{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:03:19Z","timestamp":1782313399303,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":108,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019923","name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W912CG232000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W912CG232000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2326134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2326134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018494","name":"Florida High Tech Corridor Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3719160.3736636","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T10:27:39Z","timestamp":1751711259000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mitigating Response Delays in Free-Form Conversations with LLM-powered Intelligent Virtual Agents"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykola","family":"Maslych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6752-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Katebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroVulpis, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8059-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-1152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Hmaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8463-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirpouya","family":"Ghasemaghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6756-7442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Pumarada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0328-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneese","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9412-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Segarra Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7601-2935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Emporio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8995-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren","family":"Snipes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9357-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan P.","family":"McMahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"LaViola Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383652.3423900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T.\u00a0S. Amer and Todd\u00a0L. Johnson. 2016. Information Technology Progress Indicators: Temporal Expectancy User Preference and the Perception of Process Duration. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction (IJTHI) 12 4 (Oct. 2016) 1\u2013\u201314. 10.4018\/IJTHI.2016100101","DOI":"10.4018\/IJTHI.2016100101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jana Appel Astrid von\u00a0der P\u00fctten Nicole\u00a0C. Kr\u00e4mer and Jonathan Gratch. 2012. Does Humanity Matter? Analyzing the Importance of Social Cues and Perceived Agency of a Computer System for the Emergence of Social Reactions during Human-Computer Interaction. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2012 1 (2012) 324694. 10.1155\/2012\/324694","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/324694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jakki\u00a0O. Bailey Jeremy\u00a0N. Bailenson Jelena Obradovi\u0107 and Naomi\u00a0R. Aguiar. 2019. Virtual Reality\u2019s Effect on Children\u2019s Inhibitory Control Social Compliance and Sharing. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 64 (July 2019) 101052. 10.1016\/j.appdev.2019.101052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2019.101052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511659911.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GEM61861.2024.10585452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning SciencesProceedings of ICLS 2006","volume":"1","author":"Baylor Amy\u00a0L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Amy\u00a0L. Baylor and Rinat\u00a0B. Rosenberg-Kima. 2006. Interface agents to alleviate online frustration, In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning Sciences (Bloomington, Indiana). Proceedings of ICLS 2006 1, 30\u201336. https:\/\/repository.isls.org\/\/handle\/1\/3514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2014-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrea\u00a0J. Bingham. 2023. From Data Management to Actionable Findings: A Five-Phase Process of Qualitative Data Analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 22 (Jan. 2023) 1\u201311. 10.1177\/16094069231183620Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069231183620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heather Bortfeld Silvia\u00a0D Leon Jonathan\u00a0E Bloom Michael\u00a0F Schober and Susan\u00a0E Brennan. 2001. Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age Relationship Topic Role and Gender. Language and Speech 44 2 (2001) 123\u2013147. 10.1177\/00238309010440020101PMID: 11575901.","DOI":"10.1177\/00238309010440020101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472307.3484181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russell\u00a0J Branaghan and Christopher\u00a0A Sanchez. 2009. Feedback Preferences and Impressions of Waiting. Human Factors 51 4 (2009) 528\u2013538. 10.1177\/0018720809345684PMID: 19899362.","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809345684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW62533.2024.