{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:41:20Z","timestamp":1790631680577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"OOPSLA1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Program. Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Networked cybernetic and physical systems of the Internet of Things (IoT) immerse civilian and industrial infrastructures into an interconnected and dynamic web of hybrid and mobile devices. The key feature of such systems is the hybrid and tight coupling of mobile and pervasive discrete communications in a continuously evolving environment (discrete computations with predominant continuous dynamics). In the aim of ensuring the correctness and reliability of such heterogeneous infrastructures, we introduce the hybrid\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    -calculus (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">H<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">C<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ), to formally capture both mobility, pervasiveness and hybridisation in infrastructures where the network topology and its communicating entities evolve continuously in the physical world. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    -calculus proposed by Robin Milner et al. is a process calculus that can model mobile communications and computations in a very elegant manner. The\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">H<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">C<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    we propose is a conservative extension of the classical\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    -calculus, i.e., the extension is \u201cminimal\u201d, and yet describes mobility, time and physics of systems, while allowing to lift all theoretical results (e.g. bisimulation) to the context of that extension. We showcase the\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">H<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">C<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    by considering a realistic handover protocol among mobile devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3720478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T13:48:26Z","timestamp":1744206506000},"page":"1158-1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HpC: A Calculus for Hybrid and Mobile Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-9992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Talpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, KLSS (CAS) and SKLCS, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohua","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, KLSS (CAS) and SKLCS, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naijun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, School of Computer Science &amp; Key Lab. of High Confidence Software Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-57318-6_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40561-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(96)00253-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04995-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCICO.2023.103002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCICO.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCICO.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1000000053"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TCS.2004.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39519-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMR.2595"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FMCAD.2014.6987596"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JLAP.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JLAP.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448270"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22110-1_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2017.2763785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209108.3209149"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2007.895849"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69483-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd","author":"He Jifeng","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jifeng He. 1994. From CSP to hybrid systems. Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd., GBR, 171-189."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LICS.1996.561342"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359576.359585"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SYSCONLE.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39799-8_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/JSCO.2001.0472"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4230\/LIPICS.CONCUR.2023.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2480362.2480615"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IC.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17164-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3428202"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","unstructured":"MathWorks. 2013. Simulink\u00ae User\u2019s Guide. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/pdf_doc\/simulink\/sl_using.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","unstructured":"MathWorks. 2013. Stateflow\u00ae User\u2019s Guide. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/pdf_doc\/stateflow\/sf_ug.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58041-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","volume-title":"Communicating and Mobile Systems: the \u03c0-Calculus","author":"Milner Robin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robin Milner. 1999. Communicating and Mobile Systems: the \u03c0-Calculus. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(92)90008-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(92)90009-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10817-008-9103-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LICS.2012.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63588-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24743-2_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24743-2_34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36580-X_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290343"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JLAP.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENTCS.2006.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JLAP.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/233551.233556"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCPS61052.2024.00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3603781.3603896"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00165-021-00530-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2501.09430"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TCS.2021.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3360002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2303.15020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0020972"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3720478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3720478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:31:21Z","timestamp":1787589081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3720478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"OOPSLA1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3720478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3720478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-1421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-1421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}