption from DDH. In Topics in Cryptology - CT-RSA. 487-505.","journal-title":"Topics in Cryptology - CT-RSA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"733","article-title":"Practical Fully Secure Unrestricted Inner Product Functional Encryption Modulo p","author":"Castagnos Guilhem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guilhem Castagnos, Fabien Laguillaumie, and Ida Tucker. 2018. Practical Fully Secure Unrestricted Inner Product Functional Encryption Modulo p. In ASIACRYPT. 733-764.","journal-title":"ASIACRYPT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Coinbase. 2025. www.coinbase.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Tsz Hon Yuen, Xin Kang, and Cheng-Kang Chu.","author":"Cui Handong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Handong Cui, Kwan Yin Chan, Tsz Hon Yuen, Xin Kang, and Cheng-Kang Chu. 2024. Bandwidth-Efficient Zero-Knowledge Proofs For Threshold ECDSA. Comput. J. (2024), 1265-1278."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"A Statistically-Hiding Integer Commitment Scheme Based on Groups with Hidden Order","author":"Damg\u00e5rd Ivan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ivan Damg\u00e5rd and Eiichiro Fujisaki. 2002. A Statistically-Hiding Integer Commitment Scheme Based on Groups with Hidden Order. In ASIACRYPT. 125-142.","journal-title":"ASIACRYPT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Quantum binary quadratic form reduction. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"David Nicolas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicolas David, Thomas Espitau, and Akinori Hosoyamada. 2022. Quantum binary quadratic form reduction. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2022\/466 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Trustless unknown-order groups. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"Dobson Samuel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samuel Dobson, Steven D. Galbraith, and Benjamin Smith. 2020. Trustless unknown-order groups. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2020\/196 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Threshold ECDSA in Three Rounds. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP. 3053-3071","author":"Doerner Jack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jack Doerner, Yashvanth Kondi, Eysa Lee, and Abhi Shelat. 2024. Threshold ECDSA in Three Rounds. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP. 3053-3071."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1987.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47721-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Fireblocks. 2025. www.fireblocks.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marc Fischlin. 2005. Communication-Efficient Non-interactive Proofs of Knowledge with Online Extractors. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO Victor Shoup (Ed.). 152-168.","DOI":"10.1007\/11535218_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"2PC-MPC: Emulating Two Party ECDSA in Large-Scale MPC. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"Friedman Offir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Offir Friedman, Avichai Marmor, Dolev Mutzari, Omer Sadika, Yehonatan C. Scaly, Yuval Spiizer, and Avishay Yanai. 2024. 2PC-MPC: Emulating Two Party ECDSA in Large-Scale MPC. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2024\/253 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Fast Multiparty Threshold ECDSA with Fast Trustless Setup","author":"Gennaro Rosario","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosario Gennaro and Steven Goldfeder. 2018. Fast Multiparty Threshold ECDSA with Fast Trustless Setup. In ACM CCS. 1179-1194.","journal-title":"ACM CCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Threshold-Optimal DSA\/ECDSA Signatures and an Application to Bitcoin Wallet Security. In Applied Cryptography and Network Security","author":"Gennaro Rosario","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosario Gennaro, Steven Goldfeder, and Arvind Narayanan. 2016. Threshold-Optimal DSA\/ECDSA Signatures and an Application to Bitcoin Wallet Security. In Applied Cryptography and Network Security, ACNS. 156-174.","journal-title":"ACNS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The Foundations of Cryptography - Volume 2: Basic Applications","author":"Goldreich Oded","unstructured":"Oded Goldreich. 2004. The Foundations of Cryptography - Volume 2: Basic Applications. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Iftach Haitner Yehuda Lindell Ariel Nof and Samuel Ranellucci. 2018. Fast Secure Multiparty ECDSA with Practical Distributed Key Generation and Applications to Cryptocurrency Custody. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. (2018) 987."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Fast Secure Two-Party ECDSA Signing","author":"Lindell Yehuda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yehuda Lindell. 2017. Fast Secure Two-Party ECDSA Signing. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO. 613-644.","journal-title":"Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","first-page":"1837","article-title":"Fast Secure Multiparty ECDSA with Practical Distributed Key Generation and Applications to Cryptocurrency Custody","author":"Lindell Yehuda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yehuda Lindell and Ariel Nof. 2018. Fast Secure Multiparty ECDSA with Practical Distributed Key Generation and Applications to Cryptocurrency Custody. In ACM CCS. 1837-1854.","journal-title":"ACM CCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Optimized Binary GCD for Modular Inversion. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch","author":"Pornin Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas Pornin. 2020. Optimized Binary GCD for Modular Inversion. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch., paper 2020\/972 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359168.359176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Secure Multiparty Computation of Threshold Signatures Made More Efficient. In Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS.","author":"Wong Harry W. H.","unstructured":"Harry W. H. Wong, Jack P. K. Ma, and Sherman S. M. Chow. 2024. Secure Multiparty Computation of Threshold Signatures Made More Efficient. In Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Real Threshold ECDSA. In Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS.","author":"Wong Harry W. H.","unstructured":"Harry W. H. Wong, Jack P. K. Ma, Hoover H. F. Yin, and Sherman S. M. Chow. 2023. Real Threshold ECDSA. In Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","first-page":"2974","article-title":"Efficient Multiplicative-to-Additive Function from Joye-Libert Cryptosystem and Its Application to Threshold ECDSA","author":"Xue Haiyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haiyang Xue, Man Ho Au, Mengling Liu, Kwan Yin Chan, Handong Cui, Xiang Xie, Tsz Hon Yuen, and Chengru Zhang. 2023. Efficient Multiplicative-to-Additive Function from Joye-Libert Cryptosystem and Its Application to Threshold ECDSA. In ACM CCS. 2974-2988.","journal-title":"ACM CCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"Efficient Online-friendly Two-Party ECDSA Signature","author":"Xue Haiyang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haiyang Xue, Man Ho Au, Xiang Xie, Tsz Hon Yuen, and Handong Cui. 2021. Efficient Online-friendly Two-Party ECDSA Signature. In ACM CCS. 558-573.","journal-title":"ACM CCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Compact Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Threshold ECDSA with Trustless Setup","author":"Yuen Tsz Hon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsz Hon Yuen, Handong Cui, and Xiang Xie. 2021. Compact Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Threshold ECDSA with Trustless Setup. In Public-Key Cryptography - PKC. 481-511.","journal-title":"Public-Key Cryptography - PKC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Zengo. 2025. www.zengo.com"}],"event":{"name":"CCS '25: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Taipei Taiwan","acronym":"CCS '25","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3719027.3765192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T22:31:37Z","timestamp":1766442697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3719027.3765192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3719027.3765192","10.1145\/3719027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3719027.3765192","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}