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7213391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anping Cheng Dongming Ma Hao Qian and Younghwan Pan. 2024. The Effects of Mobile Applications\u2019 Passive and Interactive Loading Screen Types on Waiting Experience. Behaviour & Information Technology 43 8 (2024) 1652\u20131663. 10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2224901","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2224901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIxVR59861.2024.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicholas Christenfeld. 1995. Does It Hurt to Say Um? Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 19 (1995) 171\u2013186. 10.1007\/BF02175503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02175503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511620539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frederick\u00a0G Conrad Mick\u00a0P Couper Roger Tourangeau and Andy Peytchev. 2010. The Impact of Progress Indicators on Task Completion. Interacting with computers 22 5 (2010) 417\u2013427. 10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.03.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarah\u00a0H. Creem-Regehr Jeanine\u00a0K. Stefanucci and Bobby Bodenheimer. 2022. Perceiving Distance in Virtual Reality: Theoretical Insights from Contemporary Technologies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 378 1869 (Dec. 2022) 1\u201312. 10.1098\/rstb.2021.0456","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Celso\u00a0M. de Melo Kangsoo Kim Nahal Norouzi Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch. 2020. Reducing Cognitive Load and Improving Warfighter Problem Solving With Intelligent Virtual Assistants. Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020) 12\u00a0pages. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.554706","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.554706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahul\u00a0R. Divekar* Jaimie Drozdal* Samuel Chabot* Yalun Zhou Hui Su Yue Chen Houming Zhu James\u00a0A. Hendler and Jonas Braasch. 2022. Foreign Language Acquisition via Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality: Design and Evaluation. Computer Assisted Language Learning 35 9 (Dec 2022) 2332\u20132360. 10.1080\/09588221.2021.1879162","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1879162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tiffany\u00a0D. Do Steve Zelenty Mar Gonzalez-Franco and Ryan\u00a0P. McMahan. 2023. VALID: A Perceptually Validated Virtual Avatar Library for Inclusion and Diversity. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 4 (Nov. 2023) 15\u00a0pages. 10.3389\/frvir.2023.1248915","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2023.1248915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Filippo Domaneschi Marcello Passarelli and Carlo Chiorri. 2017. Facial Expressions and Speech Acts: Experimental Evidences on the Role of the Upper Face as an Illocutionary Force Indicating Device in Language Comprehension. Cognitive Processing 18 3 (Aug. 2017) 285\u2013306. 10.1007\/s10339-017-0809-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-017-0809-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472749.3474784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Franz Faul Edgar Erdfelder Axel Buchner and Albert-Georg Lang. 2009. Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses. Behavior Research Methods 41 4 (Nov 2009) 1149\u20131160. 10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1452392.1452452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3409120.3410651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR62088.2024.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"European Conference on Information Systems","author":"Gnewuch Ulrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ulrich Gnewuch, Stefan Morana, Marc Adam, and Alexander Maedche. 2018. Faster is Not Always Better: Understanding the Effect of Dynamic Response Delays in Human-Chatbot Interaction. In European Conference on Information Systems. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Portsmouth, UK, 1\u201317. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2018_rp\/113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"SIGHCI 2018 Proceedings","author":"Gnewuch Ulrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ulrich Gnewuch, Stefan Morana, Marc Adam, and Alexander Maedche. 2018. \u201cThe Chatbot is typing...\u201d \u2013 The Role of Typing Indicators in Human-Chatbot Interaction. In SIGHCI 2018 Proceedings. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), San Francisco, CA, 1\u20135. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/sighci2018\/14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mar Gonzalez-Franco Eyal Ofek Ye Pan Angus Antley Anthony Steed Bernhard Spanlang Antonella Maselli Domna Banakou Nuria Pelechano Sergio Orts-Escolano Veronica Orvalho Laura Trutoiu Markus Wojcik Maria\u00a0V. Sanchez-Vives Jeremy Bailenson Mel Slater and Jaron Lanier. 2020. The Rocketbox Library and the Utility of Freely Available Rigged Avatars. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 1 (2020) 20\u00a0pages. 10.3389\/frvir.2020.561558","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2020.561558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACIIW59127.2023.10388188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattias Heldner and Jens Edlund. 