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Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inter-network degree correlation (IDC) has been widely proven to be important to the performance of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) facing cascading failures by comparing the limited extreme cases, such as maximally positive, maximally negative, and completely random interdependent networks. In this article, we develop a novel system model for providing a more realistic and detailed analysis on how IDC observed in an actual CPS relates to cascades occurring on it. Unlike the existing models that often assume homogeneous network operating characteristics and only focus on symmetric interdependency between coupled networks while ignoring asymmetric interdependency, our proposed model captures heterogeneous flow characteristics of a physical network and a cyber network composing a specific CPS and considers two types of their symmetric and asymmetric interdependency to simulate cascading failure processes in practical situations. Furthermore, not limited to the extreme IDCs, CPSs with tunable IDC are generated and investigated systematically by introducing null models. Experimental results reveal that the relationship between IDC and cascading robustness of a CPS is dependent on its interdependency mechanism. In the case of symmetric interdependency, increasing IDC can significantly make the system more robust, while in the case of asymmetric one, the robustness is nearly unchanged. The study highlights the necessity of considering realistic interdependency mechanisms when designing inter-network structure optimization schemes against cascading failures in CPSs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3719660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T14:36:16Z","timestamp":1740494176000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact Analysis of Inter-network Degree Correlation on Cascading Failures in Cyber-Physical Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China and School of Computer\u00a0Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3676-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi-Kang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Communication Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China and School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-023-00676-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3188648"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zahra Azimi and Ahmad Afshar. 2024. 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