{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:00:01Z","timestamp":1774022401629,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":46,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2238193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2238193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3721238.3730754","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T08:42:43Z","timestamp":1753260163000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neural Importance Sampling of Many Lights"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-1512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3011-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Bako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aurora Innovation, San Francisco, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Khademi Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pontus Andersson Jim Nilsson Tomas Akenine-M\u00f6ller Magnus Oskarsson Kalle \u00c5str\u00f6m and Mark\u00a0D. Fairchild. 2020. FLIP: A Difference Evaluator for Alternating Images. Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 3 2 (2020) 15:1\u201315:23.","DOI":"10.1145\/3406183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steve Bako Mark Meyer Tony DeRose and Pradeep Sen. 2019. Offline Deep Importance Sampling for Monte Carlo Path Tracing. Computer Graphics Forum 38 7 (2019) 527\u2013542.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedikt Bitterli Chris Wyman Matt Pharr Peter Shirley Aaron Lefohn and Wojciech Jarosz. 2020. Spatiotemporal reservoir resampling for real-time ray tracing with dynamic direct lighting. ACM Trans. Graph. 39 4 Article 148 (Aug. 2020) 17\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386569.3392481","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alejandro Conty\u00a0Estevez and Christopher Kulla. 2018. Importance Sampling of Many Lights with Adaptive Tree Splitting. Proc. ACM Comput. Graph. Interact. Tech. 1 2 Article 25 (Aug. 2018) 17\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3233305","DOI":"10.1145\/3233305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Donikian Bruce Walter Kavita Bala Sebastian Fernandez and Donald\u00a0P. Greenberg. 2006. Accurate Direct Illumination Using Iterative Adaptive Sampling. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12 3 (May 2006) 353\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2006.41","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_1","series-title":"(EGRW \u201902)","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering","author":"Fernandez Sebastian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sebastian Fernandez, Kavita Bala, and Donald\u00a0P. Greenberg. 2002. Local illumination environments for direct lighting acceleration. In Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (Pisa, Italy) (EGRW \u201902). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 7\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iliyan Georgiev Jaroslav K\u0159iv\u00e1nek Stefan Popov and Philipp Slusallek. 2012. Importance Caching for Complex Illumination. Computer Graphics Forum 31 2pt3 (2012) 701\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03049.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Hart M. Pharr T. M\u00fcller W. Lopes M. McGuire and P. Shirley. 2020. Practical Product Sampling by Fitting and Composing Warps. Computer Graphics Forum 39 4 (2020) 149\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milo\u0161 Ha\u0161an Fabio Pellacini and Kavita Bala. 2007. Matrix row-column sampling for the many-light problem. ACM Trans. Graph. 26 3 (July 2007) 26\u2013es. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1276377.1276410","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milo\u0161 Ha\u0161an Edgar Vel\u00e1zquez-Armend\u00e1riz Fabio Pellacini and Kavita Bala. 2008. Tensor Clustering for Rendering Many-Light Animations. Computer Graphics Forum 27 4 (2008) 1105\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01248.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01248.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiawei Huang Akito Iizuka Hajime Tanaka Taku Komura and Yoshifumi Kitamura. 2024. Online Neural Path Guiding with Normalized Anisotropic Spherical Gaussians. ACM Trans. Graph. 43 3 Article 26 (April 2024) 18\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3649310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuchi Huo Rui Wang Shihao Jin Xinguo Liu and Hujun Bao. 2015. A matrix sampling-and-recovery approach for many-lights rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 34 6 Article 210 (Nov. 2015) 12\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2816795.2818120","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuchi Huo Rui Wang Ruzahng Zheng Hualin Xu Hujun Bao and Sung-Eui Yoon. 2020. Adaptive Incident Radiance Field Sampling and Reconstruction Using Deep Reinforcement Learning. ACM Trans. Graph. 39 1 Article 6 (jan 2020) 17\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Kingma Diederik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diederik Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2015. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57963-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daqi Lin Markus Kettunen Benedikt Bitterli Jacopo Pantaleoni Cem Yuksel and Chris Wyman. 2022. Generalized resampled importance sampling: foundations of ReSTIR. ACM Trans. Graph. 41 4 Article 75 (July 2022) 23\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3528223.3530158","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daqi Lin and Cem Yuksel. 2020. Real-time stochastic lightcuts. Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 3 1 (2020) 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1145\/3384543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yifan Liu Kun Xu and Ling-Qi Yan. 2019. Adaptive BRDF-Oriented Multiple Importance Sampling of Many Lights. Computer Graphics Forum 38 4 (2019) 123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cgf.13776 arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cgf.13776","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haolin Lu Wesley Chang Trevor Hedstrom and Tzu-Mao Li. 2024. Real-Time Path Guiding Using Bounding Voxel Sampling. ACM Trans. Graph. 43 4 Article 125 (July 2024) 14\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3658203","DOI":"10.1145\/3658203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Amazon Lumberyard. 2017. Amazon Lumberyard Bistro Open Research Content Archive (ORCA). http:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/orca\/amazon-lumberyard-bistro"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_1","series-title":"(HPG \u201919)","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on High-Performance Graphics","author":"Moreau P.","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Moreau, M. Pharr, and P. Clarberg. 