2010. Pauses Gaps and Overlaps in Conversations. Journal of Phonetics 38 4 (Oct. 2010) 555\u2013568. 10.1016\/j.wocn.2010.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T.\u00a0M. Holtgraves S.\u00a0J. Ross C.\u00a0R. Weywadt and T.\u00a0L. Han. 2007. Perceiving Artificial Social Agents. Computers in Human Behavior 23 5 (Sept. 2007) 2163\u20132174. 10.1016\/j.chb.2006.02.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kate Hone. 2006. Empathic Agents to Reduce User Frustration: The Effects of Varying Agent Characteristics. Interacting with computers 18 2 (2006) 227\u2013245. 10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.05.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob Hornik. 1984. Subjective vs. Objective Time Measures: A Note on the Perception of Time in Consumer Behavior. Journal of consumer research 11 1 (1984) 615\u2013618. 10.1086\/208998","DOI":"10.1086\/208998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"John Hoxmeier and Chris DiCesare. 2000. System Response Time and User Satisfaction: An Experimental Study of Browser-based Applications. 6\u00a0pages. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/amcis2000\/347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qian Hu and Zhao Pan. 2024. Is Cute AI More Forgivable? The Impact of Informal Language Styles and Relationship Norms of Conversational Agents on Service Recovery. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 65 (May 2024) 1\u201314. 10.1016\/j.elerap.2024.101398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2024.101398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuwen Huang and Ada Lo. 2025. Human vs. Robot Service Provider Agents in Service Failures: Comparing Customer Dissatisfaction and The Mediating Role of Forgiveness and Service Recovery Expectation. Information Technology & Tourism 27 (Feb. 2025) 1\u201332. 10.1007\/s40558-025-00314-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-025-00314-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun\u00a0Young Hwang Negar Khojasteh and Susan\u00a0R. Fussell. 2019. When Delayed in a Hurry: Interpretations of Response Delays in Time-Sensitive Instant Messaging. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 GROUP (Dec. 2019) 1\u201320. 10.1145\/3361115","DOI":"10.1145\/3361115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Rhythms of Dialogue","author":"Jaffe Joseph","year":"1970","unstructured":"Joseph Jaffe and Stanley Feldstein. 1970. Rhythms of Dialogue. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1130282269381241984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takayuki Kanda Masayuki Kamasima Michita Imai Tetsuo Ono Daisuke Sakamoto Hiroshi Ishiguro and Yuichiro Anzai. 2007. A Humanoid Robot that Pretends to Listen to Route Guidance from a Human. Auton. Robots 22 1 (Jan. 2007) 87\u2013100. 10.1007\/s10514-006-9007-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-006-9007-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woojoo Kim Shuping Xiong and Zhuoqian Liang. 2017. Effect of Loading Symbol of Online Video on Perception of Waiting Time. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 33 12 (2017) 1001\u20131009. 10.1080\/10447318.2017.1305051","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1305051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Junyeong Kum and Myungho Lee. 2022. Can Gestural Filler Reduce User-Perceived Latency in Conversation with Digital Humans? Applied Sciences 12 21 (Jan. 2022) 10972. 10.3390\/app122110972","DOI":"10.3390\/app122110972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vishal\u00a0Kiran Kuvar Jeremy\u00a0N. Bailenson and Caitlin Mills. 2024. A novel quantitative assessment of engagement in virtual reality: Task-unrelated thought is reduced compared to 2D videos. Computers & Education 209 (Feb. 2024) 104959. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christos Kyrlitsias and Despina Michael-Grigoriou. 2022. Social Interaction With Agents and Avatars in Immersive Virtual Environments: A Survey. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2 (Jan. 2022) 13\u00a0pages. 10.3389\/frvir.2021.786665Publisher: Frontiers.","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.786665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","volume-title":"The Desert Survival Problem: A Group Decision Making Experience for Examining and Increasing Individual and Team Effectiveness: Manual","author":"Lafferty J.C.","year":"1974","unstructured":"J.C. Lafferty, P.M. Eady, A.W. Pond, and Human Synergistics. 1974. The Desert Survival Problem: A Group Decision Making Experience for Examining and Increasing Individual and Team Effectiveness: Manual. Experimental Learning Methods, Plymouth, Michigan: Experimental Learning Methods. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=X37-GwAACAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asif\u00a0Ali Laghari Hui He Muhammad Shafiq and Asiya Khan. 2019. Application of Quality of Experience in Networked Services: Review Trend & Perspectives. Systemic Practice and Action Research 32 5 (Oct. 2019) 501\u2013519. 10.1007\/s11213-018-9471-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11213-018-9471-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stephen\u00a0C. Levinson and Francisco Torreira. 