{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:03:57Z","timestamp":1787065437236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002702","name":"Aalborg University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Accountability is an innate part of social systems. It maintains stability and ensures positive pressure on individuals\u2019 decision-making. As actors in a social system, software developers are accountable to their team and organization for their decisions. However, the drivers of accountability and how it changes behavior in software development are less understood. In this study, we look at how the social aspects of code review affect software engineers\u2019 sense of accountability for code quality. Since Software Engineering (SE) is increasingly involving Large Language Models (LLM) assistance, we also evaluate the impact on accountability when introducing LLM-assisted code reviews. We carried out a two-phased sequential qualitative study (\n                    <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n                      <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\textbf{interviews}\\rightarrow\\textbf{focus groups}\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). In Phase I (16 interviews), we sought to investigate the intrinsic drivers of software engineers influencing their sense of accountability for code quality, relying on self-reported claims. In Phase II, we tested these traits in a more natural setting by simulating traditional peer-led reviews with focus groups and then LLM-assisted review sessions. We found that there are four key intrinsic drivers of accountability for code quality:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">personal standards<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">professional integrity<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pride in code quality<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">maintaining one\u2019s reputation<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In a traditional peer-led review, we observed a transition from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">individual<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">collective accountability<\/jats:italic>\n                    when code reviews are initiated. We also found that the introduction of LLM-assisted reviews disrupts this accountability process, challenging the reciprocity of accountability taking place in peer-led evaluations, i.e., one cannot be accountable to an LLM. Our findings imply that the introduction of AI into SE must preserve social integrity and collective accountability mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3721127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:31:29Z","timestamp":1740738689000},"page":"1-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Accountability in Code Review: The Role of Intrinsic Drivers\u00a0and the Impact of LLMs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Alami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4270-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1073","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)","author":"Alami Adam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam Alami, Marisa Leavitt Cohn, and Andrzej W\u0105sowski. 2019. 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