2022. Dynamic many-light sampling for real-time ray tracing. In Proceedings of the Conference on High-Performance Graphics (Strasbourg, France) (HPG \u201919). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/hpg.20191191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_1","volume-title":"tiny-cuda-nn","author":"M\u00fcller Thomas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas M\u00fcller. 2021. tiny-cuda-nn. https:\/\/github.com\/NVlabs\/tiny-cuda-nn"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas M\u00fcller Brian McWilliams Fabrice Rousselle Markus Gross and Jan Nov\u00e1k. 2019. Neural Importance Sampling. ACM Trans. Graph. 38 5 Article 145 (oct 2019) 19\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3341156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas M\u00fcller Markus Gross and Jan Nov\u00e1k. 2017. Practical Path Guiding for Efficient Light-Transport Simulation. Computer Graphics Forum 36 4 (2017) 91\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiawei Ou and Fabio Pellacini. 2011. LightSlice: matrix slice sampling for the many-lights problem. ACM Trans. Graph. 30 6 (Dec. 2011) 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2070781.2024213","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Ouyang S. Liu M. Kettunen M. Pharr and J. Pantaleoni. 2021. ReSTIR GI: Path Resampling for Real-Time Path Tracing. Computer Graphics Forum 40 8 (2021) 17\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cgf.14378","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Jacopo Pantaleoni. 2019. Importance Sampling of Many Lights with Reinforcement Lightcuts Learning. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1911.10217\u00a0[cs.GR] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.10217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacopo Pantaleoni. 2020. Online path sampling control with progressive spatio-temporal filtering. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2005.07547\u00a0[cs.GR]","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-020-00291-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eric Paquette Pierre Poulin and George Drettakis. 1998. A Light Hierarchy for Fast Rendering of Scenes with Many Lights. Computer Graphics Forum 17 3 (1998) 63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8659.00254","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander Rath Pascal Grittmann Sebastian Herholz Petr V\u00e9voda Philipp Slusallek and Jaroslav K\u0159iv\u00e1nek. 2020. Variance-aware path guiding. ACM Trans. Graph. 39 4 Article 151 (aug 2020) 12\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter Shirley Changyaw Wang and Kurt Zimmerman. 1996. Monte Carlo techniques for direct lighting calculations. ACM Trans. Graph. 15 1 (Jan. 1996) 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/226150.226151","DOI":"10.1145\/226150.226151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383654.2383674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3680528.3687647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petr V\u00e9voda Ivo Kondapaneni and Jaroslav K\u0159iv\u00e1nek. 2018. Bayesian online regression for adaptive direct illumination sampling. ACM Trans. Graph. 37 4 Article 125 (July 2018) 12\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3197517.3201340","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3305366.3328091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruce Walter Sebastian Fernandez Adam Arbree Kavita Bala Michael Donikian and Donald\u00a0P. Greenberg. 2005. Lightcuts: a scalable approach to illumination. ACM Trans. Graph. 24 3 (July 2005) 1098\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1073204.1073318","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu-Chen Wang Yu-Ting Wu Tzu-Mao Li and Yung-Yu Chuang. 2021. Learning to cluster for rendering with many lights. ACM Trans. Graph. 40 6 Article 277 (Dec. 2021) 10\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3478513.3480561","DOI":"10.1145\/3478513.3480561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57963-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_1","unstructured":"Mike Winkelmann. 2019. Zero-Day Open Research Content Archive (ORCA). https:\/\/developer.nvidia.com\/orca\/beeple-zero-day"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu-Ting Wu and Yung-Yu Chuang. 2013. VisibilityCluster: Average Directional Visibility for Many-Light Rendering. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19 9 (2013) 1566\u20131578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2013.21","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"High-Performance Graphics (HPG 2019)","author":"Yuksel Cem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cem Yuksel. 2019. Stochastic Lightcuts. In High-Performance Graphics (HPG 2019) (Strasbourg, France). The Eurographics Association, 27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/hpg.20191192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junqiu Zhu Yaoyi Bai Zilin Xu Steve Bako Edgar Vel\u00e1zquez-Armend\u00e1riz Lu Wang Pradeep Sen Milo\u0161 Ha\u0161an and Ling-Qi Yan. 2021a. Neural complex luminaires: representation and rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 40 4 Article 57 (July 2021) 12\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shilin Zhu Zexiang Xu Tiancheng Sun Alexandr Kuznetsov Mark Meyer Henrik\u00a0Wann Jensen Hao Su and Ravi Ramamoorthi. 2021b. Hierarchical neural reconstruction for path guiding using hybrid path and photon samples. ACM Trans. Graph. 40 4 Article 35 (jul 2021) 16\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shilin Zhu Zexiang Xu Tiancheng Sun Alexandr Kuznetsov Mark Meyer Henrik\u00a0Wann Jensen Hao Su and Ravi Ramamoorthi. 2021c. Photon-Driven Neural Reconstruction for Path Guiding. ACM Trans. Graph. 41 1 Article 7 (Nov. 2021) 15\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3476828"}],"event":{"name":"SIGGRAPH Conference Papers '25: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Conference Papers","location":"Vancouver BC Canada","acronym":"SIGGRAPH Conference Papers '25","sponsor":["SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Conference Papers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3721238.3730754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1774018942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3721238.3730754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3721238.3730754","10.1145\/3721238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3721238.3730754","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}