2015. Timing in Turn-taking and its Implications for Processing Models of Language. Frontiers in Psychology 6 (2015) 731. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00731","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zijian Lew Joseph\u00a0B Walther Augustine Pang and Wonsun Shin. 2018. Interactivity in Online Chat: Conversational Contingency and Response Latency in Computer-mediated Communication. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 23 4 (July 2018) 201\u2013221. 10.1093\/jcmc\/zmy009","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmy009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22643-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shasha Li and Chien-Hsiung Chen. 2019. The Effects of Visual Feedback Designs on Long Wait Time of Mobile Application User Interface. Interacting with Computers 31 1 (Jan. 2019) 1\u201312. 10.1093\/iwc\/iwz001","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwz001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jose Llanes-Jurado Luc\u00eda G\u00f3mez-Zaragoz\u00e1 Maria\u00a0Eleonora Minissi Mariano Alca\u00f1iz and Javier Mar\u00edn-Morales. 2024. Developing Conversational Virtual Humans for Social Emotion Elicitation Based on Large Language Models. Expert Systems with Applications 246 (Jul 2024) 123261. 10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9443-0_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Redowan Mahmud Satish\u00a0Narayana Srirama Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and Rajkumar Buyya. 2019. Quality of Experience (QoE)-aware Placement of Applications in Fog Computing Environments. J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput. 132 (Oct. 2019) 190\u2013203. 10.1016\/j.jpdc.2018.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"Mykola Maslych Christian Pumarada Amirpouya Ghasemaghaei and Joseph J.\u00a0LaViola Jr. 2024. Takeaways from Applying LLM Capabilities to Multiple Conversational Avatars in a VR Pilot Study. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2501.00168\u00a0[cs.HC]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR62088.2024.00115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Matsumoto and Hyisung\u00a0C. Hwang. 2018. Microexpressions Differentiate Truths From Lies About Future Malicious Intent. Frontiers in Psychology 9 (Dec. 2018) 2545. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02545","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas McWilliams Bryan Reimer Bruce Mehler Jonathan Dobres and Hale McAnulty. 2015. A Secondary Assessment of the Impact of Voice Interface Turn Delays on Driver Attention and Arousal in Field Conditions. Driving Assessment Conference 8 2015 (June 2015) 408\u2013414. https:\/\/pubs.lib.uiowa.edu\/driving\/article\/id\/28561\/","DOI":"10.17077\/drivingassessment.1602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1476589.1476628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brad\u00a0A Myers. 1985. The Importance of Percent-Done Progress Indicators for Computer-Human Interfaces. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 16 4 (1985) 11\u201317. 10.1145\/1165385.317459","DOI":"10.1145\/1165385.317459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG57401.2023.10333244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17248-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2015.7333677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xueni Pan and Antonia F. de\u00a0C. Hamilton. 2018. Why and How to Use Virtual Reality to Study Human Social Interaction: The Challenges of Exploring a New Research Landscape. British Journal of Psychology 109 3 (2018) 395\u2013417. 10.1111\/bjop.12290","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"Joon\u00a0Sung Park Joseph\u00a0C. O\u2019Brien Carrie\u00a0J. Cai Meredith\u00a0Ringel Morris Percy Liang and Michael\u00a0S. Bernstein. 2023. Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2304.03442\u00a0[cs.HC]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","unstructured":"Amir\u00a0Bani Saeed Zahra Moussavi and Bruce Hardy. 2024. Developing an Avatar in Virtual Reality for Mental Health Treatment. CMBES Proceedings 46 (June 2024) 1\u20131. https:\/\/proceedings.cmbes.ca\/index.php\/proceedings\/article\/view\/1107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Junaid Shaikh Markus Fiedler and Denis Collange. 2010. Quality of Experience from User and Network Perspectives. Annals of Telecommunications - Annales Des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications 65 1 (Feb. 2010) 47\u201357. 10.1007\/s12243-009-0142-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-009-0142-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toshiyuki Shiwa Takayuki Kanda Michita Imai Hiroshi Ishiguro and Norihiro Hagita. 2009. How Quickly Should a Communication Robot Respond? Delaying Strategies and Habituation Effects. International Journal of Social Robotics 1 2 (April 2009) 141\u2013155. 10.1007\/s12369-009-0012-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-009-0012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570945.3607317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gabriel Skantze and Anna Hjalmarsson. 2013. Towards Incremental Speech Generation in Conversational Systems. Computer Speech & Language 27 1 (2013) 243\u2013262. 10.1016\/j.csl.2012.05.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR62088.2024.00091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652988.3673932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tanya Stivers N.\u00a0J. Enfield Penelope Brown Christina Englert Makoto Hayashi Trine Heinemann Gertie Hoymann Federico Rossano Jan\u00a0Peter de Ruiter Kyung-Eun Yoon and Stephen\u00a0C. Levinson. 2009. Universals and Cultural Variation in Turn-taking in Conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 26 (June 2009) 10587\u201310592. 10.1073\/pnas.0903616106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903616106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","series-title":"Lund Studies in English","volume-title":"The London\u2013Lund Corpus of Spoken English: Description and Research","author":"Svartvik Jan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jan Svartvik (Ed.). 1990. The London\u2013Lund Corpus of Spoken English: Description and Research. Lund Studies in English, Vol.\u00a082. Lund University Press, Lund, Sweden. https:\/\/lup.lub.lu.se\/record\/c9ccd3ca-4a6e-4885-9ca5-1f939baa977f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marc Swerts. 1998. Filled Pauses as Markers of Discourse Structure. Journal of pragmatics 30 4 (1998) 485\u2013496. 10.1016\/S0378-2166(98)00014-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(98)00014-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maite Taboada. 2006. Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Turn-taking. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 16 2-3 (2006) 329\u2013360. 10.1075\/prag.16.2-3.04tab","DOI":"10.1075\/prag.16.2-3.04tab"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emma\u00a0M. Templeton Luke\u00a0J. Chang Elizabeth\u00a0A. Reynolds Marie\u00a0D. Cone\u00a0LeBeaumont and Thalia Wheatley. 2022. Fast Response Times Signal Social Connection in Conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 4 (Jan. 2022) e2116915119. 10.1073\/pnas.2116915119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2116915119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oguzhan Topsakal and Elif Topsakal. 2022. Framework for A Foreign Language Teaching Software for Children Utilizing AR Voicebots and ChatGPT (Large Language Models). The Journal of Cognitive Systems 7 2 (Dec 2022) 33\u201338. 10.52876\/jcs.1227392","DOI":"10.52876\/jcs.1227392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9443-0_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","unstructured":"Ashmal Vayani Dinura Dissanayake Hasindri Watawana Noor Ahsan Nevasini Sasikumar Omkar Thawakar Henok\u00a0Biadglign Ademtew Yahya Hmaiti Amandeep Kumar and Kartik\u00a0Kuckreja et al.2024. All Languages Matter: Evaluating LMMs on Culturally Diverse 100 Languages. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.16508\u00a0[cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ana Villar Mario Callegaro and Yongwei Yang. 2013. Where am I? A Meta-analysis of Experiments on the Effects of Progress Indicators for Web Surveys. Social Science Computer Review 31 6 (2013) 744\u2013762. 10.1177\/0894439313497468","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439313497468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joseph Weizenbaum. 1966. ELIZA\u2014a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM 9 1 (Jan. 1966) 36\u201345. 10.1145\/365153.365168","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Westerman Aaron\u00a0C. Cross and Peter\u00a0G. Lindmark. 2019. I Believe in a Thing Called Bot: Perceptions of the Humanness of \u201cChatbots\u201d. Communication Studies 70 3 (May 2019) 295\u2013312. 10.1080\/10510974.2018.1557233","DOI":"10.1080\/10510974.2018.1557233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1978963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charley Wu Eric Schulz Timothy Pleskac and Maarten Speekenbrink. 2022. Time pressure changes how people explore and respond to uncertainty. Scientific Reports 12 (March 2022) 4122. 10.1038\/s41598-022-07901-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07901-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.sigdial-1.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Euijung Yang and Michael\u00a0C. Dorneich. 2015. The Effect of Time Delay on Emotion Arousal and Satisfaction in Human-Robot Interaction. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59 1 (Sept. 2015) 443\u2013447. 10.1177\/1541931215591094Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931215591094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu-Chia Yang Kevin Duque and Christos Mousas. 2024. The Effects of Depth of Knowledge of a Virtual Agent. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 30 11 (Nov. 2024) 7140\u20137151. 10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456148","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR46266.2020.00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR59233.2023.00090"}],"event":{"name":"CUI '25: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces","location":"Waterloo ON Canada","acronym":"CUI '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3719160.3736636","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T10:32:22Z","timestamp":1751711542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3719160.3736636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3719160.3736636","10.1145\/3719160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3719160.3736636","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}